영어 어휘 의미 정보와 피치 액센트

전윤실,김기호,이용재 한국음성과학회 2003 음성과학 Vol.10 No.3

In this paper, we examine if the lexical information of the verb and its noun object affects the pitch accent patterns of the verb phrase focus. Three types of verb-object dominations with different semantic weights are discussed: when the verbs have optional direct objects, when the objects have the greater semantic weight elative to verbs, and when the verbs and the objects have equal semantic weight. Argument-structure-based works note that the pith accent location in a focused phrase is closely related to the argument structure and contextual information. For example, it has been agued that contextually new noun objects receive accent while given noun objects don't. Contrary to nouns, verbs can be accented or not in verb phrase focus regardless of whether they are given information or new information (Selkirk 1984, 1992). However, the production experiment in this paper how that the accenting of verbs is not fully optional, but influenced by the lexical semantic information of the verbs. The accenting of noun objects with given information is possible and the deaccenting of new noun objects also occurs depending on the lexical information of the noun objects. The results demonstrate that in addition to argument structure and information by means of context sentences, the lexical semantic information of words influences the pitch accent location in focused phrase.

노인의 운동유형에 따른 혈관탄성과 혈압의 반응

전용수,김일곤,이종호,차진 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The purpose of this study was to analyze the response of Vascular Compliance and blood pressure on aerobic, muscular endurance, stretching exercise and to ascertain the best effects of exercise for improve vascular health in the Elderly men, The subjects were 20 old men, I measured blood pressure and vascular compliance pre and post exercise. For the data, all the measurement were represented by mean(M) and standard deviation(SD) using SPSS package(version 10.0). Statistical techniques for data analysis were paired t-test to determine the difference in pre-post data into group and were one-way ANOVA to determine the rank between group, The Conclusions of this study were as follows; 1. The vascular compliance(p<.01) and blood pressure(p<.05) showed significant differences between pre and post exercise in aerobic exercise groups, 2, The vascular compliance(p<.000) and blood pressure(p<.01) showed significant differences between pre and post exercise in muscular endurance exercise. 3. The vascular compliance(p<.000) and the systolic blood(p<.01) showed significant differences between pre and post exercise in stretching exercise, But diastolic blood pressure showed no significant(p<.437) differences between pre and post exercise. 4. The vascular compliance showed significant(p<.05) only left ankle which differences in order of muscular endurance, stretching, aerobic post-exercise between group. The systolic blood pressure showed significant(p<.001) which differences in order of aerobic, muscular endurance, stretching and the diastolic blood pressure showed significant(p<.01) which differences in order of muscular endurance, aerobic, stretching past-exercise between group.

고온 초전도체 Y₁Ba₂Cu₃O_7-δ(CdO)_x의 핵사중극 상호작용 연구

전인,김복수,노태호,김영훈,서용문,송승기,박영민 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 2000 자연과학논문집 Vol.19 No.-

CdO가 첨가된 고온 초전도체 Y1Ba2CU3O7-δ(CdO)x(x=0.00,0.09,0.22,0.34,0.42,0.49)를 고상 반응법으로 제작하여 상온에서 Cu 핵사중극 공명 실험을 하였다. 구리-산소 평면에 있는 63Cu(2)의 핵사중극 공명 진동수는 31.13∼31.39 MHz이고, 65Cu(2)의 공명 진동수는 28.82∼29.06 MHz이었다. 이러한 공명 진동수는 χ가 증가할수록 높은 진동수 방향으로 이동하였다. 63Cu(2)과 65Cu(2)의 NQR 공명 진동수의 비는 모든 시료가 1.08로 63Cu과 65Cu의 핵 사중극 모멘트의 비와 같았다. 구리-산소 사슬에 있는 63Cu(1)의 공명 진동수는 22.15~22.36 MHz에서 관측되었는데, χ에 따른 공명 진동수의 이동 경향은 63Cu(2)과 65Cu(2)의 경우와 비슷하였다. 선폭은 63Cu(2)과 65Cu(2)그리고 63Cu(1)의 경우 모두 약 200∼300 kHz고, 전반적으로 χ가 증가할 수록 감소하였다. 스핀-에코 방법으로 구한 스핀-스핀 이완 시간 T2는 χ가 증가함에 따라 약간씩 증가하였다. We have studied Cu-NQR in CdO-mixed high-Tc superconductor Y1Ba2Cu3O7-δ(CdO)x(x=0.00, 0.09, 0.22, 0.34, 0.42, 0.49) at room temperature prepared by solid state reaction method. In the Cu-O plane, 63Cu(2)-NQR frequencies were measured to be in the range of 31.13-31.39 MHz and those of 65Cu(2) were in the range of 28.82-29.06 MHz. The position of spectrum-peaks shifted to the higher frequency with increasing χ. The ratio of 63Cu(2) and 65Cu(2)-NQR frequencies have the value of 1.08 which is equal to the ratio of 63Cu(2) and 65Cu(2) nuclear quadrupole moment for all samples. The resonance frequencies of 63Cu(1) in the Cu-O chain have been observed in the range of 22.15-22.36 MHz and the tendency of resonance frequency behaviour with χ were nearly the same for both 63Cu(2) and 65Cu(2). The line-widths of 63Cu(2), 65Cu(2) and 63Cu(1) were observed to the value of 200∼300 kHz and they decreased with increasing χ. The spin-spin relaxation time T2 obtained by spin-echo method increased slightly with increasing χ.

적응 뉴럴-퍼지 제어시스템의 설계에 관한 연구

전홍태,심귀보,김용호,김성현,최영길 중앙대학교 생산공학연구소 1992 생산공학연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.2

지능 제어기를 구현하기 위한 한 방법으로 본 논문은 퍼지 논리와 신경망 제어기법을 합성 결합한 새로운 형태의 FNC(Fuzzy-Neural Controller)와 적응 뉴럴-퍼지 제어 방식을 제안한다. 제안되는 뉴럴-퍼지 시스템은 적응성과 학습능력의 두가지 주요한 기능을 갖는다. 먼저 FNC에서의 퍼지 규칙의 전건부와 후건부는 클러스터링 방법과 다층신경망에 의해 구현된다. 그리고 MNN(Model Neural Network)에서의 다층신경망은 수학적 모델링이 어려운 플랜트의 상태를 동정하는데 도입하고 동적인 환경에 적응하도록 제어기에 교사 신호를 제공한다. FNC와 MNN으로 구성된 적응 제어시스템은 학습 알고리듬으로 역전파 학습 알고리듬이 사용된다. 제안된 방식의 효용성은 2 d.o.f 로보트 매니퓰레이터와 cart-pole의 모의 실험으로 입증된다. As an approach to develope the intelligent control scheme, this paper will propose an adaptive neural-fuzzy control scheme. The proposed neural-fuzzy control system, which consists of the Fuzzy-Neural Controller(FNC) and Model Neural Network(MNN), has two important characteristics of adaptation and learning. In the FNC, the antecedence and consequence of the fuzzy rule are constructed by a clustering method and a multi-layer neural network. And in the MNN, a multi-layer neural network is utilized to identify a unknown controlled plant and provides the FNC with the teaching signal. After constructing the adaptive control system using the FNC and the MNN, the error back propagation algorithm has been adopted as a learning technique. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme will be demonstrated by computer simulations of a cart-pole and a two d.o.f. robot manipulator.

자궁내막에 발생한 점막 연관 림프조직 (MALT) 림프종 1예

전균호,조현진,박성균,김천복,김대연,김종혁,김용만,김영탁,목정은,남주현 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 2003 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.14 No.4

Non-Hodgkin's 림프종의 약 40%는 결절외(extranodal) 림프종으로 대개 위장관에서 발생하며 이들 중 점막 연관 림프조직(mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue: MALT)에서 기원한 림프종은 MALT 림프종으로 분류된다. 위 외의 부위에서 원발성으로 발생하는 MALT 림프종은 매우 드물지만 실제 거의 모든 신체 장기에 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있는데, 가장 흔한 부위인 위 외에도 폐, 갑상선, 침샘, 눈물샘에 발생하고, 드물게 안구, 유방, 방광, 신장, 흉선 등에도 보고된 바 있다. MALT 림프종은 오랜 기간동안 원격 전이하지 않고 국소 병변으로 남아 있는 특징이 있어 치료 방향 또한 국소 병변의 치료에 집중되며, 예후도 림프절 기원의 림프종에 비해 양호한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 저자 등은 자궁 내막에 원발성으로 발생한 MALT 림프종 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 이를 보고하고자 한다. Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma can rarely develop primarily in extranodal sites other than stomach which is the most common site for it. Other rare primary sites are small intestine, colorectum, esophagus, lung, thyroid, salivary gland, lacrymal gland, breast and skin. MALT lymphoma represents a distinct clinicopathologic features: it is usually localized to their original site for a long time and shows much more favorable prognosis than lymphoma at other site, but some MALT lymphoma can arise simultaneously or successively in different organ or give rise to another MALT lymphoma of other organ and can be multifocally disseminated or recurred. We report a very rare case of high grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of the uterine endometrium, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical assay.

후부요도 판막증 2례

유용덕,이창호,전윤수,이남규 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Posterial urethal valves represent the most common post-vesical obstructive malformation. One of the most credited pathological theories considers them an anomalous insertion of mesonephric duct into the cloca or incomplete involution of plicae colliculi. Urinary tract disorders that following posterior urethral valves include hydrouretheronephrosis and functional impairment of the entire urinary tract with consequent renal failure. Treatment of posterior urethral valves consists in their resection. In low-weight patients or in case of poor general condition, temporary external urinary bypass is feasible.

Pull-out test에 의해 형성된 리드프레임/EMC 계면의 파손경로에 대한 형성과정 해석

이호영,박영배,전인수,김용협 대한금속재료학회 2005 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.43 No.3

Two types of copper-oxide layers were formed on the surface of a copper-based leadframe sheets by immersing them in two kinds of hot alkaline solutions. The oxide-coated leadframe sheets were molded with EMC (Epoxy Molding Compound), and the molded bodies were machined to form pull-out specimens for the purpose of measuring the adhesion strength between oxide-coated leadframe and EMC. After the pull-out tests, fracture surfaces were analyzed using various techniques to find out the failure loci, and subsequently, finite element modeling was carried out to simulate failure loci forming process. The results revealed that phase angle is a main factor affecting failure locus. Local phase angle changes resulted in locally different failure loci. (Received November 26, 2004)

Chlorpromazine이 백서 해마에서 전기경련 충격에 의한 MAPK 타이로신 인산화에 미치는 영향

주연호,정성훈,전송희,강웅구,김용식,김상욱,박주배 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.2

Object : In order to examine the interaction mechanisms of electroconvulsive shock(ECS) and antipsychotic drug at the level of molecular biology, we observed the effect of chlorpromazine pre-treatment on the activation of mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) induced by electroconvulsive shock(ECS) in rat hippocampus Method : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups. To the experimental group chlorpromazine(20㎎/㎏) was given intraperitoneally, and to the control distilled water was given instead. Thirty minutes later, ECS was given and the hippocampus was dissected out 2 minutes thereafter. Immunoblotting with antiphosphotyrosine antibody was carried out, and the signal intensity at 42kDa band was quantitized using densitometer. The obtained result was compared by student t-test between the experimental and the control group. The absolute amount of MAPK was measured by immunoblotting with anti-MAPK antibody. Result : The tyrosine phosphorylation of MAPK reached peak at 2 minutes after ECS. However, in the chlorpromazine pre-treated group, the peak level of MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation was significantly attenuated(t=-3.12, df=14, p=0.008) compared to the control. In contrast to this, the absolute amount of MAPK did not differ between the pretreated and the control group. Conclusion : Chlorpromazine attenuated the tyrosine phosphorylation of MAPK by ECS. This finding seems to be related to the fact that chlorpromazine pre-treatment changed the cfos expression by ECS in rat brain. Antipsychotic drug and ECS might interact at the level of MAPK signal transduction system, and this might explained the observed synergistic effect of two treatment modality.

유전 알고리듬을 이용한 퍼지 규칙 베이스의 자동생성

김용호,심귀보,전홍태,박세희 중앙대학교 생산공학연구소 1992 생산공학연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

Fuzzy logic rule based controller has many desirable advantages, which are simple to implement on the real time and need not the information of structure and dynamic characteristics of the system. Thus, nowadays, the scops of the application of the fuzzy logic controller becomes enlarged. But, if the controlled plant is a time-varying/nonlinear system, it is not easy to construct the fuzzy logic rules which need the knowledge of an expert. In this paper, an approach by which the logic control rules can be auto-generated using the genetic algorithm that is known to be very effective in the optimization problem will be proposed and the effectiveness of the proposed approach will be verified by computer simulation of the 2 d.o.f. planner robot.

퍼지-뉴럴 융합을 이용한 제어시스템의 설계

김용호,강훈,전홍태,임광우 중앙대학교 생산공학연구소 1992 생산공학연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

본 논문에서는 퍼지 논리와 신경회로망의 장점들을 결합한 퍼지-신경망(fuzzy-neural network;FNN)을 제안한다. FNN의 기본적인 구조는 퍼지 제어기의 규칙베이스와 추론의 과정을 신경회로망을 이용하여 구현한 것이며 퍼지 제어기의 중요한 매개변수들은 신경회로망의 가중치들로 표현된다. 그리고, FNN과 일반적인 선형제어기인 P-제어기를 병렬로 연결한 새로운 형태의 퍼지-뉴럴 하이브리드 제어기를 설계한다. 제안한 구조에서 FNN의 규칙베이스는 오차 역전파 학습 알고리듬에 의하여 자동생성된다. 또한, FNN과 병렬 연결한 P-제어기는 FNN의 규칙베이스가 완전히 생성되기 전인 초기상태에서 제어기의 안정성을 보장 할 것이다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법의 효율성은 2자유도 평면 로봇 매니퓰레이터를 이용한 컴퓨터 모의 실험을 통해 입증된다. In this paper we propose a fuzzy-neural network(FNN) which includes both advantages of the fuzzy logic and the neural network. The basic idea of the FNN is to realize the fuzzy rule-base and the process of reasoning by neural network and to make the corresponding parameters be expressed by the connection weights of neural network. After constructing the FNN, a novel controller consisting of a conventional P-controller and a FNN is explained. In this control scheme, the rule-base of a FNN are automatically generated by error back-propagation algorithm. Also the parallel connection of the P-controller and the FNN can guarantee the stability of a plant at initial stage before the rules are completely created. Finally the effectiveness of the proposed strategy will be verified by computer simulations using a 2 degree of freedom robot manipulator.