Hydrochlorothiazide의 microcapsule 제조와 평가

남상철,박목순,나성범,이계원,지웅길 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1990 藥學論文集 Vol.6 No.-

The microcapsules of hydrochlorothiazide using Eudragit RL were prepared by the solvent evaporation process in liquid paraffin phase, and the microcapsules of hydrochlorothiazide using Ethylcellulose were prepared by the solvent evaporation process in water phases. The size distribution, drug content, interaction between the drug and the polymer, dissolution test, observation of SEM were investigated. The results are summarized as belows. The Eudragit RL microcapsules and Ethylcellulose microcapsules obtained were spherical, uniform and free flowing particles. As the dispersing agents (Eudragit RL-magnesium stearate, Ethylcellulose-sod, lauryl sulfate) were fixed, the preparation of microcapsules showed constant in particle size distribution. The actual drug contents of the Eudragit RL microcpasules were lower than theoretical drug contents, but the actural drug contents of the Ethylcellulose were higher than those. No interaction between the polymer and the drug was observed from the results of TLC, UV, IR, DSC. The release of hydrochlorothiazide from the Eudragit RL microcapsules except for the release in pH 8.0 phosphate buffer solution was not increased when the drug: polymer ratio was increased. The dissolution rate of hydrochlorothiazide from Ethylcellulose microcapsules increased with increasing drug: polymer ratio. Scanning electron micrograph study revealed that microcapsules prepared by this method showed comparatively rough surface when drug: polymer ratio was decreased.

제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도

남기덕,김영설,박철영,오승준,김덕윤,우정택,김성운,양인명,김진우,최영길 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.6

연구배경:인슐린저항성은 제2형 당뇨병과 심혈관질환의 주요한 위험 인자로 성호르몬과 상호 관계가 있다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 여성과는 달리 남성에서는 연령과 인슐린저항성에 따른 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도의 변화에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 그러므로, 본 저자등은 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정산인과 비교해서 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도를 측정하고 연령에 따른 변화 정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법:대상 환자 모두에서 연령과 체질량지수, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 공복혈당과 인슐린 농도를 측정하였다. 혈중 유리 테스토스테론 농도는 방사면역측정법(radioimmunoassay)을 이용해서 측정하였고, 혈중 성호르몬 결합글로불린은 면역방사계측측정법(immunoradiometric assay)을 이용해서 측정하였다(Diagnostic System Laoratories, Wbster, TX, USA). 결과:1)제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정상 대조군 남성에 비해 성호르몬 결합글로불린은 104.1±35.0 vs 25.7±3.5 mole×10??로 의미 있게 높았으나(p<0.001), 유리 테스토스테론은 13.7±9.5 vs 13.6±6.5 ng/dL로 차이가 없었다. 2)연령과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 사이의 상관 계수는 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 0.40로 중등고의 양의 상관 관계를 보였고(p<0.001), 정상 대조군 남성에서 0.11로 유의한 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다. 연령과 유리 테스토스테론 사이의 상관 계수는 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 0.08, 정상 대조군 남성에서-0.17로 모두에서 유의한 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다. 3)연령과 체질량지수를 보정한 후에 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자와 정상 대조군 남성에서 혈중 인슐린 농도, 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 사이에는 상관 관계가 없었다. 결론:제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정상 남성에 비해 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도가 증가되어 있었으며, 유리 테스토스테론은 차이가 없었다. 연령이 증가함에 따라 성호르몬 결합 글로블린이 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정상 남성에 비해 증가 폭이 의미있게 컸으며, 유리 테스토스테론은 변화가 없었다. Background: Insulin resistance is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are many previous studies indicating that insulin lowers serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels, and there is inverse correlation between insulin resistance and serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in women. However, in men, a limited number of studies are available to explain the effect of sex hormone on age and insulin. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship among free testosterone, hormone-binding globulin and age in type 2 diabetic men and control subjects. Method: Age, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, and insulin concentrations were examined on 89 type 2 diabetic men and 47 control subjects. The free testosterone level was measured by commercially available double-antibody system (Radioimmunoassay). The sex hormone-binding globulin level was also measured by commercially available double-antibody system(Immunoradiometric assay). Results: 1) Sex hormone-binding globulin level was significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, there was no significantly difference in free testosterone level between the two groups. 2) Sex hormone-binding globulin was positively correlated with age (r=0.4, p <0.001) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone were not correlated with age in control sujects. 3) Free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations were not significantly related to serum insulin concentration after adjusting for age and body mass index. Conclusions: We observed increased sex hormone-binding globulin concentration in diabetes man, and was a positively related to age. Further studies are needed to understand the relationships between age, insulin resistance, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations(J Kor Diabetes Asso 24:699~707,2000).

비볼록 목적함수에서 M-추정법

남호수,조증성,주철민 東西大學校 1998 동서논문집 Vol.4 No.-

일반적인 위치모수의 추정문제에서 로버스트 방법으로 흔히 고려되는 것이 M-추정법이다. M-추정법에서는 추정량이 명시적 형태로 주어지지 않으며, 특히 비볼록(non-convex)목적함수에서의 M-추정에 기존의 뉴튼 방법을 적용할 경우 목적함수의 대역최소점에서 해를 찾는데 실패할 위험이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이런 문제점을 유전자 알고리즘(genetic algorithm)을 이용하여 해결하고자 한다. 즉, M-추정에서 고려하는 목적함수를 미분하지 않고 목적함수 자체를 최적화(최소화)시키는 방법으로 해를 구하는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 또한, M-추정에서 널리 쓰이는 뉴튼 방법에 의한 해의 문제점을 지적하고 제안된 방법에 의한 M-추정의 타당성을 예를 들어 보이고자 한다. The M-estimation is frequently considered as a robust procedure in the estimation of location parameter. Usually the M-estimator can not be represented as an explicit form. In this paper, we propose an M-estimation method in non-convex object function by using the genetic algorithm. The proposed method cirectly optimizes(minimizes)the object function without differentiating the function, and it approximates the global solution regardless of the initialization. An illustrative example shows that the proposed estimation method is stable and has elegant behavior, compared to the classical M-estimation.

부산지역 청년들의 부산에 대한 인식 : 청년 정책을 위한 함의

남성주(외 2명) 신라대학교 부산학연구센터 2016 부산연구 Vol.14 No.-

이 연구는 부산지역 거주 청년 500명을 대상으로 부산시에 대한 인식을 조사하였다. 조사결과 일자리 문제를 제외하고 응답자들은 부산에 대해 대체로 긍정적인 평가를 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 부산의 미래에 대해 낙관적인 기대를 가지고 있었다. 다만 서부산권 거주자들의 만족도가 동부산권 거주자들에 비해 상대적으로 낮았다. 설문조사 결과를 토대로 정책적 함의를 논의 하였다.

Mo¨ssbauer Spectrometer의 속도변환 장치의 제작

申榮男,朴成培,金在慶,裵錫喆 大邱大學校附設 基礎科學硏究所 1991 基礎科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

A constant acceleration Mossbauer spectrometer is constructed and a reference signal of the desired waveform to drive the feedback system is produced by the multichannel scaling board and with the help of operational amplifier. The stability and the linearity of the system for a triangular velocity waveform is investigated in the measurement of Mossbauer spectra of standard sample(αFe, αFe₂O₃, stainless steel and Na₂[Fe(CN)_(5)NO]₂H₂O). The system is stabilized and the linearity of the system for triangular velocity waveform is better than ?0.01% for the half-period of 14mm/sec velocity.

NATM 산악터널의 숏크리트 투입율에 관한 연구

이철주,김성윤,김동건,유남재 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2009 産業技術硏究 Vol.29 No.B

This study has analysed actual overbreak, shotcrete rebound and the ratio between the actual quantity of shotcrete to designed shotcrete measured during a NATM tunnel construction. The measured shotcrete rebound was about 7.2% in average which was about half the allowable rebound (15%), showing shotcrete spraying was performed well. Based on the measurement of excavated tunnel shape, average overbreak was about 28.5 cm after tunnel excavation by drill and blasting method. This was about 260% of allowable overbreak. In addition, due to the rebound and overbreak actual amount of shotcrete used in the tunnelling work was about 116.5 % of the designed value. According to the field measurement the ratio of actual shotcrete to designed value showed some relation with standard support pattern, but the size of overbreak did not show the correlation with standard support pattern. Hence current design specifications stating the size of overbreak based entirely on standard support pattern should perhaps be reestablished. The insight into the design guideline regarding overbreak and shotcrete

동종 골수이식 후 만성 이식편대숙주질환과 동반되어 신증후군으로 발현된 IgA 신병증 1예

정철권,김현수,박준성,정성현,조도연,최진혁,남동기,임호영,김명성,신규태,임현이,김효철 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1999 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.4 No.2

동종 골수이식 후 발생하는 신기능부전은 원인이 다양하여 감별에 어려움이 있다. 만성 GVHD는 흉선의 기능저하에 따른 면역관용의 실패로 발생되는 자가면역현상에 의해 발생되는 것으로 알려져 있으며 드물게 신장을 침범하여 신증후군을 일으키기도 한다. CaA의 용량을 줄이거나 투약중지 후 발생한 만성 GVHD에 동반된 신증후군의 경우 조기에 신조직검사를 시행하여 감별진단하고 CsA의 용량을 증량하거나 재투약하여 좋은 치료 결과를 보일 것으로 기대된다. 저자들은 문헌고찰을 통해 동종 골수이식 후 발생된 신증후군이 유사한 임상양상을 보이며 발생기전에 만성 GVHD와 자가면역현상이 연관되어 있음을 확인하였으며 동종 골수이식 후 신증후군의 임상양상을 보이는 환자에서 병리조직학적으로 lgA 신병증을 진단하고 이러한 lgA 신병증이 발생기전에 만성 GVHD와 자가 면역현상이 연관되어 있을 가능성을 최초로 확인하였으며 CsA를 이용하여 성공적으로 치료한 경험을 하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Renal insufficiency is occasionally encountered in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and its cause is difficult to ascertain. Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) related to thymic dysfunction is immune-mediated and involves autoreactivity of T-lymphocytes derived from donor marrow to recipient's major histocompatibility complex(MHC) minor antigens. The clinical mainifestations of chronic GVHD are similar to those of autoimmune disease but kidney involvement is rare. Few cases of nephrotic syndrome with membranous nephropathy or minimal change nephrotic syndrome have been reported to be associated with chronic GVHD in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient especially after cyclosporine A(CsA) withdrawal, and these cases have responded well to CsA. Therefore, it is prudent to differentiate the cause of post-transplant renal insufficiency using renal biopsy and to start CsA in a case of nephrotic syndrome associated with chronic GVHD as early as possible. We report a case who had a massive proteinuria during the post-allogeneic marrow transplantation period. The cause of nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed as IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy. The patient was successfully treated with reintroduction of CsA.

항정신병약물성 악성증후군 2례

김희철,김성욱,박영남 대한생물치료정신의학회 1995 생물치료정신의학 Vol.1 No.2

저자들은 항정신병 약물의 투여후에 고열, 의식 혼탁, 근육 강직 및 자율신경계 항진 등의 증상이 나타나서 NMS로 생각되는 2례를 경험하였고, 이 중에서 1례는 diazepam의 경구 투여에 ECT를 병행하여 극적인 호전을 보였고 다른 1례는 diazepam 단독의 경구 투여로 성공적인 치료 효과를 보였기에 문헌 고찰과 더불어 보고하였다. The authors reported two cases of neuroleptic malignant (NMS). The one case's symptoms of NMS were dramatically responsive adjuvant electroconvulsive therapy(ECT) to oral diazepam medication and the other case was successfully treated by oral diazepam medication alone. A brief review of the mode of action of ECT and diazepam on NMS was presented.

원광의대 부속 제 2병원 신경정신과 환자에 대한 통계적 고찰

박민철,김종주,박남진,오상우,권혁일,권영숙,박종호 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1986 圓光醫科學 Vol.2 No.2

We examined 1,856 patients who visited Won Kwang Neuropsychiatric hospital since July 11 of 1984(since the hospital opened) until June 11 of 1986. We researched diagnostic and other distributions of inpatients and outpatients. The study revealed as follows : 1. Of total patients males visited this hospital more than females as 52.7%. Most of them(67.1 %) resided in Iri, Iksan and Kimje. In the point of insurance, insured patients and uninsured patients except medicaids were 73 %. Males(60%) were more insured medically than females (55.4%). While insured patients relatively resided in urban area, but uninsured patients except medicaids did in rural area. 2. Of outpatients neurotic disorder was the most as 35.1%, secondly schizophrenic disorder and thirdly affective disorder, but of inpatients schizophrenic disorder was the most as 41.4%, secondly neurotic disorder thirdly affective disorder. 3. Alcohol abuse (98.2 %), paranoid disorder, convulsive disorder and child mental disorder were mostly found in males, but neurotic disorder (59 .6 %), affective disorder and other psychotic disorder were mostly found in females. 4. In unmarried ones schizophrenic disorder ( 43 .6 %), neurotic disorder, other psychotic disorder were common, but in married ones neurotic disorder (55.1 %), schizophrenic disorder, affective disorder were common. 5. On the distribution of age schizophrenic disorder was found the most in the twenties (28.4 %), next in the thirties and in the forties, but neurotic disorder was found the most in the thirties, next in the twenties and in the forties. 6. On the distribution of age at onset schizophrenic disorder develops mostly during the twenties (45.5 %), secondly during the teens and thirdly during the thirties, but neurotic disorder develops mostly during the thirties and the twenties (53.1 %). 7. On the duration of hospitalization 34.4% of the patients was hospitalized during less than 15 days, 22.0% during 60-90 days and 80.4% during less than 3 months. 8. In the result of treatment 41.2% of the patients was improved and 31.7% a little improved. In total 72.9% of the patients got helped therapeutically.

間歇的 運動에 의한 脫水 및 水分攝取의 生理的 效果

朴哲浩,朴吉俊,李相于,金永明,朴贊熙,玄松子,呂南會,朴相甲,金榮俊 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 1989 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.-

This study aims at revealing the physiological responses of dehydration (DH) and rehydration (RH) in intermittent exercises at the work intensity of 70% HR max. First, with general student public, three times of exercise (each for 20 minutes) at the given work intensity were taken, with a break for 25 minutes respectively. Their heart rate, rectal temperature and plasma electrolyte concentration both DH and RH were measured. Second, in two groups of athletes and non-athletes, 9 rounds of exercise (for 100 minutes) and 8 breaks (for 60 minutes) were taken, with RH forced 10 times to compensate for the subjects' water loss. Their change in sweat loss and plasma electrolyte concentration as well as the IVDP(Intensive Voluntary dehydration Phenomenon) were experimented. The summary of this research follows. 1) Mean heart rate and rectal temperature in intermittent exercises were higher at DH than at RH, growing up at the increasing level of DH. 2) RH saw no change in the plasma concentration of Na+, K+ and Cl-, while DH observed a significant increase. 3) HCO₃made a significant decrease at DH before growing up. 4) Mg++ had no change, while Ca++ increased significantly at RH and DH. 5) Lactate showed an increase with significance at RH and DH, especially greater at DH. 6) Osmotic pressure increased meaningfully at DH. 7) Anion gap increased significantly at DH and RH. 8) On the other hand, when the forced RH was held, the group of athletes had greater sweat loss per body surface area than that of non-athletes. 9) The athletes' plasma concentration of Na+ and Cl- revealed a clear decrease. 10) There was seen no significant change in the plasma concentration of K+, Mg++ and Ca++ in both groups. 11) The IVDP occurred at the RH of 2.3ℓfor athletes and more than 2.5ℓfor no-athletes.