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패턴 스캐닝 레이저과 기존 방법을 이용한 광응고술 후 가토 유리체강의 염증성 사이토카인
최영락,변익수,이승욱,신민규,이지은,엄부섭,Young Rock Choi,MD,PhD,Ik Soo Byon,MD,Seung Uk Lee,MD,Min Kyu Shin,MD,Ji Eun Lee,MD,PhD,Boo Sup Oum,MD,PhD 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.1
Purpose: To compare concentration of cytokines in the vitreous of rabbit eyes after photocoagulation using a short-pulse pattern scanning laser (PASCAL) or a conventional laser. Methods: Laser photocoagulation was performed using PASCAL (duration 0.02 seconds) in the right eyes and a conventional laser (duration 0.1 seconds) in the left eyes of 13 pigmented rabbits. To obtain ophthalmoscopically similar mild burns, power was adjusted during the photocoagulation. The rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 3 or 7 days after photocoagulation to investigate histological changes. Levels of interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the vitreous humors of ten rabbits were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before treatment and at 1, 3 and 7 days after photocoagulation. Results: Histological changes were comparable between the two groups. IL-1β and TNF-α were not detectable. IL-6 did not change significantly. IL-8 increased at day 3 and day 7, but no significant difference was observed between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: When ophthalmoscopically similar mild burn intensity was achieved, conventional and PASCAL treatments of rabbit eyes caused no difference in intravitreal concentration of inflammatory cytokines.
최영락,이종우,이수현,안세환,이만희,김홍락 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2019 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.19 No.1
본 논문에서는 단위 전력증폭기를 여러 개 결합하여 높은 출력을 얻을 때 결합 손실을 최소화하여 증폭기의 효율을 높이는 방법에 대해 연구하였다. 구체적으로는 도파관과 cavity 구조로 되어있는 공간결합기를 이용한 Ka 대역 공간결합증폭기를 제안하였다. 제작된 공간결합증폭기는 Ka 대역 20W급의 SSPA로서 GaN bare die를 이용하여 설계된 5W급의 단위증폭모듈 8EA를 적용하였다. 그리고 Hybrid Radial 구조의 8-way 공간분배기와 공간결합기를 이용하여 단위증폭모듈을 결합하였다. 제작된 공간결합기의 출력 결합손실은 약 0.334dB이며 약 92.6%의 효율을 얻었다. 본 논문의 공간결합증폭기는 최대포화출력 10W, 전력부가효율 15%이상을 목표로 개발하였으며, 측정결과 최대포화출력 30W와 전력부가효율19%의 결과값을 얻었다. In this paper, we have studied how to improve the amplifiers efficiency by minimizing the combining loss when several unit power amplifiers are combined to obtain high output power. Specifically, we have developed Ka-band Spatial Combining Amplifier. The fabricated Spatial Combining Amplifier is a Ka-band 20W class SSPA, which uses a 5W class unit amplifier module 8EA designed using a GaN bare die. We also combined The unit amplifier module using 8-way spatial divider and combiner with a hybrid radial structure. The output combining loss of the fabricated spatial coupler is about 0.334dB, which is about 92.6% efficiency. In this paper, we developed a Spatial Combining Amplifier with a maximum saturation output of 10W and a power addition efficiency of over 15%. As a result, we achieved the maximum saturation output of 30W and the power addition efficiency of 19%.
최영락,한혜숙,안진영,김미경,최강현,이기형,김시욱,이기만 대한내과학회 2013 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.28 No.6
Background/Aims: Real-time, convex probe endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is used for the staging of malignant mediastinal lymph nodes. We evaluated the diagnostic efficacy and safety of EBUS-TBNA when used as an initial diagnostic tool. Methods: We retrospectively studied 56 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA as an initial diagnostic tool between August 2010 and December 2011. Procedure purpose were classified into four categories: 1) intrathoracic masses adjacent to the central airway; 2) enlarged lymph nodes for concurrent diagnosis and staging in suspected malignancy; 3) enlarged lymph nodes in suspected malignancy cases with inability to perform percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB); and 4) solely mediastinal masses/lymph nodes in lieu of mediastinoscopy. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA regardless of procedure purpose was calculated to be 83.9%. Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy of malignant disease was significantly higher than benign disease (93.9% vs. 70.6%, p < 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for each disease is as follows: tuberculosis,50%; sarcoidosis, 60%; aspergillosis, 100%; lung abscess, 100%; lung cancer,93%; and lymphoma, 100%. There were minor complications in seven patients during the EBUS-TBNA procedure. The complications included mild hypoxia and bleeding. Conclusions: In conclusion, EBUS-TBNA is a useful initial diagnostic tool for both benign and malignant diseases. EBUS-TBAN is also a very safe procedure and less invasive compared to mediastinoscopy or PCNB.
과민성 대장증후군의 병인론에 대한 고찰: 생물정신사회 모델의 이해와 한계
최영락,이상익,김시경,Choi, Young-Rak,Lee, Sang-Ick,Kim, Sie-Kyeong 한국정신신체의학회 2005 정신신체의학 Vol.13 No.1
연구목적 : 저자는 과민성 대장증후군을 가진 환자들의 병인론에 대한 문헌고찰을 통해 과민성 대장증후군을 생물정신사회 모델로 이해하고 그 한계를 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 저자는 1977년부터 2003년까지의 과민성 대장증후군에 대해 Pub-Med와 Kisep에 등록된 문헌을 고찰하였다. 결과: 과민성 대장증후군은 단일 병인론으로 설명될 수 없으며, 생물정신사회 모델은 과민성 대장증후군의 이해에 대해 새로운 관점을 제공하였다. 과민성 대장증후군에서 생물정신사회 모델의 생물학적 요인, 정신적 요인, 사회적 요인들은 서로 상호 작용하고 있고 각기 다른 정도로 기여하며, 영향을 미치고 있다. 세 요인들은 과민성 대장증후군에서 증상의 형성, 악화. 지속에 영향을 미치고 있으며 병인론, 증상경과, 치료결과에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 그러나 세 요인들을 치료에 적용하는 데는 많은 어려움을 가지고 있다. 결론: 생물정신사회 모델은 과민성 대장증후군을 가진 환자들을 이해하는데 기여하였으나, 치료적 적용에는 한계를 보이고 있다. 생물정신사회 모델은 실재적인 활용에 많은 한계가 있으므로 생물정신사회적 관점에 대한 보다 진보된 연구가 필요할 것이다. Objectives The author aimed to investigate and understand the limitations of the biopsychosocial model for irritable bowel syndrome by reviewing the priorly reported etiologies in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). Methods The author reviewed all possible previous studies related to the investigation regarding IBS in the Pub-med & Kisep database from 1977 to 2003. Results : It was impossible that patients with IBS were diagnosed and traced to a single etiology. So, the biopsychosocial model was suggested to be a new paradigm for IBS. Biological, psychological and social factors are interplaying and contributing to the biopsychosocial model affecting each other, thus affecting the biopsychosocial model. Three factors were necessary for understanding the etiology, process of symptoms and clinical outcome of IBS by virtue of their key roles in the developing, precipitating and perpetuating of the illness. However, any treatment application for those three factors faces many obstacles to be overcome. Conclusion : The biopsychosocial model contributed relatively much to the explanation but little to the treatment application of patients with IBS. Therefore, because there seems to be little practical use at present, the author believes biopsychosocial aspects should be researched further.