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김형훈,윤성환,고정상,안철희,Shuji Tanaka,Masayoshi Esashi,고상춘,장원익 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.13 No.9
This paper presents a new method to fabricate a multi-layered PZT microcantilever with a large upward initial deflection and the application for energy harvesting. The upward initial deflection is obtained by asymmetrically distributed residual stresses in the thin multilayer. The numerical analysis is carried out to simulate the upward deflection only based on the temperature history of process. In particular, the proposed method using the metal etching of the adhesion layer of tantalum and the plasma ashing of parylene-C is compared with that using the dry etching of polycrystalline silicon as a sacrificial layer to release the microcantilever from the substrate in fabrication simplicity and process time. An experimental evaluation confirmed that the proposed fabrication method is very simple and effective. The feasibility of the electricity generation is also measured on the PZT vibration test bed. A nano-watt electrical output is obtained, much higher than noise level. Also, a large output is obtained at a large length of the microcantilever with a large initial deflection.
Streptozotocin을 포함한 약물치료의 실패후 재수술로 완치된 Nesidioblastosis 1예
김형훈,정인경,강보현,강한욱,이병완,신상엽,조덕신,윤종욱,김범진,정재훈,민용기,이명식,이문규,오영륜,서연림,박미경,김광원 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.5
Nesidioblatosis is a term that describes small clusters of pancreatic islet cells budding off exocrine ducts, and is commonly reported in infants with intractable idiopathic hypoglucemia. The onset of nesidioblastosis in adults is an extremely rare entity associated with hypersecretion of insulin and the treatment of choice is pancreatic resection. Medical treatment, including somatostatin, propranolol, diazoxide, hydrochlorthiazide and streptozotocin have achieved limited success. We experienced a case of adult nesidioblastosis that underwent reoperation after the failure of medical treatment following an inappropriate first operation.A 54-year old man was admitted due to intermittent hypoglycemic symptoms, which had been relieved by carbohydrate ingestion. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia was documented during a prolonged fast. Image studies found no localized lesion, so a distal pancreatectomy was performed. The pathological examination of the resected pancreas revealed irregularly sized islets and a scattering of small endocrine cell clusters throughout the acinar tissue and ductuloinsular complex.攀접수일자: 2002년 8월 2일통과일자: 2002년 10월 8일 공복시 반복되는 발한, 진전을 주소로 내원하였던 54세 남자 환자에서 고인슐린성 저혈당으로 판별되어 distal pancreatectomy를 시행후 nesidioblastosis를 진단 받은 환자에서 술후 저혈당이 재발하여 streptozotocin을 포함한 여러 약물의 내과적 치료를 시행하였으나 저혈당의 증상이 소실되지 않아 near total pancreatectomy를 시행 받은후 완치된 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.
김형훈 경찰대학교 2005 경찰학연구 Vol.0 No.9
It is necessary to prepare the legal control mechanism against abuse of police power in the process of law enforcement and to do activities of lookout for protecting the people’s fundamental rights. However, if there are no delegation of power from the outset with being afraid of abuse, any law enforcement to be expected will not go. On the contrary, we should recognize that if we let them accomplish their responsibility without power, exceeding performance might be happened for the professional sense of duty. There is no problem if police activities of checkup about suspect are nothing but arbitrary actions without no direct target of danger protection or criminal arrest. But if you try to blame the police man not to be able to arrest the wanted who passed in front of the police man, and to say that policeman should a certain whether the man who would like to buy tobacco or alcohol is juvenile or not, you should allow policeman necessary degree of power going side by side with adequate control mechanism by law. The way of making sure the effectiveness of questioning on policing is divided compulsion and sanction at large. It is desirable to allow the ultimate veto right about confirm of personal identity in the light of present legal emotion of citizen and to make indirect compulsory performance with sanction(administrative punishment) through the judgment made by judge against objector. Now, it is time to make clear the degree of citizen’s own expectation about law enforcement by public power and to decide the attitude of legislation about permitted limit of basic methods for law enforcement at the standpoint of the paymasters. Namely, the wisdom of third phase of administrative law called ‘The accord between special delegation and special limit against servant’ is necessary.
使用者 責任에 관한 一考察 : 各國判例ㆍ學說을 中心으로
金熒薰 제주대학교 1973 논문집 Vol.5 No.-
The aim of this study is to stimulate the student's interest in the elementary principles by which we must all live, in the rules which govern our society. Everyone in a democracy should familiarize himself with the laws regulating his daily life. Related to the status of principlal and agent is the relationship of master and servant. A master is usually liable for injuries caused by the wrongful conduct of servants acting within the scope of their employment. When is a person a servant (or an employee) and when is he an independent contractor? A man working for another is a servant or employee when the master or employer has control of the method and means by which the work is done. If the man doing the work, however, retains control over the manner or method of doing the work, he would be held to be an independent contractor and under most circumstances the person for whom the work is being done would not be responsible for negligence or other wrongful acts. Bear in mind that the master(employer) is liable only for injuries caused by the wrongful acts of this servant (employee) when committed "within the scope of his employment"; that is, when they are of the same general nature as that authorized by the employer or are incidental to such employment. Acts of an employee are held to be within the scope of employment only within the particular locality of employment or in a locality not unreasonably distant. If an employee leaves the area of employment or deviates from his regular route for his own personal benefit, he may be acting beyond the scope of his employment. For example, a chauffeur, on an errand for this boss, driving on the left hand side of a double line and greatly exceeding the speed limit is still acting within the scope of employment and his employer may be responsible for the consequences of a serious accident. This rule is important in a majority of States which do not follow the rule that every owner of an automobile is liable for negligence of the person driving the car with the consent or permission of the owner. Finally, this article should assist law students who want an overview of the law of torts.