조혈모세포이식 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 Micafungin의 예방 효과 및 안전성

김시현,이동건,최수미,권재철,박선희,최정현,유진홍,이성은,조병식,김유진,이석,김희제,민창기,조석구,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,박종원 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.3

Background: Micafungin, a potent inhibitor of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase, is a novel antifungal agent of the echinocandin class. In vitro study showed that micafungin was effective against Aspergillus species as well as Candida species, but clinical data on the prophylactic efficacy against invasive fungal infections (IFIs) other than candidiasis are still lacking. Materials and Methods: We identified 60 consecutive adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who received at least 3 doses of micafungin during neutropenic period. Micafungin was started as an alternative in patients who were intolerant or had adverse events (AEs) to primary prophylactic antifungal agents. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis against IFIs. Results: The patients either had autologous (n=9) or allogeneic (n=51: 1 syngeneic, 24 sibling, 26 unrelated donor) HSCT. Itraconazole oral solution (n=58) was the most frequently used first line antifungal agent for prophylaxis and was administered for median 11 days. The most frequent cause of switch to micafungin was vomiting (n=42). The duration of neutropenia and micafungin administration was median 13 and 12 days, respectively. A successful outcome was achieved in 45 (75%) patients. Empirical antifungal therapy was initiated in 13 (22%) patients. There were 2 cases (3.3%) of breakthrough fungal infections which comprised a probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a possible invasive fungal sinusitis. There was no case of invasive candidiasis. A total of 53 (88%) patients experienced at least one AE regardless of causality during micafungin administration. The most frequent AEs were hypokalemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. Among the aforementioned AEs, only 1 case of diarrhea could be classified as a probable relation with micafungin when causality was assessed. There was no AEs that caused discontinuation of micafungin. Conclusions: Micafungin seems to be a safe and effective agent for prophylaxis of IFIs including aspergillosis as well as candidiasis in HSCT recipients. However, further large, prospective, and randomized comparative studies are warranted for aspergillosis.

고품질 4H-SiC 단결정 성장을 위한 다공성 흑연 판의 역할

이희준,이희태,신희원,박미선,장연숙,이원재,여임규,은태희,김장열,전명철,이시현,김정곤,Lee, Hee-Jun,Lee, Hee-Tae,Shin, Hee-Won,Park, Mi-Seon,Jang, Yeon-Suk,Lee, Won-Jae,Yeo, Im-Gyu,Eun, Tai-Hee,Kim, Jang-Yul,Chun, Myoung-Chul,Lee, Si-Hyun 한국결정성장학회 2015 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구에서는 PVT법으로 4H-SiC 단결정 성장 시 다공성 흑연판을 사용하여 Si/C 비율이나 온도구배, 물질전달의 향상시킴으로써 고품질의 SiC 단결정 기판 제작을 목적으로 연구를 진행하였다. 연구에 사용된 SiC 소스 물질은 흑연 도가니에 넣어 흑연 단열재로 쌓인 구조로 실험을 하였다. 성장온도는 $2100{\sim}2300^{\circ}C$, 그리고 성장압력은 10~30 Torr의 압력으로 아르곤과 질소 분위기에서 성장시켰다. 종자정은 2인치의 $4^{\circ}$ off-axis 4H-SiC의 C면 (000-1)을 사용하였고 다공성 흑연판은 SiC 소스 물질 위에 삽입하였다. 4H-SiC 결정다형 안정화를 위한 C-rich 조건이나 균일한 온도구배를 만들어주기 위해 다공성 흑연판을 삽입하여 실험을 진행하였다. 일반적인 도가니의 경우, 성장된 wafer에서 6H-, 15R-SiC와 같은 다양한 결정다형이 관찰된 반면에 다공성 흑연판을 삽입한 도가니에서는 4H-SiC만 관찰되었다. 또한 다공성 흑연판을 삽입한 도가니에서 성장된 결정에서 MP나 EP의 낮은 결함밀도를 보였으며 결정성 또한 향상된 것을 학인하였다. The present research is focused on the effect of porous graphite what is influenced on the 4H-SiC crystal growth by PVT method. We expect that it produces more C-rich and a change of temperature gradient for polytype stability of 4H-SiC crystal as adding the porous graphite in the growth cell. The SiC seeds and high purity SiC source materials were placed on opposite side in a sealed graphite crucible which was surrounded by graphite insulator. The growth temperature was around $2100{\sim}2300^{\circ}C$ and the growth pressure was 10~30 Torr of an argon pressure with 5~15 % nitrogen. 2 inch $4^{\circ}$ off-axis 4H-SiC with C-face (000-1) was used as a seed material. The porous graphite plate was inserted on SiC powder source to produce a more C-rich for polytype stability of 4H-SiC crystal and uniform radial temperature gradient. While in case of the conventional crucible, various polytypes such as 6H-, 15R-SiC were observed on SiC wafers, only 4H-SiC polytype was observed on SiC wafers prepared in porous graphite inserted crucible. The defect level such as MP and EP density of SiC crystal grown in the conventional crucible was observed to be higher than that of porous graphite inserted crucible. The better crystal quality of SiC grown using porous graphite plate was also confirmed by rocking curve measurement and Raman spectra analysis.

저농도 노말헥산의 만성폭로가 말초신경계에 미치는 영향

이수진,송재철,장은철,이경영,심상효,박시복,박영재,김현주 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Objectives: The effect of chronic exposure to low levels of n-hexane on peripheral nervous system and the relationship between duration of employment and impairment of peripheral nervous system was studied. Methods : In 21 workers at two shoe-maker factories and 21 unexposed controls, measurement of exposure of solvents, symptom Questionnaire, physical examination and electrophysiological study were conducted. Results : Mean ages of study subjects in the exposed and the unexposed were 39.9 and 40.1 years old. Mean durations of employment were 15.1 and 10.0 years, respectively. Mean concentrations of urinary 2.5-HD were 2.23 mg/g creatinine, 0.23 mg/g creatinine, respectively. Mean concentration of solvents in air were 21.1 ppm of n-hexane, 72.2 ppm of toluene and 0.5 ppm of MEK. There were no differences in the prevalence of subjective symptoms and abnormal neurological signs between the exposed and the unexposed. But vibration extinction time(VAT) of the exposed (8.8 second) was shorter than that of the unexposed (11.9 second) (p<0.05). Mean values of electrophysiological studies(EPS) of the two groups were within normal limit. However, mean conduction velocity of median motor nerve and median F wave(MMNCV and MFCV), mean amplitude of median sensory action potential(MSAP) were decreased in the exposed (p<0.05). Moreover, the rate of abnormal finding more than one in sensory nerves was increased in the exposed than those in the unexposed(p<0.05). Correlation coefficients between duration of employment and mean conduction velocity of median sensory nerve (MSNCV) and between duration of employment and MFCV were -0.57, -0.43, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions : These results showed that chronic (mean 15 years) low level(mean 23 ppm) exposure to n-hexane cause subclinical impairment of peripheral nervous system. These results also suggest that the longer duration of employment, the shorter values of EPS and VAT.

상담에 대한 기대에 관한 연구

이재창,이시은 弘益大學校 敎育硏究所 1999 敎育硏究論叢 Vol.- No.16

청소년 자활지원관에서의 사례관리 적용과정에 관한 연구

이시연,박은미 한국청소년복지학회 2004 청소년복지연구 Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study is to review the present state of youth self-sufficiency supporting centers, to understand the importance of case management application as an effective practice methodology to support juveniles, and to apply case management application processes for youth self-sufficiency supporting centers. With this purpose, literatures were reviewed the present state of youth self-sufficiency supporting centers and to show the importance for case management application. Case study was used to show the process of case management application. Case study is known as an effective and qualitative research method. There are 25 youth self-sufficiency supporting centers nationwide. Major roles of theses centers is to support impoverished juveniles by helping them finish school, get hands-on-job training, and to provide cultural opportunities in order to prevent cycle of poverty. It has also been founded that there is a great need to develop some effective intervention methods to achieving these goals. Case management has reviewed and suggested one of the most effective intervention methods. In this research four cases were analyzed, each providing detail process information for case management application. Conclusive results show that an insufficient number of workers, lack of knowledge and skills about case management are the major limitations in implementing case management.

백설기와 경단의 저장 방법 및 자연 해동이 호화도와 품질 특성에 미치는 영향

이시은,김기숙 中央大學校 家庭文化硏究所 1995 가정문화논총 Vol.9 No.-

This research has been made to find out changes in the degree of gelatinization and quality characteristics of Baeksolgi and Kyongdan after storage at 30 ±1℃, 5 ±1℃ or -18 ±2℃. Baeksolgi and Kyongdan kept in frozen storage for a week were thawed in 30℃ incubator, and the differences were investigated and compared. Changes in the degree of gelatinization were estimated through enzyme digestibility by use of β-amylase and quality characteristics were also measured through moisture content, hardness using texture test systems and sensory evaluation. The results are as follows; 1. Changes in moisture content 1) Effects of the storage temperature and storage period : Moisture content before storage was 36.53% for Baeksolgi and 53.87% for Kyongdan. The effects of storage temperature and storage period was little. 2) Effects of thawing times of the frozen rice cakes : There were 1% difference in kind of rice cake, but there was not difference in thawing time and interaction. 2. Changes in the degree of gelatinization 1) Effects of storage temperature and storage period : The degree of gelainization of Kyongdan was higher than Baeksolgi. Thd longer the storage period at the storage temperature was showed the lower the degree of gelatinization. According to the differences in storage temperature, the degree of gelatinization was the highest after frezen storage, while the lowest refrigerator storage. 2) Effects of thawing times of the frozen rice cakes : When thawed at 30℃, both Baeksolgi and Kyongdan were increased in the degree of gelatinization as level before storage. 3. Changes in hardness 1) Effects of storage temperature and storage period : Baeksolgi was harder than Kyongdan before storage, as storage period increased hardness also increase. There were sudden changes in hardness both Kyongdan and Baeksolgi after one day storage. 2) Effects of the thawing times of the frozen rice cakes : When thawed at 30℃, they both were rapidly decreased in hardness with an hour and it became the lowest in 3 hours and it tended to increase again after then. 4. Results in sensory evaluation In the case of thawing at 30℃ of the frozen rice cakes : The difference of 1% in chewiness, overall quality and the difference of 5% in moistness were showed for Baeksolgi. The sample thawed for 5 hours was evaluated the best and also one for 10 hours was equalled to. There was the difference of 5% only color in Kyongdan, the best sample was the one thawed for 10 hours, but there was not big difference among the samples.

세라믹막을 이용한 포도당 농축

이수은,이시철,이용택 경희대학교 산학협력기술연구원 1999 산학협력기술연구논문집 Vol.5 No.-

Aqueous glucose solution was concentrated using ceramic membrane in this study, the effects of volumetric concentration factor(VCF) were investigated on the change of flux and the transmembrane pressure(TMP). VCF was increased with the increase in operating time. The permeate flux was reduced as VCF became higher. The permeate flux was sharply decreased at about 18 of VCF, and the flux was not increased any more even in increase of TMP

VRSA에 대한 항생물질을 생산하는 방선균의 분리

이지연,양시용,고은지,이승구,김시관,조왕식,송민동 建國大學校 自然科學硏究所 2002 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구가 VRSA에 대한 신규 항생물질 생산 균주를 얻기 위하여 실시하였다. 국내외에 채취한 토양시료에서 분리한 방선균 중, 임상분리 VRSA와 돌연변이 유발 VRSA에 대해 항균성을 나타내는 JY-24를 선별하였다. 선발 균주는 원통형의 포자 모양을 갖고 있으며, Bennett's 배지에 배양시 aerial mycelium color는 흰색을 나타냈으며, reverse side color는 대체로 노란색을 나타내었다. 항균물질 생산을 위한 탄소원으로는 fructose, mannose, 질소원으로는 yeast extract가 가장 우수하였으며 glucose의 첨가로 항균 물질 생산성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 최적 초기 pH는 pH 7로 나타났으며, 28 ℃, 37℃, 45 ℃의 온도에서 균이 성장하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 배양기간에 따라 항균물질 생산성을 조사한 결과, 임상분리 균주에 대해 5일 배양 시 가장 높았으나, 3일 배양과 7일 배양 시 동일한 생산성을 나타내 생산속도가 빠르며, 안정한 물질인 것이 파악되었다. 향후 균주동정 및 항균물질 정제에 관한 연구를 수행하고자 한다. An antibiotic substance producing strain JY-24, effective to the VRSA (Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), was isolated from soil. The spore chain of JY-24 was cylindrical, and its sulface was smooth. The aerial mass color of the strain was white, and its reverse side color was yellow. The strain did not produce soluble pigment. For the production antibiotics, fructose, mannose and yeast extract were favorable as carbon and nitrogen sources. Optimal initial pH for the production of the antibiotic was pH 7. Accumulation of the antibiotic in the culture broth reached at maximal level after 5 days cultivation in Bennett's medium.

초등교사의 실과 교수·학습에서 ICT 수행 실태 분석

이시원,김영은 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 2004 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구자는 실과교과가 정보통신기술을 사용한 수업의 효율성 및 필요성을 인지하고 적극적인 활용을 유도하는 차원에서 정보통신기술이 사용되고 있는 상황을 조사하고, 이들을 토대로 수업 현장에서 ICT 활용수업을 위해 선결되어야 할 과제를 찾아 제시하여, 실과교육의 학습 흥미 촉진과 학업태도의 긍정적 변화와 함께 자기 주도적 학습 능력의 신장을 가져 올 수 있다는 판단에서 본 연구를 수행하였다. 교사들은 현장에서 ICT를 활용 할 때 지침이 될 만한 보다 구체적이고 명확한 ICT 활용 방향을 제시해야 할 것이다. 또한 ICT 활용 수준은 남교사, 여교사 거의 동일한 높은 수준을 나타내고 있으며, 경력면에서 볼 때에는 남교사는 '3~20년' 사이의 교사들이 빈도가 높게 나타났고, 여교사들은 '3년 미만에서 10년 사이'의 교사들이 높은 빈도를 나타내고 있다. 또한 현재 실과 수업에 ICT를 활용하는데 결정적인 장애요인에 대해서는 남교사는 44명(49.44%)으로 '실과 교육용 소프트웨어의 부족'을 들었으며, 여교사는 29명(32.59%)으로 '부족한 수업시간'을 지적하고 있었다. 멀티미디어활용 정도에 대해서는 남교사는 '10~20년'의 경력을 가진 교사 21명(43.8%), 여교사는 '3~10년'의 경력을 가진 교사 27명(37.5%)이 활용 가능 빈도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 마지막으로 교사들은 실과 수업에서 지침이 될만한 보다 구체적이고 명확한 ICT 활용 방향과 물리적 환경의 조성, 교육용 소프트웨어의 개발과 보급, ICT 활용에 대한 연수 및 교육 프로그램의 필요, 실과 교사 분과회의 활성화 등이 원활이 이루어지는 것이 실과교육 현장에서 ICT 활용 수업이 제대로 이루어지기 위한 선결 과제라 할 수 있다. At this point of time that ICT education is getting gradually pervasive on the state leading level, this study sets the goal of analyzing an environment of ICT education in elementary school. This analysis is worth considering elementary school environment, situation and obstacles. Finally based on above results, it could be attributable following studies about basic structure of using ICT. The ICT application in real classroom turns self-directed learning and communication between students themselves, teachers and students and students, ICT and teachers into possibility. In this study, we can find out merits of using ICT through questionnaire. But many teachers are just only showing their own computers and there is only a few self-directed learning in usual classroom condition. Based on this survey, present condition of using ICT in practical art education has problems as following. Firstly there are lack of ICT using tools and poor condition. Secondly the developed software is not enough. Thirdly most teachers don't have knowledge and skills. To solve these problems, teachers could utilize it easier such as guiding them to using the ICT application though teacher training program. Most of all, teachers should recognize these problems and activate this ICT education through continuous study and efforts of self-developing. And for the association with the ICT practical education. We need the politic and economic supports.

흰쥐에서 심정지후 Pentoxifylline이 뇌의 허혈-재관류 손상에 미치는 효과

정시경,김영민,오동렬,최경호,박승현,이운정,박규남,유은영,이원재,김세경 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background: Two major events occurring in the cerebral hemodynamics after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest are reactive hyperemia and postischemic hypoperfusion. In this study, we examined the effect of Pentoxifylline(PTX) on the rat brain following cardiac arrest. Methods: Fourteen rats were anesthetized and artificially ventilated. Cardiac arrest was produced by chest compression and clamping of tracheal tube for 3 minutes in ketamine anesthetized rats. Circulation was restored by standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods. In 7 rats, PTX 10mg/kg was infused at 10min after cardiac arrest(PTX group). In the other 7 rats, same amount of normal saline was infused(control group). Results: In both groups, hemodynamic variables, neurologic deficit(ND) score and histopathologic findings of hippocampal CA1 neurons were observed. Hemodynamic variables and ND score were not significantly different between two groups. Delayed ischemic neurons of hippocampal CA1 were decreased in PTX group(2.2±2.4%) compared with control group(9.1±1.2%). Conclusions: We conclude that PTX prevented development of delayed ischemic neurons in hippocampal CA1 after cardiac arrest. PTX may be useful in emergency situations following cardiac arrest.