국제포경위원회 연례회의 기조연설 분석을 통한 대한민국 정부의 포경 입장 연구

손호선,안두해,안용락 한국해양수산개발원 2015 해양정책연구 Vol.30 No.1

The stance of the Korean government on the whaling issue is analyzed by its opening statements in the annual meetings of the International Whaling Commission(IWC) since 1978. The analysis shows that, in spite of the variable tones of the opening statements, the Korean government has consistently stated to catch whales within its Exclusive Economic Zone. But it is not probable to resume commercial whaling because of the confrontation between pro- and anti-whaling group in the IWC. Asking commercial whaling only in the opening statements could not make a breakthrough in the stalled IWC, and give any benefit to the Korean government. Neutral statement balanced between pro- and anti-whaling would make more whaling opportunities to the Korean government.

반구대 암각화의 고래 종(種)

손호선 한국암각화학회 2012 한국암각화연구 Vol.16 No.-

미국의 해양포유류 혼획 어업 생산물 수입금지 조치에 따른 대응 방안 연구

손호선,목정임,최영민,박겸준 한국해양수산개발원 2016 해양정책연구 Vol.31 No.2

United States Marine Mammal Protection Act Sec. 101(a)(2) requests the Secretary of the Treasury ban the import of fish or its products which have been caught by the fisheries which have caused the incidental kill or serious injury of marine mammals in excess of United States standards. The Federal Register, ‘Fish and Fish Product Import Provisions of the Marine Mammal Protection Act’ explains the conditions and the processes to allow the export of fish and fish products from foreign harvesting countries. The first step of the process is defining foreign fisheries into ‘exempt’ and ‘export’ fisheries depend on the impact of the fisheries on the incidental marine mammal killing or serious injuries. Then the National Marine Fisheries Service will publish a List of Foreign Fisheries by harvesting nations, their fisheries, and their classification. A harvesting nation must apply for and receive a comparability finding for its fisheries to export fish and fish products to the United States. The List of Foreign Fisheries will be the most important criteria to assess the comparability finding application submitted by the harvesting nations. Because of the high cetacean incidental mortality in Korean waters, Korean government should list up the fisheries which do not or hardly take or harm marine mammals incidentally. Then designate those fisheries as ‘exporting fisheries’ to get the permission to access the Unites States’ market. Establishing laws and regulations to prevent marine mammal incidental killing and reducing the current level of cetacean bycatch are also very important measures to get a comparability finding. 미국 해양포유류보호법(Marine Mammal Protection Act, MMPA) Sec. 101(a) (2)은 해양포유류의 사망이나 부상을 유발하는 어업에서 생산한 수산물과 그 가공품의 수입 금지를 명시하고 있다. 이에 미국해양대기청(NOAA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)은 미국 및 전 세계 이해당사자를 대상으로 한 광범위한 의견 수렴 과정을 거쳐서 2016년 8월 15일 미국 연방규정(Code of Federal Regulations) §216.3 및 §216.24의 최종 개정안을 「미국 해양포유류법에 따른 수산물 수입 조건(Requirements for Importation of Fish and Fish Product under the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act)」이라는 제목으로 발표했으며(이하 연방규정), 동 연방규정은 2017년 1월 1일부터 발효된다. FTA 네트워크 등 경제협력 역량강화를 통한 수산물 수출확대는 해양수산부의 주요 국정과제 중 하나이며, 우리나라의 대(對)세계 수산물 수출액이 한미 FTA 발효 전에 비해 19.1% 줄어든데 비해, 대(對)미 수산물 수출액은 22.8%가 늘어났다. FTA 체결로 인해 늘어나고 있는 대미 수산물 수출이 해양포유류 보호를 위해 개정된 미국 연방규정 때문에 감소 내지는 중단되면 유럽연합 등 다른 지역으로의 수출에도 영향을 끼칠 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 미국 연방규정의 개정 세부 내용을 알아보고, 대한민국 어업의 종류 와 대미 수산물 수출 현황을 분석한다. 이후 대한민국 연근해의 해양포유류 현황 파악을 위해 한반도 연안에서 그 수가 가장 많고 비교적 잘 연구가 되어있는 고래류를 대상으로 개체수 및 혼획 현황을 분석한 뒤, 이상의 자료를 종합하여 대미 수산물 수출 시 발생할 것으로 예상되는 문제점을 짚어보고 그 대응 방안을 제시한다. 연구결과 주요 수출 수산물을 어획하는 어업을 대상으로 국내 수출분류군을 설정하여 분류군별로 상이한 대응책을 마련하고, 굴 수출과 유사한 형태의 생산이력관리제를 시행하여 어업별로 미국의 수출적합성 인증을 취득하는 방안이 타당한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 해양포유류 혼획을 줄일 수 있도록 지속적으로 관련 제도 개선, 혼획 저감 어구 개발 및 현장 보급을 수행하여야 한다.

원발성 복막 중피종 3예에 대하여

손호선,서영주,임시영,송준호,박영철,이만호,이상종,김명숙 大韓消化器病學會 1989 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

몇 가지 간질환에 있어 혈중 Neopterin치의 의의

손호선,김병익,백문철,김향,이승세,정을순,이상종 大韓消化器病學會 1989 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.21 No.2

Prognostic role of NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: analysis based on propensity score matching and weighting

손호선,배장환,김경옥,차은종,김경아 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2017 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.18 No.3

Recently, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been widely used in the areas of diagnosis, monitoring treatment efficiency, and prognosis for various heart diseases, especially heart failure (HF). In this paper, we try to estimate the prognostic significance of NT-proBNP as a risk evaluation marker in Non-ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) patients. We selected NSTEMI patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) primarily using a drug-eluting stent within 24 h after the onset of chest pain. We compared incidences of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including death, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), and target vessel revascularization (TVR) in two patient groups according to a high or low serum concentration of NT-proBNP, which was measured in the emergency room (ER). We intend to minimize selection bias selecting comparing groups, considering covariate of observed variables together using propensity score matching (PSM) and propensity score weighting (PSW) based on propensity score (PS) to control the difference in baseline characteristics between high- and low NT-proBNP groups. We found that as the log NT-proBNP value increases by 1 through a hazard function of COX’s analysis, the risk of MACE increases by 1.312 times. This result indicated that the NT-proBNP level on ER admission can be used as a significant prognostic indicator to estimate 1 year of MACE in NSTEMI patients who were treated with PCI within 24 h after the onset of chest pain.

Intra-Oral Factors Influencing Halitosis in Young Women

손호선,Kyoung Ok Kim,Jae Kwan Jung,Eun Jong Cha,Su-Ok Lee,Kyung Ah Kim 질병관리본부 2018 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.9 No.6

Objectives The aim of this research was to determine intra-oral factors that affect halitosis in young women. Methods This study was performed between March 2014 to May 2014, and included 35 women in their 20s with good oral health. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the change in halitosis immediately, and 1 hour after scaling. Results In both oral gas (OG) and extraoral gas (EG) groups, halitosis was reduced after scaling compared to before scaling. The logistic regression analysis of oral state factors in OG showed that as oral fluid [odds ratio (OR) = 0.792, p = 0.045] and dental plaque (OR = 0.940, p = 0.016) decreased by 1 unit, the OR in the OG group decreased (> 50). In addition, as glucose levels in the oral cavity (OR = 1.245, p = 0.075) and tongue coating index (OR = 2.912, p = 0.064) increased by 1 unit, the OR in the OG group increased (> 50). Furthermore, in the EG group, as oral fluid (OR = 0.66, p = 0.01) and dental plaque (OR = 0.95, p = 0.04) decreased, the OR in the EG group decreased (> 50) significantly. Conclusion To control halitosis, it is necessary to increase oral fluid and decrease the amount of tongue plaque. Furthermore, maintaining a healthy oral environment, aided by regular scaling and removal of dental plaque, may significantly control halitosis.

Classification of stomach cancer gene expression data using CNN algorithm of deep learning

손호선,이연규,김경옥,차은종,김경아 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2019 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.20 No.1

The incidence of stomach cancer has been found to be gradually decreasing; however, it remains one of the most frequently occurring malignant cancers in Korea. According to statistics of 2017, stomach cancer is the top cancer in men and the fourth most important cancer in women, necessitating methods for its early detection and treatment. Considerable research in the field of bioinformatics has been conducted in cancer studies, and bioinformatics approaches might help develop methods and models for its early prediction. We aimed to develop a classification method based on deep learning and demonstrate its application to gene expression data obtained from patients with stomach cancer. Data of 60,483 genes from 334 patients with stomach cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas were evaluated by principal component analysis, heatmaps, and the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm. We combined the RNA-seq gene expression data with clinical data, searched candidate genes, and analyzed them using the CNN deep learning algorithm. We performed learning using the sample type and vital status of patients with stomach cancer and verified the results. We obtained an accuracy of 95.96% for sample type and 50.51% for vital status. Despite overfitting owing to the limited number of patients, relatively accurate results for sample type were obtained. This approach can be used to predict the prognosis of stomach cancer, which has many types and underlying causes.

혼획 고래 유통 이력 추적을 위한 제도 개선 방안 연구

손호선,홍보가,김민주,김수연 한국해양수산개발원 2018 해양정책연구 Vol.33 No.2

Whaling has been banned in Republic of Korea after the declaration of the moratorium on the commercial whaling by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) since 1986. Korean government followed the moratorium immediately. However whale meat market has been kept by the bycaught whales and dolphins. So Korean government established a rule to control and trace whale meat in the market in 2011. The rule has some loopholes to allow illegally taken whale meat smuggle into the market. This study investigates the flaws in the current rule and recommend the way to overcome that defects. The first step is to prevent the entry of the illegal whale meat into the market. Minor change of the current law would be a solution. The next measure is to increase the sampling rate of the whale DNA that allowed to distribute in the market. The DNA database would be a powerful tools to identify illegal whale meat which is existing in the market. Korean government is operating three kind of food traceability systems. However, because of the legal limitations and the opposition of the non-governmental animal rights organizations, it is difficult to include whale meat to the existing systems. So the last step is to establish a new Traceability System with a state-of-the-art IT technology like as blockchain. The three measures mentioned above would increase the transparency in the whale meat market and prevent the entry of the illegal products. 국제포경위원회의 상업포경금지 조치에 따라 1986년부터 대한민국에서 포경이 금지되었다. 혼획으로 사망하는 고래의 유통은 계속 이루어져 국제기구 등에서 불법포획 의혹을 제기하기도 했다. 이에 고래 유통 질서를 확립하기 위해 2011년 「고래자원의 보존과 관리에 관한 고시」가 공포되었다. 이후 정부는 고시의 내용을 수 차례 개정하며 유통 질서를 바로 잡고자 했으나, 불법포획 고래의 유통을 막기에는 여전히 부족한 부분이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이력추적 시스템 구축을 통한 고래 유통 질서 확립을 위해 위 고시의 개정을 포함한 관련 제도 개선 사항 등에 대해 연구하였다. 먼저, 불법포획 고래의 시장 진입을 제도적으로 차단하고, 혼획으로 사망한 고래만 유통이 되도록 제도의 개정이 이루어져야 한다. 그리고 불법 유통에 대한 강력한 증거 자료로 사용되는 DNA 데이터베이스를 완벽하게 구성하기 위해 시료 채집 방법과 수사용 시료의 분석 절차 등에 대한 개선이 필요하다. 끝으로 효과적인 유통 이력추적 시스템을 확립해야 한다. 기존의 시스템을 활용하기에는 법률 적용, 시민단체 반대 등 현실적인 어려움이 많기 때문에 블록체인 기술을 활용한 새로운 시스템을 개발하는 것이 보다 타당한 방법으로 여겨진다.

해양포유류 보호를 위한 수중 소음 관리 제도 도입 방안

손호선,안두해,김현우 한국해양수산개발원 2015 해양정책연구 Vol.30 No.2

Increased human activities in the marine environments have caused the increase of anthropogenic underwater noise in the oceans. Many countries are concerning about the harmful effects on marine mammals derived from the noise, and have legal frame to manage the negative noise effects on the marine environments. Korean government is planning to construct large offshore wind farms off the west and south coast of Korean peninsula and around Jeju island. There has been no laws and policies about the underwater noise management to protect marine mammals in Korea. This paper reviewed the guidelines by U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to assess the effects of anthropogenic sound on marine mammal hearing, and assessed the impacts from the construction of wind farms off Jeju island on the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins inhabiting the area. Finally the recommendations to establish proper legal frame for the management of the underwater noise in Korean waters are given. 해양에서 인간 활동 증가로 인해 수중 소음 또한 크게 증가했으며, 대한민국 정부는 해상 풍력 발전 산업을 미래 유망 산업으로 규정하고 그 규모를 확대할 예정이다. 하지만 건설 및 운영 단계에서 발생하는 소음 에 대한 법적 관리 체제는 전무한 실정이다. 건설 공사 등으로 발생하는 강한 수중 소음은 어류를 비롯한 해양생물의 행동과 생리 등에 변화를 일으키고 심할 경우 청각 기관 등에 물리적 손상을 일으키기도 한다. 특히, 소리를 수중 이동 감각, 개체간 소통 및 먹이 활동을 위해 사용하는 해양포유류, 특히, 고래류는 주변의 소음에 크게 영향을 받기 때문에 많은 국가들이 수중 소음에 대한 규제를 실시하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 미국의 해양포유류 보호를 위한 수중 소음 관리 제도를 검토한 뒤, 제주도 풍력 발전 단지 건설과 운용에 따른 수중 소음이 남방큰돌고래에 끼치게 될 영향을 예측하고, 이를 바탕으로 대한민국의 수중 소음 관리 방안에 대한 제안을 한다.