돈분뇨 액비 시용이 양파의 생육, 양분흡수량 및 토양 화학성에 미치는 영향

이종태(Jong Tae Lee),하인종(In Jong Ha),김희대(Hee Dae Kim),문진성(Jin Seong Moon),김우일(Woo Il Kim),송원두(Won Doo Song) 한국원예학회 2006 원예과학기술지 Vol.24 No.2

벼와 양파 2모작 논토양에서 효율적인 돈분뇨 액비 시용을 위하여 액비 시용에 따른 양파의 생육, 양분흡수량 변화와 토양의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 사용된 액비의 질소, 인산 및 칼륨 함량은 각각 4.2, 0.34, 1.2g kg⁻¹ 등이었다. 추비용 액비는 시용 10일 전에 물로 2배 희석하여 월 2회씩 4회와 6회로 나누어 시용하였다. 기비는 질소표준시비량 기준으로 19,280kg ha⁻¹로 시용하였으며 추비에 사용된 액비량은 101,910kg ha⁻¹이었다. 양파의 초장은 정식 136일 후부터 186일까지 급격히 증가하였으며 화학비료구, 액비기비+화학비료 추비구 및 액비기비+액비 4회 추비구 간에는 차이가 없었으나 무비구와 액비전량 기비구는 양분부족으로 생육이 저조하였다. 구 비대초기의 구경은 무비구에서 가장 컸으나 그 이후 화학비료구와 액비시용구에서 크게 증가하였다. 엽 생체중의 변화는 초장과 유사한 경향을 보인 반면 구 생체중은 구경과 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 초장과 엽중은 화학비료구와 액비전량 기비구 및 액비기비+액비 6회 추비구간 다소 작았으나 구경, 구중 및 엽수는 처리간 차이가 뚜렷하지 않았다. 양파 구와 잎의 양분흡수량은 전 생육기간에 시그모이드 형을 나타내었으며 잎과 구의 양분흡수량은 각각 잎과 구의 생육이 진전됨에 따라 증가하는 경향이었다. 화학비료구와 액비기비+화학비료 추비구 및 액비 4회 추비구간에 양분흡수량의 차이는 없었고 액비전량 기비구에서 잎의 질소와 칼륨흡수량이, 구의 질소흡수량이 화학비료구보다 적었다. 무비구는 질소, 칼륨 및 마그네슘 흡수량이 다른 처리구보다 적었다. 액비기비+액비 4회 추비구에서 질소와 인산이용률이 각각 23.5%, 13.2%로 가장 높았으나 액비기비+액비 4회 추비구에서 칼륨이용률이 높았고 상품 수량도 55.0Mg ha⁻¹로 가장 많았다. 구의 질소, 인산 및 칼륨함량은 생육이 진전됨에 감소하는 경향이었고 잎의 질소함량은 생육초기에 가장 많은 반면 칼륨함량은 구비대 초기에 가장 많았다. 수확 후 토양 pH, 질산태 질소, 교환성 칼륨 및 EC 농도는 화학비료구보다 액비시용구에서 약간 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때 돈분뇨 액비를 기비로 시용하고 3배 희석한 액비를 2월과 3월에 4회 추비하면 균형적인 양분공급이 가능하고 적정 수량도 확보할 수있었다. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of liquid pig manure (LPM) on the nutrient uptake, yield of onion and soil properties. The LPM applied to onion field contained 4.2 g kg⁻¹ N, 0.34 g kg⁻¹ P, 1.2 g kg⁻¹ K and it was diluted with water by 1:2 for top-dressing, which was applied separately 4 or 6 times from February to April. The LPM application rate for basal fertilization was 19,280 kg ha⁻¹ which included 80 kg N, 6.6 kg P, and 22 kg K. The application rate for top-dressing was 101,910 kg ha⁻¹ which included 160 kg N, 13 kg P, and 53 kg K. The plant height was not almost different among treatments until 136 days after planting. Thereafter, it enlarged abruptly until 186 days, on May 4. The significant difference among CF and LPM + top-dressing by CF or LPM I was not shown, but no fertilizer and LPM only (it was applied totally as basal fertilization) made plant height of onion lessen at the maximum growth stage because of insufficient nutrients. The plant diameter increased after 136 days, and there was a significant difference between CF or LPM and no fertilizer from 186 days after planting. The leaf weight was similar tendency to plant height while bulb weight was similar to plant diameter. The amount of nutrient uptake in leaf coincided with leaf growth and the nutrient uptake in bulb swelled simultaneously with bulb growth. The difference between CF and LPM + top-dressing by CF or LPM I was not significant in nutrient uptake of onion leaf and bulb. But LPM only decreased in nitrogen and potassium of leaf and in nitrogen of bulb. And no fertilizer made a remarkable difference to others in nitrogen, potassium and magnesium of leaf and bulb. The utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in LPM + top-dressing by CF were 23.5%, 13.2% respectively, more than the others. The LPM + top-dressing by LPM I was most available with potassium, and it leaded the most abundant marketable yield by 55.0 t ha⁻¹ as well. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in bulb were inclined to decrease with progress of onion growth. The nitrogen contents in leaf maximized at the initial growth stage while potassium contents increased at the initial bulbing stage. The LPM application increased pH, nitrate nitrogen, potassium and EC in soil more than chemical fertilizer (CF) did.

선각 평블록 조립공장 일정계획을 위한 혼합 유전 알고리즘

하태룡,문치웅,주철민,박주철 한국경영과학회 2000 經營 科學 Vol.17 No.1

This paper describes a scheduling problem of the panel block assembly shop in a shipbuilding industry Because the shipbuilding is a labor intensive industry, the most important consideration in a panel block assembly shop is the workload balancing, which balances man-hour, weight and welding length and so on it should be determined assembly schedule and workstation considering a daily load balancing and a workstation load balancing simultaneously To solve the problem, we develop a hybrid genetic algorithm Hybrid genetic algorithm proposed in this paper consists of two phases The first phase uses the heuristic method to find a initial feasible solution which provides a useful information about optimal solution The second phase proposes the genetic algorithm to derive the optimal solution with the initial population consisting of feasible solutions based on the initial solution Finally, we carried out computational experiments for this load balancing problem, which indicate that developed method is effective for finding good solutions

中小都市의 都心再開發 對象區域 選定 : 晋州市 都心部를 中心으로 Focused on Chinju City

문태헌,하창현 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.-

The latest amendment of the urban renewal law makes urban renewal possible for all cities. So local cities like Chinju can make urban renewal plan. But the present law have no detail standards and can't select renewal zone. And one more problem that the present law has is that some standards ca be applied to large cities only. Therefore a case study was performed on Chinju City. From these view points, the purpose of this study is to designate appropriate urban renewal zone and suggest designation standards which reflects the characteristics of local cities. The procedure is as follows. Data was collected. Variables related with urban renewal were investigated. And thirteen physical variables were selected. Then urban renewal zone was designated by statistical analyses. Urban renewal zone was designated by the results of factor analysis and cluster analysis. Through the field survey, zones including public facilities and undevelopable areas were excepted. As result, nine urban renewal zone were designated. And this study is expected to help establishing the redevelopment master plan and renewal guideline(code) in local cities.

간세포암의 십이지장침윤에 의한 상부위장관 출혈 1 예

유태현,한광협,박성하,김형길,문영명,한재호,조상호 대한소화기내시경학회 1999 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.19 No.2

Recent advances in both the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma have improved the prognosis and changed the clinical significance of the recently increasing distant metastases. Distant metastases found after successful treament of the primary lesions are of great clinical significance for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The duodenum is a rare site of hematogenous metastases or direct invasion from hepatocellular carcinoma. A 23 year old man was admitted with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. He had been diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and treated by a left lobectomy and chemoembolization. The patient was admittted for 12 months after the treatment of the primary tumor. Endoscopic examination revealed a mass in the duodenal bulb that protruded into the lumen. He died due to massive hematemesis. We report on a rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma with duodenal invasion in a 23-year-old male patient.

n-CdS_(0.46)Se_(0.54)/p-Cu_92-x)S_(0.46)Se_(0.54) 이종접합 태양전지의 제작과 그 특성에 관한 연구

유상하,최승평,이상열,홍광준,서상석,김혜숙,전승룡,윤은희,문종대,신영진,정태수,신현길,김택성,유기수 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

승화방법에 의해 CdS_0.46Se_0.54 단결정을 성장하여 결정구조를 조사하고, Van der Pauw 방법으로 Hall effect를 측정하여 carrier density의 온도 의존성과 mobility의 온도 의존성을 조사하였다. 성장된 CdS_0.46Se_0.54 단결정을 치환반응하여 n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 이종접합 태양전지를 제작하였다. Spectral response, 전류-전압특성 및 전력변환 효율을 조사하여 그 결과로부터 개방전압은 0.48V, 단락 전류 밀도는 21mA/㎠, fill factor와 전력변환효율은 각각 0.75와 9.5%를 얻었다. CdS_0.46Se_0.54 single crystal was grown by a sublimation method. The crystal structure and the temperature dependence of carrier density and mobility of CdS_0.46Se_0.54 single crystal were studied. Heterojunction solar cells on n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 were fabricated by the substitution reaction. The spectral response, the J-U characteristics and the conversion efficiency of the n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 heterojunction solar cells were studied. The open-cricuit voltage, short-circuit density, fill factor and conversion efficiency of n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 heterojunction solar cells under 80mW/㎠ illumination were found to be 0.48V, 21mA/㎠, 0.75 and 9.5%, respectively.

국내 공개소프트웨어의 도입 실태 및 활성화 장애요인에 관한 탐색적 연구

권문주,김태웅,김민하 한국정보사회진흥원 2008 정보화정책 Vol.15 No.4

공개 소프트웨어는 소스코드가 공개되어 있는 소프트웨어로서 누구나 자유롭게 활용·배포가 가능하며 비용이나성능 측면에서 전용소프트웨어에 비해 상당한 이점이 있다. 본 논문은 공개 소프트웨어 사용과 관련하여 503개 정부 및 교육기관 그리고 일반 기업에 대한 설문조사 결과를 제시하고 도입의 장애요인을 논의하는데 목적이 있다. 조사결과, 응답기관 및 기업의 62.6%가 최소 한 가지 이상의 공개 소프트웨어를 사용한다고 응답하였으며, 37.4%의 미사용 기관 및 기업들은 호환성(24.7%), 신뢰성(19.0%), 안정성(18.3%), 유지보수(15.3%), 사내 전문가 부재(12.3%) 등의 이유로 사용을 주저하고 있다. 또한 사용하다가 중단한 기관 및 기업들도 호환성(25.0%), 신뢰성과 유지보수(15.0%), 안정성과 사내 전문가 부재(18.3%) 등을 이유로 들고 있다. 더구나 사기업의 48.4%는 향후 공개 소프트웨어를 도입할 계획이 없다고 한다. 이와 같이 공개 소프트웨어 시장은 아직도 도입초기단계로서, 사유 소프트웨어에서 공개 소프트웨어 사용으로의 전환을 위해서는 정부지원이 절실한 상태이다. OSS(Open source software) pursues the freedom to have access to open source and offers several advantages, over the proprietary software, to enterprises. This paper presents a survey results from 503 companies and institutions concerning the use of OSS. 62.6% of these companies and institutions reported that they use at least one or more applications of OSS. But, for those 37.4% of companies and institutions, the most relevant obstacles for diffusing and adopting technological solutions based on OSS include the compatibility(24.7%), credibility(19.0%), stability(18.3%), maintenance(15.3%), no in-house expert(12.3%), etc. Many companies and institutions have also discontinued using OSS due to the problems related to compatibility(25.0%), credibility and maintenance issues(15.0%), stability and no in-house expert(18.3%), etc. Furthermore, 48.4% of the private companies have no future plans for adopting OSS. The results clearly show that the market for OSS is still in infant stage and desperately needs the government support to reduce the resistance to change from proprietary software to OSS.

최근 8년간 K지방대학병원 응급실로 내원한 치과 응급환자에 관한 임상적 연구

유재하,김종배,김태우,문선재,권혁찬,김승범 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.6

The delivery of the proper care to the emergency dental patients is more important in the aspdect of community dental service. To attain such a purpose requires the sacred duty to the training of oral and maxillofacial surgeons. This is a retrospective study on the characteristics of dental injuries and diseases in emergency patients. Ths study was based on a series of 2,649 patients treated as dental emergency patients at K country hospital of medical college, from Jan. 1, 1993, to Dec. 31, 2000. The obtained results were as follows. The trauma(71.6%) was the most frequent cause in dental emergency patients, odontogenic infection and oral hemorrhage were next in order of frequency. The primary interdental wiring and transpalatal wiring were frequent proper methods with rubber drainage for prevention of hemorrhage and infection in the primary care of jaw fracture. The peak incidence(45.0%) about the infection group was occurred in the pulpitis of advanced dental caries, and common treatments were the medication of antibiotics & anagesics and I&D. In the dentoalveolar hemorrhage group, a major cause was postoperative hemorrhage(57.9%) and hemostasis was obtained by pressure dressing, suture and drainage of infected wound. About TMJ disorder group, the peak incidence was showed in the post-traumatic myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome and its primary care was medications(anagesics & sedatives). In the other groups, various irritable specific pains were complained, such as trigeminal neuralgia-form pain, acute stomatitis, chemical burn, terminal stage neuritis of head & nech cancer and their primary care methods were various individually. For the rapid and correct care of the emergency dental disease above, well-trained education should be presented in the intern and resident curriculum of oral & maxillofacial surgery.

IMT-2000용 수신단 One-chip MMIC의 설계 및 제작

신상문,권태운,최재하 울산대학교 2002 공학연구논문집 Vol.33 No.1

본 논문은 IMT-2000용 수신단 One-chip MMIC의 설계 및 제작에 관한 것이다. LNA, 이중 평형 믹서, LO 발룬, RF 발룬, 그리고 IF 증폭기를 하나의 칩에 집적시켰다. 새롭게 제안된 바이어스 회로는 공정상의 변화와 온도의 변화 등의 원인에 의한 문턱전압의 변화를 보상할 수 있다. 제작된 칩의 측정 결과는 모의실험으로 얻은 결과와 일치하지 않는다. LNA는 변환이득이 평탄하게 동작하지 않을 뿐만 아니라 발진현상도 나타났다. 문제에 대한 분석을 통해 원인을 찾았으며, 이 결과는 향후 연구에 사용하려고 한다. 믹서의 변환손실은 -14㏈, IP3는 4㏈m, 포트간 격리도는 25㏈ 이상인 특성을 나타낸다. 설계된 칩은 ETRI MESFET 0.5 ㎛공정으로 제작하였으며 칩 사이즈는 1.4㎜×1.4㎜이다 This is paper describes a design and fabrication of a one-chip receiver MMIC for IMT-2000. The LNA, double balanced mixer, LO balun, RF balun, IF amplifier and a bias circuit are integrated a chip. Each balun operates active and composed of MESFETs. The new applied bias circuit is able to compensate the variation of the threshold voltage caused by the process variation, temperature changes, and etc. The measured response of the fabricated chip doesn't correspond with the simulated performance, the LNA is not only the conversion gain doesn't operates flatly, but also even the oscillation presented. By the study of the cause about the problem, the factor was found. And the result will be deal with further study. The mixer achieves the conversion losses of -14㏈, IP3 of 4㏈m, and port to port isolation over 25㏈. The designed chip is fabricated by the ETRI MESFET 0.5㎛ process. The chip size is 1.4m×1.4m.

石灰 및 苦土가 土壤內 有效成分變化와 水稻生育에 미치는 影響

崔元凱,文泰萬,河浩成,朴愚喆 진주농과대학 1968 진주농과대학 연구논문집 Vol.- No.7

pH 5.5의 耕作土壤에 石灰를 1-6me/100gr까지 增加시켜 土壤內 成分과 水稻生育에 對하여 몇 가지 結果를 얻었으며, 역시 同一土壤에 Mg를 1-4me/100gr 施用하여 몇 가지 結果를 얻었다. (1) Ca當量別 增加에 따라 exch-Ca와 pH의 變化는 比例的으로 增加되어 高度의 相關이 있다. (2) 有效燐酸, 可溶性SiO2, 有機物, 活性鐵, 置換性 苦土等의 含量變化는 認定되지 않았다. (3) 燐酸의 吸收係數는 Ca施用에 따라 正 相關이 認定된다. (4) Ca施用에 따라 生育面에 莖數, 穗數는 減少되어 負相關이 認定된다. (5) 草長, 稈長, 稔實率, 穗當着粒數에는 變化가 認定되지 않는다. (6) Mg를 1-4me/100gr 增加施用에 따라 土壤內 exch-Mg와 有效燐酸은 增加되었다. (7) pH 및 基他成分은 變化가 나타나지 않았다. (8) Mg施用에 따라 生育은 草長, 莖數는 增加가 없었고 穗數와 稈長이 增加된 傾向이고 基他는 變化가 없다. Some results of rice growth and available element in soil were obtained by application 1-6me/100gr of calcium and 1-4me/100gr of magnessium in a soil which was pH 5.5. The results of the study showed the followings. 1. Increasing the application of calcium, exch-Ca, pH and absorption coefficient of phosphorus were increased proportionally, but available ??, soluble SiO₂, O.M., active Fe and exch-Mg were not changed. 2. Number of Penicles and tillers were decreased proportionally but plant height, the length of culm, rate of grain formation and number of grain per penicle were not changed. 3. Increasing the application of magnessium, exch-Mg and available ?? were increased but the others were not changed. 4. Plant height and number of penicles were not increased but the number of tillers and the length of culm had tendency to increase.

다차원 공간내에서 움직이는 등방성매질의 R L C

홍창희,문태정,하영철 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1998 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

From the point of vew of the constitutive relations, electromagnetic waves are studied, with attention given to the behavior inside media that are lenear and isotropic. In describing physical laws of nature, equation are form invariant with respect to uniformly moving observers are called Lorentz covariant. Written in tensor notation, both Maxwell equations and constitutive relations are manifestly covariant. The Lorentz covariant description of the constitutive relations is called bianisotropic. The transformation of field quantities and the constitutive relations from one frame to another is derived from Loretz transformation for 4-dimmension space. Isotropic media, when viewed from a moving frame, became bianisotropic. Problems involving one moving medium can usually be solved in the rest frame of teh medium, with results transformed back to the observers rame of reference. As the final result, we have, the conductivity variation rates are r, the permittivity variation rates are determined by (83), and the permeability variation rates are determined by(84).