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成(성) 연간기획 김영철 : 지방공기업법개정으로 지방공사채 "특수채" 지위부여
김영철 한국지방재정공제회 2014 지방재정 Vol.2014 No.3
지난 6월 3일 지방공기업법 일부 개정법률이 시행되었다. 이번 일부 개정법률에는 그 동안 안전행정부와 지방공사의 숙원이었던 공사채의 특수채 지위 부여가 담겨있다. 이번 법개정으로 지방공사들은 앞으로 채권시장에서 금리수준이 회사채에 비해 낮게 형성되고, 집합투자자의 투자한도가 상향되면서 지방공사의 부채감축 및 재정건전화에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.
金永澈 忠南大學校 1974 論文集 Vol.13 No.1
1. This is a report on "An Analysis of prison Inmates' Views of Korean Court" studied under the auspices of the Asia Foundation's financial assistance. This research was carried out at Taejon Prison during the period of the begining of september through the end of December 1973. In order to obtain a sample, fifty persons were selected from the list of prisoners according to random sampling method. The basic data were gathered by the method of interview, using a legal-psychological approach. The general purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability of court on the bases upon prisoner's experience of trial. Therefore, the utility of the scale was examined in relation to their obedience to the decision of court. The survey covered the following items. a. Investigation of personal affairs and crimal offenses. b. Image and experience of search, trial and appeal to the higher court. c. Satisfaction with the decision of court. d. Attitudes toward judge, district attorney, lawyer and policeman. e. Suspcion of mistrial. f. Conviction of fair trial 2. Analysis of Research Data. The finding and suggestion of this Analysis are as follows. a. personal affairs. 1) 20% of respondents wear females and in age, 78% wear younger than thirty-five years old. 2) In education, 63% of respondents were below middle school, and in the level of living, 96% were lower, actually, in average income, 60% were less than thirty thousand won a month. 3) In occupation 60% were merchants, the unemployed and workers. 4) 56% of respendes were unmarried and 48% were responsible for their family's living 5) 60% of birth place were located in rural community and 62% were religionless b. Criminal offenses. 1) In criminal type, 80% were property penalty and most of 52% among then were thief. And average damages invaded by them were less than fifty thousand won. 2) 68% of respondents had already done more than half a term, therefore, their terms were near expiration. 3) 72% of the main causes of crime were poverty, unemployment, dissipation and drunkenness. 4) 64% of respondents were arrested within a week, but 70% did not forecast their arrest. 5) And 58% repented ofter crime, but 20% denied their criminal offenses. c. Attidude toward search. 1) 40%of respondents stated that they were compelled their confession in the course of search and especially, 14% were sweated by torture. 2) 16% expressed their opinions that search seemed to be illegal, and 34% were discontented with the negligence of human right. 3) 23% emphasized that some of prescriptions concerning search should be amended to realize the principle---"the presumption of innocent to the accused". d. Consciousness of trial at bar. 1) 70% of respondents spent more than two months to finish the suite in court of second instance, while 38% spent same months in court of first instance. 2) 28% felt that the period of trial at var was too long. 3) 30% expressed their discontent with the refuse of presenting evidence an 38% with the unsufficency of opportunity for plea. 4) 44% showed an attitude that they were unsatisfied with trial at bar, because of formal hearing. e. Image of appeal to higher court. 1)34% of respondents appealed to higher court, while, 64% refused to obey the decisions of court. 2) 70% suspected the fainless of superior court in comparison with that of lower court. And also 23% showed positive attitude that they are unsatisfied with the decision of higher court. 3. Conclusion Briefly speaking, the general tendency of prisoner inmates' views of cournt shows us as follows. a. In respect of sentence, 84% of respondents stated that the determination of punishment was heavier than they anticipated, for example, the difference beween actual punishment and estimated punishment comes to 10.3 months per man. Therefore, 66% feel that the decision of punishment is unfair and unbalanced between offenses and penalty So, 54% only the decision of court, especially, 30% believe that the trial is unjust, because they believe they are innocent themselves, though 72% give up the rights of new-trial. b. They are likely to show the attidude of distust toward judge, district attorney, lawyer and policeman. In reliabitiy of them, judge is trusted by 60%, district attorney by 50%, lawyer by 52%, and in case of policeman, by only 38%. c. On the other hand, 84% of respondents are not able to entrust to lawyer except an official, counsel, because of poverty. But 43% among them express complaint to lawyer, on account of his formal and unfaithful attitude in performance of his duty. d. 38%respondents desire to be taken account of their motive and unfortunate environment which cause the crimes, -- for example, conduct resulting from act of God or accident, self-defense or necessity, mistake of law or mistake of fact, less education or poverty etc. e. In short, this study shows that the degree of reliability toward the decision of court and judge are unexpectedly low. And in same cases there are many different punichments among judges, it's against the legal principle "all are equal before the law". As a result, it will bring on an unbalance between crime and punishment, and also form the legal consciousness of unfariness and unreliability toward the decision of court. f. Finaly, it seems to me that there is a positive. Co-relation between the prisoner inmates' views of court and judge's unfair determination of punishment, and too, between the latter and their unrliability toward judge. In other words, a just view of court depends upon the fairness of punishment, and the fairness and balance of punishment become a base of people's reliance.