한번의 간질발작 후 혈청 Neuron-Specific Enolase 농도 변화

최승호,박영춘,이장준,임정근,김지언,이상도 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1999 계명의대학술지 Vol.18 No.4

An increase in neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels in serum and CSF has been shown to be an useful marker of brain damage after stroke, global ischemia, and coma. We report the changes of serum NSE levels after seizure attacks in epileptic patients compared with the levels in normal controls and epileptic patients without seizure attack at least 7 days (epileptic controls). Twenty-four seizures were included in this study. Blood was drawn within 1 hour, at 12 hour, 24 hour, and 48 hour after seizure attack. Serum NSE levels were measured with radioimmunoassay. The mean NSE levels for normal controls and epileptic controls were 6.94 ng/ml and 7.46 ng/ml, respectively. There were significant increase in level of serum NSE measured within 1 hour after seizure attack in epileptics compared with the level in normal controls (15.10ng/ml versus 6.94ng/ml, p<0.05) and epileptic controls (15.10ng/ml versus 7.46ng/ml, p<0.05). Serum NSE measured at 12 hours after seizure also increased compared with normal controls (12.32ng/ml versus 6.94ng/ml, p<0.05) and epileptic controls (12.43ng/ml versus 7.46ng/ml, p<0.05). Between normal controls and epileptic controls, there were no significant difference in serum NSE levels. We conclude that serum NSE level was elevated in epileptic patients who had seizure attack within 12 hours. Serum NSE levels can be useful marker for seizure within 12 hours after onser. The elevated serum NSE level after single seizure attack may suggest that the brain was injured in single seizure.

흡착특성이 다른 내분비계 장애물질 3종, Amitrol, Nonylphenol, Bisphenol-A의 GACs에서의 흡착 특성

최근주,김상구,권기원,지용대,김승현,김창원 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Adsorption characteristics of three endocrine disruptors, amitrol, nonylphenol, and bisphenol-A, were evaluated depending on the type and service duration of activated carbon (AC). Bituminous coal-, wood-, and coconut-based coals were tested. Bituminous coal-based AC (BCAC) had the greatest sorption capacity for the three chemicals tested, followed by wood-based AC (WAC) for nonylphenol and coconut palm-based AC (CAC) for bisphenol-A. During the column test, amitrol removal efficiency increased over time, indicating that hydrophilic endocrine disruptors are biodegraded in the AC column. Removal efficiencies of hydrophobic compounds such as nonylphenol and bisphenol-A decreased over time since the main removal mechanism was adsorption. The order of the amitrol removal was: BCAC-5.9 yr , CAC-3.1 yr > BCAC-2.2 yr > BCAC-virgin > CAC-virgin > WAC-virgin > WAC-3.1 yr. In general, used AC had greater removals than virgin AC. The order of the bisphenol-A removal was: CAC-virgin > BCAC-2.2 yr > CAC-3.1 yr > WAC-virgin > BCAC-5.9 yr > WAC-3.1 yr. The order of the nonylphenol removal was: BCAC-virgin > WAC-virgin > CAC-3.1 yr ,WAC-3.lyr> BCAC-2.2 yr > BCAC-5.9 yr > CAC-3.1 yr. Bituminous coal AC performed the best over time. Endocrine disruptors such as these three compounds appear to be removed effectively by activated carbon through biodegradation and adsorption. Wood and coal based among the virgin ACs and 3.1 years used wood base among the used ACs appeared the lowest carbon usage rate(CUR) for nonylphenol removal by prediction model. Virgin and used coconut base ACs except BCAC had the lowest CUR for removal Bisphenol-A. Biodegradation of nonylphenol and Bisphenol-A did not occurred during the 9,800 bed volume experiment period. BCAC had the highest biodegradation capacity of 46% for amitrol among virgin ACs and the used coal based ACs had 33-44% higher biodegradation capacity than virgin's for amitrol so biodegradation is the effective removal technology for hydrophilic material such as amitrol.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

원발성 후복막 점액낭샘암종 1예

지준호,이화정,박승찬,박정철,최은정,서혜진,이원식,이정림,배병조,손경락,이경희 영남대학교 의과대학 2008 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.25 No.2

Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a very rare malignancy, and little is known concerning its Pathogenesis, optimal treatment, and prognosis. A 29-year-o1d pregnant woman (21 weeks) Presented with abdominal discomfort CA 19-9, CA 125, and CEA were normal Abdominal CT scanning revealed a 19x15x13 cm retropentoneal tumor Exploratory laparotomy and tumor excision were performed. Mucinous retropentoneal implants were removed as completely as possible Histologically, the tumor showed focal areas of capsular invasion, but free resection margins The uterus and both ovaries were normal in appearance No adjuvant therapy was pursued. Six months later, Peritoneal and bilateral ovarian metastases were discovered. Hence, we report the details of this case of primary retroperitoneal mucinous Cystadeno-carcinoma and present a review of the literature.

MPLS망에서 RSVP와 DiffServ연동모델의 성능분석

최승권,오구영,지홍일,신승수,조용환 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2002 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

The explosive growth of the internet traffic has imposed tremendous stress on routers, particularly, in the core network. Today's IP services reflect the unpredictable and undifferentiated packet loss and jitter characteristics of traditional best-effort routers. For above requirements, it is required not only the high-speed transmission of the packet, but the new routing function, the guarantees of QoS and bandwidth, the supports of user-requested services MPLS is proposed by the IETF and many other research institute as the solutions for this problem. In this paper, analyze performance of QoS Model applied RSVP over DiffServ to MPLS network. this model is each RSVP applied access network and DiffServ applied core network. In Result, It is amiss that basis MPLS net uses to core network because the average packet loss rate and average delay time are increased if traffic increases. Experiment result was seldom difference in case of network that apply each RSVP, DiffServ, RSVP over DiffServ. RSVP over DiffServs case packet loss rate and delay time were low than DiffServ and the packet loss rate is high because comparing than RSVP but delay time was very low.

에미션(Emission)의 에너지화를 위한 법제적 대응 : 폐기물의 자원화를 위한 기술개발에 대응한 법제 개편을 중심으로

구지선,최승원 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2016 法學論集 Vol.20 No.4

Science and technology are responsible for the development of human society and have made our lives more convenient. However, we must also carefully consider what it could mean to our society if we develop this kind of technology. Technology for energy recovery from waste is advancing and improving and new technologies are developed. In recent years, the Government has increased the amount of waste being recycled to resource circulation society. But, legal framework on waste management and resource recycling was unsystematic in Korea. And it takes a long time to be reflected in the new technology. Therefore, We need to redefine what waste-to-energy mean and rationalize regulations. And Government have to provide a differentiated supports to promote technology. 환경법의 영역에서는 에미션(Emission)을 줄이기 위해 배출을 금지하거나 허용기준을 낮추는 방안이 주로 모색되며, 폐기물을 재처리 또는 가공하여 에너지원 또는 에너지로 변환시키는 기술이 속속 개발되고 있다. 이에, 법은 ‘기술개발’이라는 요인에 주목하고, 새로운 오염원, 새로운 기술로 인해 발생하는 공백을 메우기 위해 진화해야 한다. 폐기물의 에너지화를 위해서는 생산부터 유통, 소비, 폐기에 이르기까지 효율적으로 자원을 이용하고 제품의 재순환을 촉진함으로써 자원의 소비를 억제시키며, 재활용(재사용･재생이용, 에너지 회수를 포함), 소각, 매립 등의 처리 방법 중에서도 환경 친화적인 방법인 재활용이 소각, 매립보다 우선되어야 한다. 이에, 폐기물을 최종적 처분의 대상이 아닌 새로운 에너지원으로서 자원순환적인 관점에서 재검토하고, 기술의 개발 및 활용을 위한 법제 정비 필요성이 제기된다. 종래 ｢폐기물관리법｣은 재활용의 용도와 방법을 명시적으로 규정하고 있어, 관련 신기술이 법령에 반영되기까지 장기간이 소요되었다. 이에, 폐기물의 종류 및 재활용 유형에 관한 세부 분류를 환경부령으로 정하고, 폐기물 재활용을 원칙적 허용-예외적 금지인 네거티브 방식으로 전환하는 내용으로 개정되었다. 그러나, 폐기물을 에너지화 하는 과정에서 각종 오염물질이 배출되며 새로운 기술의 적용시 예측하지 못한 위험이 발생할 수 있으므로, 폐기물이 갖는 고유한 특성과 유해성에 따라 차별적인 기준을 설정해야만 네거티브 규제가 실효적으로 운영될 수 있으며, 평가기관 내 기술인력 수 등의 요건 역시 강화될 필요가 있다. 또한, 경제적 규제라고 하더라도 국민의 생명･건강 및 환경에 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 폐기물 에너지화 관련 신기술은 인체 유해성이나 환경오염 가능성을 잠재적으로 내포하고 있다. ｢자원순환기본법｣의 시행 이후 폐기물 에너지화는 순환이용에 포섭되므로, 유해성 및 순환이용성 평가에 대한 실효성 확보가 필요하다. 특히, 환경기초시설의 인프라적 성격과 폐기물 성상의 차이로 인해, 폐기물 에너지화 관련 기술은 시범 플랜트 운영을 통해 개발이 상용화로 연계될 수 있도록 지원해야 한다. 폐기물 에너지화 기술 개발을 지원할 분야에 대해 R&D 지원이 차별화되어야 하며, 개발된 기술의 상용화를 위한 법･제도적 지원이 병행되어야 할 것이다.

달리기시 상체 부하에 따른 운동역학적 변인의 변화

최지영,김로빈,김승재 한국운동역학회 2000 한국운동역학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The Purposes of this Study was to investigate the relations between the movement of rearfoot and vertical impact force in running by analyzing kinematic and kinetic variables. The subjects of this study were 6 students who did not experience any pain or injury in their lower leg and had normal feet conditions. The subjects performed heel-toe running on 7m long runway at the speed of 4㎧ in two conditions that they wore with weight and without weight. The data were collected by using cinematographic method to analyze kinematic variables and by force platform to analyze kinetic variables. The cinematography data were collected by high speed camera(Photosonic) at the speed of 100f/s and reaction force data were collected by force plate(Bertec) with collecting frequency of 500㎐. As a result of this study The kinematic variables did not show any significant differences, but the kinetic variables shown significant differences with weight. Additional weight was mort increasing total contact time in support phase and vertical force than movement of rearfoot.

유아의 자연물에 대한 연상, 유사성, 생명 개념에 관한 연구

최진승,김지영 동아대학교 교육대학원 1998 동아교육논총 Vol.24 No.-

본 연구는 유아가 자연물에 대한 지식을 연상하고 생명 유무와 유사성을 판단하는 기준을 공통적인 준거로써 찾고 그 준거별 반응정도가 연령 및 성별, 자연물의 범주에 따라서 어떠한 양상을 보이면서 발달하는지 밝히는데 그 목적을 두었다. 본 연구의 대상은 부산 시내 유치원에 재원하는 3, 4, 5세 유아 90명이며 유아에게 제시된 자연물은 예비 조사와 친숙도 검사를 통해 선정하였으며, 범주에 따라서 동물, 식물, 천체, 기타 무생물 범주로 나뉘며 각 범주별로 3개씩 총 12개이다. 자료는 인터뷰식으로 진행하여 수집되었으며 유아의 반응은 모두 녹음하여 준거에 따라 수량화하였고, 통계처리는 일원변량분석, 다변량분석, t-검증, Duncan(.05)사후 검증 등을 활용하였다. 본 연구의 결과 및 논의를 통해 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자연물의 소유, 형태, 주제에 관한 개념은 3세에 이미 발달되어 있으며, 색깔과 기능에 관한 개념은 4세와 5세 사이에 크게 발달하는 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 여아는 남아보다 자연물의 기능 및 행위에 관한 개념을 더 먼저 획득한다. 셋째, 동물 및 기타 무생물 범주에 관한 자연물의 개념은 식물 범주 및 천체 범주에 대한 개념보다 더 먼저 발달한다. 넷째, 유아의 자연물의 유사성 판단은 주제-지각-기능-개념 이행으로 변화하며 발달한다. 여섯째, 유아들이 자연물과 유사한 대상으 판단할 때 근거하는 기준은 자연물의 범주에 따라 다른데, 생물 범주는 기능적인 법칙에 근거하고 무생물 범주는 지각적인 특징에 근거하여 판단한다. 일곱째, 자연 법칙에 근거하여 자연물의 생명성을 판단할 수 있는 능력은 5세에 갖추어어지며, 자연물의 범주에 따라 생명성의 판단의 기준이 다르다. 동물 범주는 자연법칙에 근거하며 식물 범주는 사람들의 활동과 개입 유무에 근거하고, 무생물 범주는 의인적인 준거에 근거하여 판단하는 경향이 높다. The purpose of this study is that how the young childrens' association, simialrity, life concept on natural kinds changes with age, sex, and the categories of natural kinds. The subjects in this study were 90 young children who were 3, 4, and 5 years old, and sampled from 3 kindergartens in Pusna. Natural kinds were selected through the pilot test and the categories of natural kinds were divided into animal, plant, planet, and dnonbiological category. Following conclusions were derived from discussion on the results to this study: 1.Young children's association about natural kinds' having, shape, thematic knowledge don't change with age, and their association for the color, functional knowledge of natual kinds were increaed with age. 2.Female childrens' association is higer than male in the natural kinds' functional knowledge. 3.Young childrengs association about plant, planet is increasing with age. Therefore, young childrens' concept about animal, nonbiological kinds is formed nearly at 3 age olds, and young childrens' concept about plant, planet develops highly between the age of 4 and 5 years old. 4.Young children's association about natural kinds' shape is high in the all categories of natural kinds, their assocaition about natural kinds' thematic knowledge is high in nonbiological category. In addition, their association about natural kinds' function is high in animal category at most. 5.Young childrens' reponses about natural kinds' thematic simiarity are decreasing with age. On the other hand, their responses about natural kinds' perceptual, functional simiarity are increasing with age. The result suggests that young childrens' concept on natural kinds is developing thematic-perceptural-founctional-conceptual shift. 6.Young childrens' assocaition about the simiarity is based on objects' founctional character in biological category. On the other hand, their assocaition about inanimates' similarity is based on the perceptual character in nonbiological category. 7.Young childrens' ability to discriminate the animates-nonanimates is increasing at 5 years old. Therefore, young childrens' life concept is formed nearly at 5 years old. 8.Young childrens discriminate between animate and inanimate things in animal category at the based of animals' functional character and in plant category at the based of persons' activity. However they justify the objects' lives at the based of perceptual character in nonbiological category.

酒精 슬러지의 脫水 및 燒却特性

池尙鉉,崔璋承,朴勝祚 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1994 硏究報告 Vol.17 No.1

This study has been carried out to confirm the incineration and dewatering ability of the alcohol stillage sludge when pulverized coal is added. This study aims was increasing of alcohol stillage sludge dewatering and combustion ability using heat content analysis as vary coal dosage and particle size. The conclusions from experiment are as followings : 1. This study has been carried out to determine the coal dosage. The optimum bewatering efficiency was reached when 150% Pulverized coal was added to sludge soild content. 2. The optimum dewatering efficiency was reached when the coal particle size was 0.149㎜ and 0.250㎜. 3. The heating value according to alcohol stillage sludge and pulverized coal mixture ratio was obtained high heating value, pulverized coal ration the higher.

수종 한약재가 백혈병 세포에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

崔湖榮,金澤,柳志昌,卞德市,盧昇鉉 대한본초학회 1999 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

I am reporting here a syntematic in vitro examination for specificity of anti-cancer effect of several oriental herbs, which have been used frequently for cancer pateints(therapy), on Molt-4 LCL(Lymphoblastoid Cell Line) Leukemic cells in relation to its density and time of incubation. 1. ErOH extract of Jujubae Fructus reduced Molt-4 cell's survival rate effectively after 48 hours' treatment at 1000㎍/㎖'s density and it reduced survival rate of LCL effectively after 12 hours' treatment at 1000㎍/㎖'s density. 2. EtOH extract of Cordyceps reduced LCL's survival rate effectively after 36 hour's treatment at 1000㎍/㎖'s density. 2. EtOH extract of Fici Fructus reduced LCL's survival rate effectively after 36 hours' treatment at 1000㎍/㎖'s density. 4. EtOH extract of Trionycis reduced Molt-4 cell's survival rate even at 500㎍/㎖ density and further effective at 1000㎍/㎖ density after 24 hours treatment and it killed the cells completely at 1000㎍/㎖ density after 48 hours treatment, It also Killed LCL completely after 12 hours and 36 hours' treatment at 1000㎍/㎖'s density. 5. EtOH extract of Biotae Cacumen reduced LCL's survival rate effectively after 12 hours' treatment at 1000㎍/㎖'s density, and after 36 hours treatment it reduced LCL's survival time very effectively. 6. EtOH extract of Psoraleae Fructus reduced Molt-4 cell's survival rate very effectively after 24 hours' treatment at 500㎍/㎖ and 1000㎍/㎖'s density, and after 48 hours' treatment at 250㎍/㎖'s density it reduced effectively and it killed the cell completely at 500㎍/㎖ and 1000㎍/㎖'s density. It also killed LCL completely after 12 hours and 36 hours' treatment at 1000㎍/㎖'s density. I hope to proceed with more advanced experiment in vivo and clinically as for the two kinds of oriental herbs and another herbs effective for leukemia.