비만 여성을 대상으로 한 해조류 추출물의 국부처치와 운동 병행을 통한 지방분해 효과의 임상적 검정

서태수,이인숙,변재철,김규호,박승한,김유영,김상국,김현정,김상기,신동철,성미영,박종석,김종기,박언휘 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.3

This study was carried out to test the body fat breakdown during topical seaweed extract treatment and in combination with the aerobic exercise. Of 20 female obesity subjects, ten treated a cream types of seaweed extract(control group) and ten treated a placebo cream(placebo group). Topical treatment of each sample was designed for 4 weeks, and treated with 2 times a day about 10ml on the abdomen and the thigh, respectively. All subjects were participated aerobic dance half hour a day and four times a week. After 4 weeks of topical treatment and exercise, they were measured body fat, skinfold thickness, body circumference. Then venous blood samples were taken and analyzed blood cells, serum enzymes, and serum lipids. There were reduction of body weight, % of body fat, antebrachium, brachium, chest, waist, thigh circumference and abdomen thickness between pre and post treatment in both group. Especially, body weight and % of body fat significantly reduced in the subjects treating the seaweed extract than those treating the placebo. There were significant decrement in total cholesterol and LDL whereas increment in HDL and TBIL in the control group, but no significant difference in the placebo group. In conclusion, there were 7.6% of body fat reduction during 4 weeks of aerobic exercise and 21% of body fat reducement in combination of topical seaweed treatment and exercise, respectively. These results suggest that the topical treatment of seaweed extract should be very effective for fat breakdown. Especially, the body fat breakdown maximized in the combination with the topical seaweed extracts treatment and the aerobic exercise.

대형정신병원 입원환자의 수면제 처방에 관련된 인자

김현숙,서혜수,송인제,손진욱 대한생물치료정신의학회 1997 생물치료정신의학 Vol.3 No.1

만성화된 환자들이 주로 입원하여 있는 대형정신병원에서 수면제의 처방에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 조사해 보고자 하였다. 1996년 10월 2일 국립부곡정신병원에 입원해 있는 환자 402명을 대상으로 병록지조사를 통해 입원시부터 조사당일까지의 수면제 사용을 조사였다. 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 여부, 담당의사의 p.r.n. order에 의한 처방 여부, 당직의사에 의한 수면제 처방 여부를 조사하여 환자의 나이, 성별, 진단, 입원횟수, 유병기간, 담당의사의 정신과 근무 연수 등의 변수에 따라 비교해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 207명(51.5%)이 재원기간동안 최소한 일회 이상 수면제를 복용하였고, 195명(48.5%)은 수면제를 복용한 적이 없었다. 2) 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 남자에 비해 여자에서 높았다. 3) 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 전문의가 담당의사인 환자군에서 높았다. 4) 담당의사의 p.r.n. order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 전공의 1년차가 담당하는 환자나 전문의가 담당하는 환자에서 높았다. 5) 연령, 진단, 유병기간, 입원횟수 등은 수면제 처방의 빈도와 유의한 관계가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 국립부곡정신병원의 입원환자에서 수면제의 처방이 환자의 성별과 담당의사의 정신과 근무 연수와 관계됨을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that were associated with the prescription of hypnotics in inpatients of a large mental hospital. The medical records were reviewed in 402 inpatients who were admitting in Bugok National Mental Hospital at October 2, 1996. The results were as follows: 1) Fifty-one percent of the whole group received a hypnotics at least once during hospitalization. 2) The prescription of hypnotics by routine order of doctor in charge was more frequent in female patients than male patients. 3) The prescription of hypnotics by routine order of doctor in change was more frequent in patients whose doctor in charge was a psychiatric specialist than patients whose doctor in charge was a psychiatric resident. 4) The prescription of hypnotics by p.r.n. order of doctor in charge was more frequent in patients whose doctor in charge was a first-year psychiatric resident or a psychiatric specialist than a second, a third, or a forth-year psychiatric resident. 5) Age, duration of illness, frequency of admission, and diagnosis were not significantly associated with frequency of hypnotics prescription. These findings suggest that the prescription of hypnotics in inpatients of Bugok National Mental Hospital was positively associated with patient's sex and duration of service of doctor in charge.

4륜구동 접이식 초소형 전기자동차 개발을 위한 In-wheel 모터 제어 시험장치 개발과 해석

정광우(Kwangwoo Jeong),이기범(Kibeom Lee),이민영(Minyoung Lee),서인수(In-Soo Suh) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5

As air pollution problem and scarcity of natural resources have been a big issue throughout the world, electric vehicle became alternative to the combustion engine driven vehicles. While lots of research and development are performed on electric vehicles, including charging infrastructure test bed launches, the micro-size electric vehicle is recently considered as a new urban transportation mode. In addition, a foldable body concept applied to the micro electric vehicles can be considered as an innovative design in automotive industry. With the foldable body powered by electric motors, the in-wheel electric motor design can provide huge benefit in design of the vehicle. In this paper, a motor performance test rig has been built with the in-wheel motor assembly in a wheel. The main objective of the test rig is to verify the motor control algorithm and design with a single set of the in-wheel motor assembly. The test rig system is composed of a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor installed in a wheel, a load motor drive system, DC power supply battery system, and a motor controller. The dynamic model for the drive and load motor has been established in order to obtain the dynamic response characteristic of the test rig system.

Transfer of ultrathin molybdenum disulfide and transparent nanomesh electrode onto silicon for efficient heterojunction solar cells

Kang, Sung Bun,Kwon, Ki Chang,Choi, Kyoung Soon,Lee, Rochelle,Hong, Kootak,Suh, Jun Min,Im, Min Ji,Sanger, Amit,Choi, In Young,Kim, Soo Young,Shin, Jae Cheol,Jang, Ho Won,Choi, Kyoung Jin Elsevier 2018 Nano energy Vol.50 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are very promising for photovoltaic (PV) applications due to their excellent light absorption properties and appropriate bandgap energy, Although multifunctional applications of TMDCs in photovoltaic devices have been achieved, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency under 1 sun is still very low with small active area because of their inexpedient high sheet resistance and limitation of synthesis techniques. In this study, we demonstrate uniform synthesis of 4-in. wafer-scale MoS<SUB>2</SUB> thin films by thermal decomposition of solution precursors. The solar cells are fabricated by transferring n-MoS<SUB>2</SUB> thin films on p-Si substrates to form p-n heterojunctions and then transferring Au nanomeshes prepared in a novel surface treatment as transparent top electrodes onto MoS<SUB>2</SUB>. The circular n-MoS<SUB>2</SUB>/p-Si heterojunction solar cell exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 5.96% at a diameter of 0.3 in. and proved to be easily scalable to 1-in. diameter with 5.18% efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, the solar cells of this study are the most efficient and the largest in all types of solar cells based on TMDC reported so far. Finally, based on finite difference time-domain simulation, we proposed a strategy for implementing n-MoS<SUB>2</SUB>/p-Si heterojunction solar cell with efficiency higher than 15% by introducing optimal doping control of n-MoS<SUB>2</SUB> and efficient anti-reflection layers.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The large scale, uniform (4-in.) MoS<SUB>2</SUB> thin films are synthesized. </LI> <LI> High transparent, low sheet resistances electrodes are fabricated in a novel way. </LI> <LI> The efficient MoS<SUB>2</SUB> based solar cells are developed by all transfer process including top electrodes. </LI> <LI> The highest, largest MoS<SUB>2</SUB> p-Si/ heterojunction solar cells are demonstrated. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P> <B>The highest performance (5.96%), largest area (1 in.) n-MoS2/p-Si solar cells with transparent electrodes fabricated by a novel way.</B> The transparent electrodes lowers the series resistance of the fabricated solar cells, facilitating the collection of photo-generated carriers from the junction. In our knowledge, we have achieved the highest photovoltaic performance at largest active area by using transparent nanomesh electrode among TMDC based solar cells.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

[Ca(2+)]-dependent generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species mediates maitotoxin-induced cellular responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Yi, Sun-Ju,Kim, Kyung Hwan,Choi, Hyun Jung,Yoo, Je Ok,Jung, Hyo-Il,Han, Jeong-A,Kim, Young-Myeong,Suh, In Bum,Ha, Kwon-Soo Korean Society of Molecular Biology 2006 Molecules and cells Vol.21 No.1

<P>Maitotoxin (MTX) is known as one of the most potent marine toxins involved in Ciguatera poisoning, but intracellular signaling pathways caused by MTX was not fully understood. Thus, we have investigated whether intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in MTX-induced cellular responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. MTX induced a dose-dependent increase of intracellular [Ca(2+)]. MTX stimulated the production of intracellular ROS in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was suppressed by BAPTA-AM, an intracellular Ca(2+) che-lator. Ionomycin also elevated the ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. MTX elevated transamidation activity in a time-dependent manner and the activation was largely inhibited by transfection of tissue transglutaminase siRNA. The activation of tissue transglutaminase and ERK1/2 by MTX was sup-pressed by BAPTA-AM or ROS scavengers. In addition, MTX-induced cell death was significantly de-layed by BAPTA-AM or a ROS scavenger. These results suggest that [Ca(2+)]-dependent generation of in-tracellular ROS, at least in part, play an important role in MTX-stimulated cellular responses, such as activation of tTGase, ERK phosphorylation, and in-duction of cell death, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.</P>

甲狀腺 濾胞性 腺腫의 微細形態學的 硏究

서인수,김태룡,손태중 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1991 慶北醫大誌 Vol.32 No.1

갑상선의 선종의 미세형태학적 변화를 알아보기 위하여 인체에서 수술로 적출한 갑상선 선종 총87예 중 scintigram살 cold결절로 나타난 선종 12예를 전자현미경으로 관찰하였던 바 그 성적을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 먼저 Bo¨cker 등이 분류한 세포형에 따라 분류하였던 바 주세포형이 5예,mitochondria풍성형이 2예, ergatoplasm풍성형이 3예, 청명세포형이 1예 이었으며 1예는 혼합형이었다. Mitochondria풍성형 세포는 Hu¨rthle세포와 명칭상 혼돈할 수 있으므로 small-lysosome-rich cell로 개칭할 것을 제안한다. 간질에 있는 모세혈관은 fenestration형과 연속형이 혼재해 있으며, fenestration형에서도 fenestration이 감소되는 경향을 보여 주었다. 모든 종양세포는 비록 colloid형이라 할지라도 세포질내의 소기관들이 매우 풍성하여 이는 결절성 비대증과 감별할 수 있는 구별점이 될 수 있다고 생각된다. This study is carried out to investigate the fine structures of follicular adenoma of thyroid. From the 64 cases of surgically excised thyroid adenoma, 12 cases were selected, which presented as cold nodules in scintigram and examined by electron microscope. The result obtained were summarized as follow: The tumors could be classified as 5 cases of main cell type, 2 cases of mitochondria-rich cell type, 2 cases of ergatoplasm-rich cell type, and 1 case of clear cell type on the basis of the criteria suggested by Bo¨cker. Remaining one case was composed of mixed cellular type. It was suggested to change the term for the mitochondria-rich cell to small0lysosome-rich cells, to avoid confustion with Hu¨rthle cell. Capillaries on the interestitium showed mixture of fenestration type and continuous type. And fenestrations were decreased even in fenestretion type capillaries. All the tumor cells had rich cytoplasmic organelles even in colloid adenoma, what could be the clue for differentiation from nodular goiter.

부비동 환기의 연구를 위한 인체 비부비동 모형

정용수,김상렬,김동환,정동근,최순섭,정인호,서세훈 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.9

Design and experimental analysis of an efficient HVAC (heating, ventilation, air-conditioning) system on an electric bus with dynamic on-road wireless charging

Suh, In-Soo,Lee, Minyoung,Kim, Jedok,Oh, Sang Taek,Won, Jong-Phil Elsevier 2015 ENERGY Vol.81 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The design, control and experimental verification of an HVAC (heating, ventilation, air-conditioning) system to achieve high operational efficiency for an electric bus equipped with a dynamic wireless charging capability are described in this paper. Target power capacities of the HVAC system have been set as 28 kW of cooling and 26 kW of heating with a 600 V in-vehicle environment with COPs (coefficient of performance) of more than 1.6 for cooling and 2.6 for heating, which are required for customer's comfort. For an efficient HVAC system design, an integrated air-conditioning with a heat pump system is proposed and analyzed to meet the objectives of the HVAC system, incorporating the waste heat recovery from the drive motor, its driver, and other wireless charging electric modules. In addition, a control algorithm for operational energy management, considering the real-time power consumption and the wirelessly delivered power, is also proposed and verified to secure an actual operational energy consumption target. Through the component- and vehicle-level of the experimental performance verification, combined with energy demand dynamic model, the proposed HVAC system is verified experimentally to meet target power capacities and efficiency measures for cooling and heating, which are important to electric buses, especially with dynamic wireless charging capability.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Design, control and experimental verification of electrical HVAC system is discussed. </LI> <LI> 600 V high-voltage electric bus with dynamic wireless charging is analyzed in HVAC efficiency. </LI> <LI> Integrated heating and cooling system applying heat pump is developed and verified. </LI> <LI> An actual electric bus on dynamic wireless charging track is used in HVAC evaluation. </LI> </UL> </P>

Cycloheximide가 膵臟腺房細胞에 미치는 影響에 關한 微細形態學的 硏究

徐仁壽,洪錫宰 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶北醫大誌 Vol.21 No.2

蛋白合成障碍가 膵臟腺房細胞의 微細構造 및 自家貪食力에 미치는 影響을 알아보기 爲해 흰쥐에 cycloheximide와 自家貪食亢進劑인 neutral red를 單獨 또 倂合 投與하여 惹起된 微細形態學的 變化를 電子顯微鏡으로 觀察하였던 바를 要約하면 다음과 같다. Cycloheximide는 膵臟腺房細胞에 比較的 初期에서부터 Golgi complex의 腫脹, ER膜에 附着된 ribosome의 脫落을 主로 한 輕한 變化를 일으켰다. 60分이 經過하면 ER 및 mitochondria의 輕한 腫脹, 脫落된 ribosome의 破壞 및 消失等을 볼 수 있었으나 그 程度는 輕微하였다. Autophagic vacuole의 計數는 對照群이 한 腺房當 10.1±2.2個, neutral red投與群이 54.4±4.9個, cycloheximide와 neutral red를 同時에 投與한 群에서는 21.5±4.1개, cycloheximide投與 30分 後 neutral red 投與群에서는 9.7±2.7個이었다. 이와 같은 事實은 cycloheximide가 autophagic vacuole形成에 抑制的 效果가 있다는 것을 意味하며 autophagic vacuole의 形成에는 어떤 形態로든 새로운 蛋白合成이 必要하다는 것을 示唆하는 것이라 생각된다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of cycloheximide, known as an inhibitor of protein synthesis at the level of polypetide elongation, on the fine structures of pancreatic acinar cells. Also studied was the effects of protein synthesis inhibition by cycloheximide on the neutral red-induced autophagocytosis. Twenty-one male albino rats, maintained on water only for 12 hours, weighing 200㎎. in average, were divided into 5 groups, 3 rats for each groups except Group 2. Group 1: This is to serve as a control group. Two consecutive doses of 0.4㎖. of saline per 100 gm. of body weight were given intraperitoneally to 3 rats at interval of 30 minutes. Group 2: A dose of 2 mg. of cycloheximide per 100gm. of body weight was given to 9 rats intraperitoneally and 3 animals each were sacrificed 30, 60 and 90 minutes after injection, respectively. Group 3: A dose of 2mg. of neutral red per 100gm. of body weight was given to 3 rats intraperitoneally, 30 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of 0.4 ㎖ of saline per gm. of body weight. Group 4: A dose of 2㎎. of neutral red per 100gm. of body weight was given to 3 rats intraperitoneally, 30 minutes after intraperitioneal injection of 2㎎. of cycloheximide per 100gm. of body weight. Group 5: Simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of 2 ㎎. of neutral red and 2㎎. of cycloheximide per 100gm. of body weight was given to 3 rats. All animals were sacrificed 60 minutes after the the last injection except Group 2. Pancreas extirpated for both light and electron microscopic studies. The results were summarized as follow: Cycloheximide induced moderate dilatation of Golgi complex aad detachment of ribosomes from RER membrane from early stage (sacrificed 30 minute after injection). Mild swelling of RER and mitochondria along with destruction and disappearance of detached ribosomes were noted in the animals sacrificed 60 and 90 minutes after injection (Group 2). The number of autophagic vacules per acinus was 10.1±2.2 in the control group (Group 1); 54.4±4.9 in neutral red only group (Group 3); 21.5±4.1 in neutral red simultaneous with cycloheximide group(Group 5); 9.7±2.7 in the group with neutural red administered 30 minutes after cycloheximide injection(Group 4). The results showed marked inhibitory effects of cycloheximide on the neutral red-induced autophagocytosis, suggesting need for do novo synthesis of protein in the formation of the autophagic vacuoles.

아시아 지역 폐렴 구균의 항균제 내성 현황 및 변화 양상 : Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) Study

정숙인,김나영,손준성,기현균,고관수,서지연,장현하,김연숙,오원섭,백경란,이남용,송재훈,항생제 내성 감시를 위한 아시아 연합 (ANSORP) 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.1

목적 : 1980년대부터 페니실린을 비롯한 β-lactam 계열과 비 β-lactam 계열 항균제에 대한 폐렴구균의 항생제 내성이 급격하게 증가하여 국내 뿐 아니라 세계적인 문제로 대두되고 있다. ANSORP 에서는 아시아 지역에서 폐렴구균의 항균제 내성과 그 변화 추이, 내성의 기전 및 위험인자를 분석하고자 본 국제 공동 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 1999년 11월부터 2001년 8월까지 아시아 지역 12개국의 14개 기관에서 폐렴구균 감염증 환자의 임상 검체로 분리된 침습성 폐렴구균을 대상으로 액체배지 미량희석법을 이용하여 16개 항생제의 MIC를 구하였다. 위험인자의 분석을 위하여 폐렴구균 감염증 환자를 대상으로 의무기록지를 조사하였다. Quellung 반응을 통해 혈청형을 결정하였다. 결과 : 총 685균주 중 52.4%가 페니실린에 대하여 비감수성(중등도 내성 22.9%, 내성 29.5%)을 보였고, 그 빈도는 베트남(92.1%), 스리랑카(85.7%), 홍콩(67.9%), 한국(64.5%)의 순이었다. Erythromycin에 대한 비감수성 비율은 베트남(92.1%), 대만(87.7%), 한국(80.6%), 홍콩(76.8%) 등에서 높게 나타났고, 베트남, 대만, 한국, 홍콩 등의 erythromycin의 MIC_(90)이 32㎍/mL를 넘는 고도내성을 보였다. 홍콩, 싱가포르, 대만, 인도에서는 fluoroquinolone에 대한 내성 균주가 출현하였다. 전체 균주 중 다제내성 균주의 비율은 47.7%였다. 혈청형은 19형과 23형이 가장 많았고, 그 외 6형, 14형 등이 있었다. 페니실린 비감수성 감염증의 위험인자로는 5세 미만(OR=1.7; 95%, CI, 1.2-2.4; P=0.002), 기관지폐질환(OR=2.0; 95%, CI, 1.3-3.1; P=0.003), 악성종양(OR=2.3; 95%, CI, 1.2-4.6; P=0.015), 스테로이드의 사용(OR=2.8; 95%, CI, 1.1-7.4; P=0.032)이 확인되었다. 결론 : 침습성 폐렴구균 균주를 대상으로 한 본 연구의 결과 아시아 국가들에서 페니실린, β-lactam 및 macrolide에 대한 폐렴구균의 내성률 및 내성 정도가 급증하고 있음을 확인하였다. Background : Emergence of pneumococcal resistance became a global issue since 1990s. According to the ANSORP studies with clinical isolates and carriage isolates between 1996 and 1999, some Asian countries showed alarmingly high prevalence of resistance to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents. To investigate the changing trends of pneumococcal resistance, ANSORP study group has performed a multinational surveillance study with invasive pneumococcal isolates from Asian countries. Methods : All isolates from various invasive pneumococcal diseases were prospectively collected from 14 centers in 12 countries between November 1999 to August 2001. Broth microdilution tests with 16 antimicrobial agents were performed according to the NCCLS procedures. Serotyping was performed by means of Quelling reaction with use of group-specific antisera. Results : A total of 685 isolates were collected. Overall, 52.4% of invasive isolates from Asian countries were not susceptible to penicillin (intermediate (1), 22.9%, Resistant (R), 29.5%). Vietnam showed the highest prevalence of penicillin non-susceptibility (1 20.6%, R 71.4%) followed by Sri Lanka (1 71.4%, R 14.3%), Hong Kong (1 24.1%, R 76%) and Korea (1 9.7%, R 54.8%). China (I 19.8%, R 23.4%) and Malaysia (1 9.1%, R 29.5%) also showed remarkable increase in penicillin resistance compared with previous ANSORP data, which were less than 10%. Vietnam (92.1%), Taiwan (87.7%), Korea (80.6%), and Hong Kong (76.8%) showed high prevalence of erythromycin resistance. MIG_(90)S for ciprofloxacin were 4 ㎍/mL (Hong Kong) and 2 ㎍/mL (11 Asian countries except Hong Kong), respectively. Conclusion : Compared with previous data from ANSORP studies, antimicrobial resistance among invasive pneumococcal isolates has markedly increased in Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, China, and Malaysia. Continuous surveillance of pneumococcal resistance in Asia is strongly warranted.