Design of Micro Biopsy Device for Wireless Autonomous Endoscope

Wen-Wen Chen,Guo-Zheng Yan,Hua Liu,Ping-Ping Jiang,Zhi-Wu Wang 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

Well-established technology that provides assistance from outside the patient may soon give way to alternative approaches that bythe wireless robotic mechanisms inside the patient through natural orifices. For this study, two kinds of micro biopsy mechanisms weredeveloped for capsule endoscope which could traverse the gut environment automatically. This mobility allows the biopsy device tomove to the area of interest to sample specific tissues. Based on the medical and mechanism considerations, we concerned on designprecise biopsy jaw with sufficient cutting force, and the biopsy process should be safe, repeatable and visible. The lead-screw linkagesystem that actuated jaw of biopsy allowing for large force production. Using one micro-motor, the biopsy process was carried outquickly by three motions: stretching to sampling point; bite and cutting off; withdrawing into capsule body with the sample. With thecontrol and vision system, the biopsy process could compete automatically. The robot was capable of traversing in the gut environmentwirelessly and had been successfully used to biopsy gut tissue in vitro. In addition, experimental analysis of the biopsy mechanismshowed good results towards more elaborate tissue manipulation in the future.

Continuous Conversion of Rice Starch Hydrolysate to 2-keto-D-gluconic Acid by Arthrobacter globiformis C224

Wen-Hua Teng,Wen-Jing Sun,Bin Yu,Fengjie Cui,Jing-Ya Qian,Jingze Liu,Liang Wang,Xiang-Hui Qi,Hua Wei 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.4

A continuous conversion process of rice starch hydrolysate to 2-keto-D-gluconic acid (2KGA) by Arthrobacter globiformis C224 was developed. Its feasibility for industrial application was also evaluated. Results showed that the initial cell concentration exceeding 1.25 g/L met the continuous 2KGA production at a stable dilution rate and media composition, while the dilution rate and feeding glucose concentration had a significant effect on 2KGA production performance. The optimal operating parameters were obtained as: 0.090/h of dilution rate and 171.0 g/L of feeding glucose concentration. Under these conditions, the steady state had a produced 2KGA concentration of 124.74 g/L, average volumetric productivity of 11.23 g/L/h,and yield of 0.97 g/g. In conclusion, continuous 2KGA production by the A. globiformis C224 strain would be a superior industrial process for the production of 2KGA in terms of its high 2KGA productivity and yield.

New Safrole Oxide Derivatives: Synthesis and in vitro Antiproliferative Activities on A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells

Wang, Li-Ying,Wang, Xiu-Hua,Tan, Jia-Lian,Xia, Shuai,Sun, Heng-Zhi,Shi, Jin-Wen,Jiang, Ming-Dong,Fang, Liang,Zuo, Hua,Dupati, Gautam,Jang, Kiwan,Shin, Dong-Soo Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.11

A number of novel small molecules, safrole oxide derivatives 4a-c, 6a-c, 9a-h, were synthesized by the reaction of safrole oxide with anilines 3 and 5, or its alkyl allyl ether derivative 7 with alkyl bromide 8 in moderate yields. The antiproliferative effects of all the target molecules on A549 cell growth were investigated and it was found that the 14 novel compounds could suppress A549 lung cancer cell growth. Among them, compound 6b was the most effective compound in inhibiting the proliferation of A549 cells.

Effects of Modafinil on Behavioral Learning and Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission in Rats

Wen-Wen Yan,Li-Hua Yao,Chong Chen,Hai-Xia Wang,Chu-Hua Li,Jun-Ni Huang,Peng Xiao,Cheng-Yi Liu 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2015 International Neurourology Journal Vol.19 No.4

Purpose: Modafinil is a wake-promoting agent that has been proposed to improve cognitive performance at the preclinical and clinical levels. Since there is insufficient evidence for modafinil to be regarded as a cognitive enhancer, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic modafinil administration on behavioral learning in healthy adult rats. Methods: Y-maze training was used to assess learning performance, and the whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to assess synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 region of rats. Results: Intraperitoneal administration of modafinil at 200 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg significantly improved learning performance. Furthermore, perfusion with 1mM modafinil enhanced the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous postsynaptic currents and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices. However, the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons were inhibited by treatment with 1mM modafinil. Conclusions: These results indicate that modafinil improves learning and memory in rats possibly by enhancing glutamatergic excitatory synaptic transmission and inhibiting GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic) inhibitory synaptic transmission.

Recommendations on management of gynecological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from Chinese gynecological oncologists

Yingmei Wang,Shiqian Zhang,Lihui Wei,Zhongqiu Lin,Xinyu Wang,Jianliu Wang,Keqin Hua,Manhua Cu,Jiandong Wang,Shixuan Wang,Wen Di,Yudong Wang,Ruifang An,Mingrong Xi,Ruixia Guo,Qi Zhou,Xing Xie,Fengxia X 대한부인종양학회 2020 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.31 No.4

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratorysyndrome coronavirus 2 has rapidly spread globally. Cancer patients are at a higher risk ofbeing infected with the coronavirus and are more likely to develop severe complications, ascompared to the general population. The increasing spread of COVID-19 presents challengesfor the clinical care of patients with gynecological malignancies. Concerted efforts should beput into managing gynecological malignancies in an orderly manner by strictly implementingthe measures that are specifically developed for controlling the spread of COVID-19. We havedrafted Recommendations on Management of Gynecological Malignancies during the COVID-19 Pandemicbased on our experience on controlling COVID-19 pandemic in China. We recommendthat patients with gynecological malignancies should be managed in hierarchical andindividualized manners in combination with local conditions related to COVID-19. Medicalcare decision should be balanced between controlling COVID-19 pandemic spread and timelydiagnosis and treatment for gynecologic oncology patients.

제11회 한,중 형법 국제 학술심포지엄 : 다국적기업 범죄 및 효과적인 저지를 논함

왕원화 ( Wen Hua Wang ) 한국비교형사법학회 2013 비교형사법연구 Vol.15 No.2

중국이 현재 직면한 다국적기업 범죄는 중국에 투자한 다국적기업 범죄와 쩌우추취(走出去, 밖으로 나가다, 이하 ‘해외진출’) 회사범죄를 포함하고 있다. 그러나 이 두 종류의 다국적기업 범죄를 조사하여 처리하는데 많은 어려움이 있다. 다국적기업 범죄를 효과적으로 저지할 수 있는 조치로 형법적인 측면에서는 정확하게 법률을 적용함과 동시에 다국적기업의 모회사·자회사·지사 및 기타구성원 등 서로 다른 주체에 대한 형사책임을 엄격하게 구분하는 것이고, 형사정책적인 측면에서는 평등하게 보호함과 동시에, 중국에 투자하여 경영하는 다국적기업에 대하여 효과적으로 관리하고, 중국의 해외진출기업에 대해서는 준법경영을 하도록 촉구하는 것이다. 다국적기업 범죄에 대한 유형화(類型化)연구를 통하여 효과적으로 다국적기업 범죄를 저지하고, 국제화 과정 중에 다국적기업의 ‘준법’경영과 건전한 발전을 촉진시켜야 한다. 지난 몇 년간 중국 형법학계에서는 ‘단위범죄’에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되어 왔다. 그 이유를 분석해 보면 사법실무 중에 단위범죄의 주체가 회사·기업이기 때문임을 알 수 있다. 한층 더 분석을 해보면 실질적으로 가장 먼저 처벌 받는 것은 민영회사·기업이고, 그 다음으로 처벌받는 것은 국유회사·기업으로 중국에 투자하는 회사·기업에 대해서는 형사책임을 추궁하는 경우가 굉장히 드물며, 해외로 진출한 중국의 회사·기업에 대해서는 형사책임을 추궁하는 경우가 더욱 드물었음을 알 수 있다. 경제세계화라는 배경 하에 중국기업은 중국 시장에 진입한 다국적기업과의 경쟁을 피할 수 없을 뿐만 아니라 해외로 진출하여 다국적으로 경영해야 하는 상황과 마주해야 한다. 이 두 가지 ``상반``되는 방향의 다국적기업 경제활동 중에는 모두 각양각색의 다국적기업 범죄가 존재한다. 본문의 연구대상은 중국에 투자하여 경영하고 있는 회사의 범죄와 중국의 해외진출회사의 범죄 두 가지이다. 다국적기업의 중국국내 투자는 주로 중외합자경영기업, 중외합작경영기업, 외자기업, 중외합작개발, 외국회사의 지사기구, 외상투자형회사, 외자투자주식 유한회사 그리고 외자합병 등 8가지 형식을 통하여 이루어진다. 이러한 기업은 모두 중국법에 의거하여 중국경내에 설립된 기업으로 특성상 중국기업에 속하며, 기업의 운영은 모두 중국법의 규정을 따라야 하기 때문에 중국은 중국 국내에 있는 다국적기업에 대하여 규제할 권한이 있다. 글로벌경제 일체화 시대가 도래됨에 따라 세계경제에서 다국적기업의 지위와 역할이 점점 중요해지고 있다. 개혁개방 이후, 중국의 경제는 고속으로 발전하여 세계에서 가장 빠르게 성장하는 시장이 되었다. 적지 않은 다국적기업이 중국시장에 투자하여 무역활동에 종사하기 시작하였고, 중국에 자금·기술·지식·관리·기업문화 등을 제공하였으며, 중국의 취업과 세금수익을 촉진시킴과 동시에 중국경제체제의 개혁과 기업경영 메커니즘의 전환을 촉진시켰다. “최근 10년 동안 중국에 대한 외국의 투자는 큰 발전이 있었는데, 세계무역기구(WTO)에 가입한 해, 중국은 약 400억 달러의 외자를 유치하였고, 2010년에는 이 수치가 1057억 달러에 달하였다.”1) 그러나 모든 사물은 양면성을 띄듯이 다국적기업이 중국시장에 진출함과 동시에 적지 않은 문제들이 생기기 시작하였는데 특히 다국적기업과 다국적기업의 구성원들이 저지른 경제범죄 문제에 대해서 모국, 투자대상국, 관련국제 조직이 공동으로 규제하고 감독 및 관리를 실시하여야 한다. 다른 한편으로 중국국내 일부회사·기업들의 고위관리자들이 해외로 ‘추취(出去, 진출)’할 때, 실질적으로 ‘쩌우추취(걸어나가다)’가 아닌 ‘파오추취(포出去, 뛰쳐 나가다)’하고 있으며 -쩌쟝성(浙江省)일대에서는 이를 ‘파오루(포路, 길을 달리다)’라고 표현하기도 한다- 이는 막대한 채무가 있거나 심지어 죄를 저지르고 해외로 도피하는 것을 가리키는데, 일반적으로 이들은 공중저금불법 취득죄, 집자(集資)사기죄, 노동임금체불죄, 불법대출죄 등을 저지른 것으로 조사되었다. 이미 해외로 진출한 다국적기업 역시 법률적 위험부담이나 감독 및 관리 등 방면의 문제에 직면함과 동시에 다국적 경제범죄 문제에도 직면하고 있다. 일부 중국국내의 회사·기업은 여러 경로를 통하여 겉모습만 바꾸고 해외로 진출하여 기업을 설립하는데, 이럴 경우 당해 기업은 중국과 해당국가의 형법 규정을 위반할 가능성이 있어 형사고발의 위험에 직면하여야 한다. 다국적 기업 범죄에 대하여 유형화된 연구를 진행하는 목적은 효과적으로 다국적기업 범죄를 저지하고 경제세계화의 건전한 발전을 촉진하기 위함이다. The two categories of the crimes of transnational corporations that our nation are faced with are crimes that multinational corporations committed in Chinese territory and that Chinese corporations committed abroad. However, the process of investigating and punishing such crimes are often stuck in predicament. In regard of criminal law, the major measure against such crimes is applying the laws accurately to distinguish the criminal liability of different subjects, for instance, parent companies, subsidiaries, affiliates, as well as members thereof. As to criminal policy, on the one hand, equal protection and effective regulations should be applied to transnational corporations that bear investments in China. On the other hand, Chinese corporations operated abroad should be supervised to observe local laws. Through the classification of crimes of transnational cooperation, effective measures against such crimes would arise, promoting the regulated operation of transnational cooperation in the process of economic globalization.

Implementation of online model updating with ANN method in substructure pseudo-dynamic hybrid simulation

Yan Hua Wang,Jing Lv,Yan Feng,Bo Wen Dai,Cheng Wang,Jing Wu,Zi Yan Chen 국제구조공학회 2021 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.28 No.2

Substructure pseudo-dynamic hybrid simulation (SPDHS) is an advanced structural seismic testing method which combines physical experiment and numerical simulation. Generally, the key components which display nonlinearity first are taken as experimental substructures for actual test, and the remaining parts are modeled in simulation. Model updating techniques can be effectively applied to enhance the model precision of nonlinear numerical elements. Specifically, the constitutive model of the experimental substructure is identified online by the instantaneously-measured data, and the corresponding numerical elements with similar hysteretic behaviors are updated synchronously. Artificial neural network (ANN) can recognize the system which cannot be represented by definite numerical model, and thus avoids the structural response distortion caused by the inherent numerical model defects. In this study, a framework for online model updating in SPDHS with ANN method is expanded to implement actual test validation. Moreover, the effectiveness of ANN method is demonstrated by practical tests of a two-story frame model with bending dampers. Additionally, the unscented Kalman filter technique and offline ANN identification approach are both examined in the test validation. The experimental results show that, under the identical loading history, the online ANN method can significantly reduce the model errors and improve the accuracy of SPDHS.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Antibiotic-Impregnated Shunt Catheters on Anti-Infective Effect of Hydrocephalus Shunt

Zhou, Wen-xiu,Hou, Wen-bo,Zhou, Chao,Yin, Yu-xia,Lu, Shou-tao,Liu, Guang,Fang, Yi,Li, Jian-wen,Wang, Yan,Liu, Ai-hua,Zhang, Hai-jun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2021 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.64 No.2

Objective : Shunt infection is a common complication while treating hydrocephalus. The antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheter (AISC) was designed to reduce shunt infection rate. A meta-analysis was conducted to study the effectiveness of AISCs in reduction of shunt infection in terms of age, follow-up time and high-risk patient population. Methods : This study reviewed literature from three databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (from 2000 to March 2019). Clinical studies from controlled trials for shunt operation were included in this analysis. A subgroup analysis was performed based on the patient's age, follow-up time and high-risk population. The fixed effect in RevMan 5.3 software (Cochrane Collaboration) was used for this meta-analysis. Results : This study included 19 controlled clinical trials including 10105 operations. The analysis demonstrated that AISC could reduce the infection rate in shunt surgery compared to standard shunt catheter (non-AISC) from 8.13% to 4.09% (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.58; p=0.01; I2=46%). Subgroup analysis of different age groups showed that AISC had significant antimicrobial effects in all three groups (adult, infant, and adolescent). Follow-up time analysis showed that AISC was effective in preventing early shunt infections (within 6 months after implant). AISC is more effective in high-risk population (OR, 0.24;95% CI, 0.14-0.40; p=0.60; I2=0%) than in general patient population. Conclusion : The results of meta-analysis indicated that AISC is an effective method for reducing shunt infection. We recommend that AISC should be considered for use in infants and high-risk groups. For adult patients, the choice for AISC could be determined based on the treatment cost.

Three-Port Laparoscopic Exploration is not Sufficient for Patients with T4 Gastric Cancer

Huang, Hua,Jin, Jie-Jie,Long, Zi-Wen,Wang, Wei,Cai, Hong,Liu, Xiao-Wen,Yu, Hong-Mei,Zhang, Li-Wen,Wang, Ya-Nong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.19

Gastric cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer death. The majority of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma in China present with advanced disease. Ruling out unresectable cancers from an unnecessary "open" exploration is very important. The aim of this study was to assess the value of five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration in T4 gastric cancer in comparison with three-port laparoscopic exploration and laparotomy exploration. We conducted a retrospective study on 126 patients with T4 stage scheduled for D2 curative gastrectomy based on computed tomography (CT) staging at Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, from Apr. 2011 to Apr. 2013. Laparotomy exploration (Group I), three-port laparoscopic exploration (Group II) or five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration (Group III) were performed prior to radical gastrectomy. Accuracy rate for feasibility of D2 curative gastrectomy in laparotomy exploration and five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration groups was higher than that in the three-port laparoscopic exploration group. Five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration group had the highest accuracy resection rate (Group I vs Group II vs Group III,92.6% vs78.6% vs 97.7%; p<0.05) and shorter length of hospitalization (Group I vs Group II vs Group III, $9.58{\pm}4.17$ vs $6.13{\pm}2.85$ vs $5.00{\pm}1.81$; p<0.001). Three-port laparoscopic exploration has low accuracy rate for assessing feasibility of D2 curative gastrectomy and five-port anatomical laparoscopic exploration should be performed on patients with T4 gastric cancer.

테러활동 범죄의 징벌과 방범 -원한 범죄를 시각으로-

왕문화 ( Wang Wen Hua ) 한국비교형사법학회 2014 비교형사법연구 Vol.16 No.2

If we define "hate crime" as a type of crime motivated by hatred, the vast majority of crimes of terrorism are hate crimes. Crimes of terrorism driven by hatred seriously hurt the feelings among the people, cause individual, family and society, national tragedy and seriously endanger the security of mankind. As with other crimes, it’s unrealistic to eliminate hatred or eliminate crimes of terrorism. However, while adopting measures such as criminal law or criminal policies, we have to substantially reduce hatred and crimes of terrorism driven by hatred.