일제강점기 초등교육의 본질 : 교육과정 요소를 중심으로 Goals and Objectives, Contents, Teaching Methods, and Evaluations

김경자,김민경,김인전,이경진,김유진 한국초등교육학회 2004 초등교육연구 Vol.17 No.1

이 연구에서는 초등교육의 본질을 탐색하기 위하여 일제강점기 초등교육에 대한 탐구를 하였다. 구체적으로 이 연구에서는 일제 강점기 교육제도, 교육목표, 교과 및 교육내용, 교육방법, 평가, 교원양성 등에 나타난 특수성을 탐구하고, 4차에 걸친 조선교육령 시기에 나타나는 규칙적인 현상을 밝혀보았다. 그리고 연구 결과는 이 연구에서 잠정적으로 전제한 공교육의 이상과 초등교육의 일반성과 관련지어 해석되었고, 이는 다시 현재 진행되고 있는 7차 초등교육과정과 관련하여 어떤 것이 지속되고, 어떤 것이 변화되었는지에 대한 논의로 전개되었다. 가능한 광범위하게 수집한 1차적 사료와 2차적 사료를 교육에 대한 관점별로 범주화하고 연구에서 다루고자 하는 요소별로 정리를 하였다. 필요한 경우, 직접 일제강점기 초등교육을 경험한 사람들을 면접하였다. 연구결과, 일제강점기 초등교육의 목표는 기형적인 "국민"을 길러내는 것이었으며, 이러한 목표를 달성하기 위한 교육내용, 교육방법, 교육평가는 기능적 측면에서 "잘", 효율적으로 기능할 수 있도륵 일관성을 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 교육적일 수 없는 모순을 내재한 것이 된다. 따라서 일제강점기 초등교육에서 초등교육의 본질을 찾기가 어렵다는 결론을 내릴 수 있다. This research aims to seek the real nature of elementary education by investigating the system in Korea under the rule of Japanese imperialism (1909-1945). Special characteristics are identified in their goals and objectives, contents, teaching methods, and evaluations in elementary education system during the period. Futhermore, some regular phenomena are traced out during the four-time amendments of education rules in the law. Firstly, the results of this study are described in the viewpoint of the ideals in public education, which are tentatively proposed by our authors. Secondly, they are compared and contrasted to the 7th Amended National Curriculum of Korea in terms of the perspectives of curriculum. Some parts in the research are supported by the interviewees who had experienced in the elementary education during the imperialistic period. The result suggests that the system in the colonized period was conducted to cultivate the students who were inappropriate in compared with our ideals in the education. For the goals, the elements of the system in the above were consistently maintained and functionally well-carried out. Therefore, the system was not evaluated as educative intrinsically. Henceforth, the real nature of elementry education would not be drawn in the system during the rule in conclusion.

제한된 적응증의 대퇴골 간부 골절에 사용된 역행적 골수정 삽입술

김성중,오창욱,인주철,김희수,전인호,경희수,박일형,김경훈 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.1

목 적 : 전향적 골수강내 고정술로는 치료가 힘들었던 대퇴골 간부 골절에 대해 역행적 골수강내 고정술을 시행한 후 그 결과를 분석하였다. 연구 대상 및 방법 : 대퇴골 간부 골절로 진단 후 슬관절에서 역행적으로 비확공성 골수강내 금속정(Unreamed femoral nail, Synthes R)으로 치료한 환자 중 최소 1년 이상 추시(평균; 21개월, 범위; 13개월-28개월)가 가능하였던 21명 24례의 환자를 대상으로 임상적, 방사선학적 평가를 시행하였다. 남자가 16명, 여자가 5명이었으며, 수술시 평균 연령은 41세(18-76세)이었다. Winquist-Hansen의 분류상 제1형이 10례, 제2형이 5례, 제3형이 3례, 제4행이 6례 이었으며, 전 례에서 동반된 골절 손상이 있었으며, 적용된 적응층에 따르면 동측 경골 골절이 8명, 동측 근위 대퇴골 골절)경부 및 전자부 골절) 5명, 동측 골반부 및 비구 골절 4명, 양측 대퇴골 골절 3명, 동측 슬관절 손상이 1명이었다. 방사선 소견상 골유합 시기 및 불유합, 부정유합 등을 평가하였고, 임상적 평가는 슬관절의 동통을 포함한 Neer 등에 의한 방법을 이용하였다. 결 과 : 대부분(87.5%)에서 일차적인 골유합을 얻을 수 있었으며, 평균 골유합 기간은 15.8주(범위; 12-20주)이었다. 추가적인 술식이 요구된 지연유합 또는 불유합은 3례가 있었으며, 그 외 ㎝ 이상의 단축이나 10도 이상의 부정유합 술 후 슬관절 감염 또는 불안정성이 발생한 경우는 없었다. 슬관절의 운동 평가에서 Neer score는 평균 86.9점으로, 모든 례에서 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. 평균 슬관절 운동영역은 120.2도 이었고, 3례에서 경미한 슬관절 동통을 나타냈다. 결 론 : 역행성 골수정은 동측 하지의 동반된 골절이나 다발성 골절이 있는 환자에서 대퇴골 간부 골절에 대하여 제한적으로 이용될 수 있는 유용한 방법으로 사료된다. Purpose : This is a retrospective study to analyze the results after retrograde intramedullary(IM) nailing in femoral shaft fractures with limited indications. Materials and Methods : Twenty-four femoral shaft fractures(21 patients) were operated with unreamed IM nail(Unreamed femoral nail, SynthesR) in a retrograde method and were followed for more than 1 years. There were 16 men and 5 women, and the mean age at index operation was 41 years (range 18-76 years). In Winquist-Hansen classifications, there were 10 of type Ⅰ, five of type Ⅱ, three of type Ⅲ, and ix of type Ⅳ. All the patients had associated fractures or injuries, and there were eight ipsilateral tibia fractures, five ipsilateral proximal femoral fractures(including neck and trochanter), four ipsilateral pelvic or acetabular fracture, three bilateral femoral fractures, and one ipsilateral knee injury according to the used indication, and clinical evaluation with Neer's criteria was done. Results : Most fracture(87.5%) were primarily united cases, and the mean time for union was 15.8% weeks(range 12-20 weeks). Three cases of delayed union or nonunion were developed, but a shortening over 1㎝ or malunion over 10 degrees angular deformity were not found. Evaluating the knee functions, the Neer score wes 86.9 in average and all the cases were above satisfactory grade. The average range of knee motion was 120.2 degrees, and the mild knee pain was developed in three cases. Conclusion : The retrograde IM nailing can be a useful option for femoral shaft fracture with limited indications, including ipsilateral fractures of other areas or multiple fractures.

서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

Analysis of KAP1 expression patterns and human endogenous retrovirus Env proteins in ovarian cancer

Kyung‑Yoon Jeon,Eun‑Ji Ko,Young Lim Oh,Hongbae Kim,Wan Kyu Eo,김아리,Han Gyu Sun,Meesun Ock,Ki Hyung Kim,Hee‑Jae Cha 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.10

Background Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) constitute around 8% of the human genome and have important roles in human health and disease, including cancers. Previous studies showed that HERV envelope (Env) proteins are highly expressed in cancer tissues and co-related with cancer progression. KAP1 has been reported to play a key role in regulating retrotransposons, including HERV-K, through epigenetic silencing. Objective The relationship between KAP-1 and HERV Envs expressions was analyzed only in tumor cell lines and has not yet been studied in cancer tissues. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns and relationship between KAP1 and HERV Env proteins in ovarian cancer tissues. Method The expression patterns of KAP-1 and HERV Env proteins, including HERV-K and HERV-R, were analyzed in ovarian cancer tissue microarrays that contained 80 surgical specimens, including normal ovary and malignant ovarian cancers. Results The expression of HERV-R Env and KAP1 proteins is signifcantly higher in ovarian cancer compared with normal ovary tissues. However, the expression of HERV-K Env did not change signifcantly in cancer tissues. The expression patterns of HERV-K Env and HERV-R Env signifcantly increased in early stages of cancer and KAP1 expression was higher in certain stage and types of cancers. However, the expression of HERV-K Env, HERV-R Env, and KAP1 did not change in diferent age groups. The correlation between the expression of KAP1 and HERV-Env, including HERV-K and HERV-R, was not signifcantly correlated. Conclusions The results of this study showed that there was no signifcant correlation between the expression of KAP1 and HERV Env proteins in ovarian cancer tissues, unlike studies with cell lines in vitro. These results suggest that the actual expression of HERV Env proteins in ovarian cancer tissues may be regulated through various complex factors as well as KAP1.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

리그닌을 분해하는 Streptomyces lavendulas SA-14에 의한 염료의 탈색

김태전,윤경하 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.1

This study was undertaken to investigate the activity of ligninolytic enzymes and the decolorization capability of some dyes with streptomyces lavendulas SA-14 isolated from soil and identified. Most ligninolytic enzymes exhibited the maximal activity when the strain was grown in basal medium for 6 days. Activities of LiP 2 and VAO among these enzymes exhibited 14.25 and 11.23n㏖/㎎ protein respectively. Decolorization rate of amaranth, orange Ⅱ, tropaeolin O and poly R-478 was more than 72% on 10 days incubation while that of crystal violet and malachite green was 6.7% and 6.6% respectively.

쇄목펄프폐수를 이용한 Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis의 Spore-Crystal 복합체 생산에 관하여

김영돈,김태전,윤경하 순천향대학교 1991 논문집 Vol.14 No.3

쇄목펄프공정폐수를 이용하여 상품균주인 Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Comm. B.t.i)와 serotype H-14인 Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis(Serotype B.t.i)의 spore-crystal복합체 생산성과 폐수의 BOD 감소량을 조사하였다. 펄프폐수에 Peptone 1.0%, K₂HPO₄ 0.05%, MgSO₄ㆍ7H₂O 0.01% 및 CaCl₂0.02% 등을 첨가하여 균주를 30℃에서 200rpm 으로 진탕배양했을때 Comm. B.t.i는 배양40시간에, Serotype B.t.i는 배양 32시간에 최대 생장을 나타냈다. 배양 72시간에 생성된 아포 수는 Comm. B.t.i는 8.3 ×?? spores/ml, Serotype B.t.i는 6.4 x ?? spores/ml였고, 폐수의 BOD는 71-72%의 감소를 나타냈다. 두 균주가 생성한 spore-crystal복합체의 농도가 ?? spores/ml 일때 Culex pipens 유충은 12시간내에 100% 치사되었다. Effect of some nutrient on the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis in the ground wood pulp will waste liquor was determined during an attempt to lower the BOD content of the waste liquor and to produce spore-crystal complex by bacteria. The stain applied were commercial Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Comm. B.t.i) and serotype H-14, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis(Serotype B.t.i), The necessity of the addition of 1.0% pep-tone, 0.05% K₂HPO₄, 0.01% MgSO₄7H₂O and 0.02% CaCl₂for the best growth of two strains in the waste liquor was ascertained as a result. Comm. B.t.i was at a maximal growth after the 40 hour of incubation but Serotype B.t.i, after the 32 hour of incubation of the strains in the supplemental waste liquor, spore count of Comm. B.t.i and Serotype B.t.i were 8.3 x ?? spores/ml and 6.4 x ?? spores/ml respectively and the BOD content of the waste liquor was lowered by about 70%. Two strains showed 100% of lethal rate, when Culex pipiens larvae were exposed to ?? spores/ml of concentration of spore-crystal complex.

전방 추체간 유합술 및 후방 고정술시 추간판, 추간공 및 척추관의 변화

전창훈,김용찬,김남현,송경훈 대한척추외과학회 2004 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.11 No.1

건축물의 LCC Database 구축에 관한 연구

전찬민,우경헌,김중현,김경업,박태근 목원대학교 건축도시연구센터 2003 建築·都市環境硏究 Vol.11 No.-

The importance of LCC analysis has been enlarged. Also, it would be necessary to computerize LCC analysis for accurate and logical analysis of LCC. In other papers, they showed LCC analysis model but the study of database development which could be applied in LCC analysis have been undeveloped. This study showing the development of common database for the LCC analysis computerization inquires into cost breakdown structure by previous researches. Also, it makes cost breakdown structure for deriving LCC cost item. As a result, the standard of LCC analysis computerization by developing LCC DB of cost breakdown structure would be shown.

오존처리의 고급산화법에 의한 衛生處理場 放流水 處理

김경환,유수현,김전희,백순기 동신대학교 환경연구소 1997 환경연구 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구는 위생처리장 방류수를 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 방법을 모색하기 위한 기초연구로써 수행되었다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위하여 O₃을 이용하였으며, 분뇨처리수를 재처리하여 pH, 색도제거효과, COD 제거효과, T-N NH₃-N NO₃-N 등을 분석하였다. 분석을 통한 연구결과로서 O₃에 의한 색도의 제거는 86.3%정도로 나타났고, COD는 30분 접촉시 COD가 25.2%의 제거율을 보였다. 그러나 시료중의 질소성분에 대한 제거율은 거의 영향이 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. This study is aimed to research treatment of Night Soil Plants effluent by using O₃, and in the points of pH, Color, COD, T-N, NH₃-N, NO₃-N, and treatment efficiency are investigated. O₃ concentration is 38.8 mg/ℓ, contact times are 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 min increasingly. Optimum efficiency is in the case of 30 min contacting. The result of optimum efficiencis are as followings; 1. Color is removed 86.3%. 2. COD is removed 25.2%. 3. NH₃-N is converted to NO₃-N, and T-N concentration variation is not detectable. 4. O₃ is reasonable to remove color, because it has strog oxidation power to conjugated double bond in the chrome group especialy.