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김형훈,윤성환,고정상,안철희,Shuji Tanaka,Masayoshi Esashi,고상춘,장원익 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.13 No.9
This paper presents a new method to fabricate a multi-layered PZT microcantilever with a large upward initial deflection and the application for energy harvesting. The upward initial deflection is obtained by asymmetrically distributed residual stresses in the thin multilayer. The numerical analysis is carried out to simulate the upward deflection only based on the temperature history of process. In particular, the proposed method using the metal etching of the adhesion layer of tantalum and the plasma ashing of parylene-C is compared with that using the dry etching of polycrystalline silicon as a sacrificial layer to release the microcantilever from the substrate in fabrication simplicity and process time. An experimental evaluation confirmed that the proposed fabrication method is very simple and effective. The feasibility of the electricity generation is also measured on the PZT vibration test bed. A nano-watt electrical output is obtained, much higher than noise level. Also, a large output is obtained at a large length of the microcantilever with a large initial deflection.
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金亨勳 건국대학교 1981 論文集 Vol.13 No.1
The Political integration is one of the most important factors of the political development. Then, what is the political integration and its means. They are followings. 1.Integration may refer to the process of bringing together culturally and socially discrete groups into a single territorial unit and the establishment of a national identity. For this integration, the Politics has to use "the detribalization" and establishment of national loyalty to nation-state. 2.Integration is often used in the related sense to refer to the problem of establishing national central authority over subordinate political units or regions which may or may not coincide with distinct cultural or social group. 3.Integration is often used to refer to the problem of linking government with the governed. For this problem, political leader pays to attention "infra-structure". 4.Integration is sometimes used to refer to the minimum value consensus necessary to maintain a social order. For this integration, political leader has to use "self-conscious" and "harmony of individual and group interests". 5.Finally, we may speak of integrative behavior, refferring to the capacity of people in a society to organize for some common purposes politically integrative and disintegrative behavior are relative with men-minds. Generally, when the new nations and developing countries choose means mentioned above, how does political leader carry out them in Korea? First of all, he has to do followings: 1.Groping for political unity. 2.Strive to reform the social trend. 3.Strengthening joint-conciousness among member of society. 4.Applying and developing political sub-structure. 5.Strengthening national education. If we should carry those, the political culture in Korea will be settled.
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김형훈 경찰대학교 2005 경찰학연구 Vol.0 No.9
It is necessary to prepare the legal control mechanism against abuse of police power in the process of law enforcement and to do activities of lookout for protecting the people’s fundamental rights. However, if there are no delegation of power from the outset with being afraid of abuse, any law enforcement to be expected will not go. On the contrary, we should recognize that if we let them accomplish their responsibility without power, exceeding performance might be happened for the professional sense of duty. There is no problem if police activities of checkup about suspect are nothing but arbitrary actions without no direct target of danger protection or criminal arrest. But if you try to blame the police man not to be able to arrest the wanted who passed in front of the police man, and to say that policeman should a certain whether the man who would like to buy tobacco or alcohol is juvenile or not, you should allow policeman necessary degree of power going side by side with adequate control mechanism by law. The way of making sure the effectiveness of questioning on policing is divided compulsion and sanction at large. It is desirable to allow the ultimate veto right about confirm of personal identity in the light of present legal emotion of citizen and to make indirect compulsory performance with sanction(administrative punishment) through the judgment made by judge against objector. Now, it is time to make clear the degree of citizen’s own expectation about law enforcement by public power and to decide the attitude of legislation about permitted limit of basic methods for law enforcement at the standpoint of the paymasters. Namely, the wisdom of third phase of administrative law called ‘The accord between special delegation and special limit against servant’ is necessary.
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使用者 責任에 관한 一考察 : 各國判例ㆍ學說을 中心으로
金熒薰 제주대학교 1973 논문집 Vol.5 No.-
The aim of this study is to stimulate the student's interest in the elementary principles by which we must all live, in the rules which govern our society. Everyone in a democracy should familiarize himself with the laws regulating his daily life. Related to the status of principlal and agent is the relationship of master and servant. A master is usually liable for injuries caused by the wrongful conduct of servants acting within the scope of their employment. When is a person a servant (or an employee) and when is he an independent contractor? A man working for another is a servant or employee when the master or employer has control of the method and means by which the work is done. If the man doing the work, however, retains control over the manner or method of doing the work, he would be held to be an independent contractor and under most circumstances the person for whom the work is being done would not be responsible for negligence or other wrongful acts. Bear in mind that the master(employer) is liable only for injuries caused by the wrongful acts of this servant (employee) when committed "within the scope of his employment"; that is, when they are of the same general nature as that authorized by the employer or are incidental to such employment. Acts of an employee are held to be within the scope of employment only within the particular locality of employment or in a locality not unreasonably distant. If an employee leaves the area of employment or deviates from his regular route for his own personal benefit, he may be acting beyond the scope of his employment. For example, a chauffeur, on an errand for this boss, driving on the left hand side of a double line and greatly exceeding the speed limit is still acting within the scope of employment and his employer may be responsible for the consequences of a serious accident. This rule is important in a majority of States which do not follow the rule that every owner of an automobile is liable for negligence of the person driving the car with the consent or permission of the owner. Finally, this article should assist law students who want an overview of the law of torts.
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