망막분지정맥폐쇄에 의한 황반부종에서 유리체강내 베바시주맙 주입술의 장기효과

송인제,김현웅,윤일한,In Je Song,MD,Hyun Woong Kim,MD,PhD,Il Han Yun,MD,PhD 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.2

Purpose: To report the long term effects of intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVAI) for the treatment of macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: In this retrospective study, 47 consecutive patients (47 eyes) whose visual acuity under 20/40 and macular thickness over 250 μm from BRVO received IVAI (1.25 mg). All patients were observed over 12 months. The patients were classified into three groups: one, resolved macular edema after first injection, second, persistant, third, recurrant. At 12 months after injection, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were compared with one another. Results: Comparing with baseline BCVA (0.96 ± 0.32, 1.13 ± 0.42, 0.85 ± 0.24 log MAR unit), the mean at 12 months was significantly increased (0.50 ± 0.30, 0.76 ± 0.51, 0.55 ± 0.35) in each group. The mean CMT at baseline was 510.84 (± 171.07), 538.5 (± 216.87), 522.6 (± 101.82) μm decreased to 211.58 (± 42.74), 232 (± 132.68), 270.6 (± 85.27). Conclusions: IVAI was a result of significant decrease of CMT with improvement of BCVA in patients with BRVO after a follow- up of 12 months. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(2):283-290

전기경련치료가 정신분열증 환자의 면역기능에 미치는 영향

송인제,윤혜원,박철수 대한신경정신의학회 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.6

In order to elucidate the effects of multiple electroconvulsive therapy(ECT) on immunological functions in schizophrenic patients, the author measured T-cell subpopulations, contents of serum immunoglobulins, and hormonal changes before and after 10 sessions of ECT. Subjects were classified into the positive and the negative groups by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and into the improved and the not-improved groups according to the change of total scores of PANSS. The results were as follows ; 1) All of the schizophrenic, positive, and negative groups showed decreased CD8+ cell % and increased CD4+/C D 8+ ratio after 10 sessions of ECT. 2) Before ECT, IgD level in the improved group was significantly higher than that in the not-improved group, while the numbers of lymphocyte, T-cell and CD8+ cell in the improved group were significantly lower than those in the not-improved group. Above results suggest that multiple ECT could increase cellular immune functions in the schizophrenic patients, and IgD level and the numbers of lymphocyte, T-cell and CD8+ cell might be therapeutic predictors of multiple ECT.

근거리‐원거리 사시각 불일치를 보인 외사시에서 양안 외직근 근경사후전술의 효과

송인제,이슬기,In Je Song,Sul Gee Lee 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.2

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of slanted recession of the lateral rectus (LR) muscle for exodeviation with larger deviation angle at near than far fixation. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 31 patients. Seventeen patients underwent slanted LR recession, the upper fiber of the LR was recessed according to the distance deviation angle and the lower fiber was recessed according to the near deviation. Fourteen patients underwent classic recession. To evaluate the effect of slant LR recession, postoperative ocular alignment between them was checked at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after operation. Results: At the postoperative 6 months, bilateral slanted LR recession reduced the mean exodeviation at near from 33.82 PD to 7.29 PD, and same amount recession group reduced 33.67 PD to 11.13 PD. The far deviation change was from 25.59 PD to 2.59 PD, 23.67 PD to 4.00 PD in each group. The change of near-distance difference was from 10.29 PD to 4.71 PD in slanted recession group, and 9.67 PD to 7.93 PD in same amount recession group, showed that slanted recession group reduced angle more significantly (p = 0.002). Success rate was 35% in bilateral slanted LR recession group, 7% in classic recession group, showed that slanted recession group had significantly high success rate (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Bilateral slanted LR recession effectively reduces near and distance exodeviation angle, and reduces near-distance incomitance more superior to classic bilateral LR recession technique. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(2):311-315

정신경련치료가 정신분열증 환자의 면역기능에 미치는 영향

박철수,윤혜원,송인제 大韓神經精神醫學會 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.6

In order to elucidate the effects of multiple electroconvulsive therapy(ECT) in immunological functions in schizophrenic patients, the author measured T-cell subpopulations, contents of serum immunoglobulins, and hormonal changes before and after 10 sessions of ECT. Subjects were classified into the positive and the negative groups by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and into the improved and the not-improved groups according to the change of total scores of PANSS. The results were as follows : 1) All of the schizophrenic, positive, and negative groups showed decreased CD8+ cell % and increased CD4+/CD8+ ratio after 10 sessions of ECT. 2) Before ECT, IgD level in the improved group was significantly higher than that in the not-improved group, while the numbers of lymphocyte, T-cell and CD8+ cell in the improved group were significantly lower than those in the not-improved group. Above results suggest that multiple ECT could increase cellular immune functions in the schizophrenic patients, and IgD level and the number of hymphocyte, T-cell and CD8+ cell might be therapeutic predictors of multiple ECT.

치료불응성 정신분열증에 대한 Risperidone의 치료효과에 관한 Haloperidol과의 비교연구

이광원,윤태호,이 철,장기용,성기수,송인제 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.6

연구목적 : 저자들은 clozapine과 비교시 위험한 부작용이 없으며 안전성이 높은. 새로운 항정신병 약물인 risperidone의 치료불응성 정신분열증에 대한 치료적 효과 여부를 haloperidol과 비교하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 국립부곡정신병원에 입원한 정신분열증 환자들 중에서 전향적인 약물시도를 통해서 치료불응성이 확인된 환자 34명(risperidone투여군 16명, haloperidol투여군 18명)에 대해서 각각 0. 2. 4. 8. 12주에 Clinical Global Impression(CGI)과 Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS)를 평가자의 단일맹검 상태가 확보된 상태에서 시행했다. 결 과: Risperidone 투여군에서 약물투여 8주 이후 4명(25%)의 환자가 항정신병 약물치료에 반응을 보였으며 반응군을 내지 못한 haloperidol투여군과 반응률에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. BPRS의 항목별로 살펴본 결과. risperidone이 haloperidol보다 광범위한 중상들에 대해서 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론: Risperidone은 기존의 향정신병 약물에 대해서 치료적 반응을 보이지 않는 치료불응성 정신분열증환자들에게 안전하게 일차적으로 시도해 볼 수 있는 약물이다. 0bjectives : We attempted to investigate clinical efficacy of risperidone a new antipsychotic agent with high safety and without life-threatening side effect such as agranuloartosis, in refiactory schizophrenia compared with a haloperidol, well-known antipsychotic agent. Methods : Thirty-four subjects(risperidone group 16, haloperidol group 18), who had been proved to be refractory schizophrenics with prospective antipsychotic treatment with at least 2 antipsychotic agents belonging to different chemical groups from each other, were examined with Clinical Global Impression(CGI) and 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) at 0, 2nd,4th,8th, and 12th week from start of drug administration. Those scales were rated in the single-blind manner. Results : End-point response rate of risperidone was 25%(4 subjects), and that of haloperidol was zero. Difference of the response rates between risperidone and haloperidol was statistically significant. Broader spectrum of symptoms was improved with risperidone treatment than with haloperidol. Conclusion : Risperidone is an antipsychotic agent that clinicians can primarily and effectively try in the refractory schizophrenics with high safety.

롤투롤 시스템 장력 거동 및 커피 스테이닝 현상 고려 코팅층 폭 방향 두께 균일도 분석

송인제(I. Song),조민호(M. Jo),김민재(M. Kim),이창우(C. Lee) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2023 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.5

대형정신병원 입원환자의 수면제 처방에 관련된 인자

김현숙,서혜수,송인제,손진욱 대한생물치료정신의학회 1997 생물치료정신의학 Vol.3 No.1

만성화된 환자들이 주로 입원하여 있는 대형정신병원에서 수면제의 처방에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 조사해 보고자 하였다. 1996년 10월 2일 국립부곡정신병원에 입원해 있는 환자 402명을 대상으로 병록지조사를 통해 입원시부터 조사당일까지의 수면제 사용을 조사였다. 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 여부, 담당의사의 p.r.n. order에 의한 처방 여부, 당직의사에 의한 수면제 처방 여부를 조사하여 환자의 나이, 성별, 진단, 입원횟수, 유병기간, 담당의사의 정신과 근무 연수 등의 변수에 따라 비교해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 207명(51.5%)이 재원기간동안 최소한 일회 이상 수면제를 복용하였고, 195명(48.5%)은 수면제를 복용한 적이 없었다. 2) 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 남자에 비해 여자에서 높았다. 3) 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 전문의가 담당의사인 환자군에서 높았다. 4) 담당의사의 p.r.n. order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 전공의 1년차가 담당하는 환자나 전문의가 담당하는 환자에서 높았다. 5) 연령, 진단, 유병기간, 입원횟수 등은 수면제 처방의 빈도와 유의한 관계가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 국립부곡정신병원의 입원환자에서 수면제의 처방이 환자의 성별과 담당의사의 정신과 근무 연수와 관계됨을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that were associated with the prescription of hypnotics in inpatients of a large mental hospital. The medical records were reviewed in 402 inpatients who were admitting in Bugok National Mental Hospital at October 2, 1996. The results were as follows: 1) Fifty-one percent of the whole group received a hypnotics at least once during hospitalization. 2) The prescription of hypnotics by routine order of doctor in charge was more frequent in female patients than male patients. 3) The prescription of hypnotics by routine order of doctor in change was more frequent in patients whose doctor in charge was a psychiatric specialist than patients whose doctor in charge was a psychiatric resident. 4) The prescription of hypnotics by p.r.n. order of doctor in charge was more frequent in patients whose doctor in charge was a first-year psychiatric resident or a psychiatric specialist than a second, a third, or a forth-year psychiatric resident. 5) Age, duration of illness, frequency of admission, and diagnosis were not significantly associated with frequency of hypnotics prescription. These findings suggest that the prescription of hypnotics in inpatients of Bugok National Mental Hospital was positively associated with patient's sex and duration of service of doctor in charge.

흑연과 LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2로 구성된 완전지의 과방전 중 전기화학적 거동분석

김봉진,윤건우,송인제,류지헌 한국전기화학회 2023 한국전기화학회지 Vol.26 No.1

As the use of lithium-ion secondary batteries is rapidly increasing due to the rapid growth of the electric vehicle market, the disposal and recycling of spent batteries after use has been raised as a serious problem. Since stored energy must be removed in order to recycle the spent batteries, an effective discharging process is required. In this study, graphite and NCM622 were used as active materials to manufacture coin-type half cells and full cells, and the electrochemical behavior occurring during overdischarge was analyzed. When the positive and negative electrodes are overdischarged respectively using a half-cell, a conversion reaction in which transition metal oxide is reduced to metal occurs first in the positive electrode, and a side reaction in which Cu, the current collector, is corroded following decomposition of the SEI film occurs in the negative electrode. In addition, a side reaction during overdischarge is difficult to occur because a large polarization at the initial stage is required. When the full cell is overdischarged, the cell reaches 0 V and the overdischarge ends with almost no side reaction due to this large polarization. However, if the full cell whose capacity is degraded due to the cycle is overdischarged, corrosion of the Cu current collector occurs in the negative electrode. Therefore, cycled cell requires an appropriate treatment process because its electrochemical behavior during overdischarge is different from that of a fresh cell. 전기자동차 시장의 급속한 성장으로 이차전지의 사용이 급증함에 따라 사용 후 전지의 폐기 및 재활용이 심각한 문제로 제기되고 있다. 사용 후 리튬이온 전지를 처리하기 위해서는 저장된 에너지를 제거하기 위하여 효과적으로 방전하는 과정이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 흑연과 LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622)을 사용하여 코인셀 형태로 반쪽전지 및 완전지를 제조하였고, 이를 과방전할 때 발생하는 전기화학적 거동에 대하여 분석하였다. 반쪽전지를 사용하여 양극과 음극을 각각 과방전시키면, 양극에서는 먼저 전이금속 산화물이 금속으로 환원되는 전환반응을 겪게 되며, 음극에서는 SEI 피막의 분해에 이어 집전체인 Cu가 용출되는 부반응이 발생하였다. 또한, 이러한 과방전의 발생 시에는 큰 분극을 필요로 하였다. 완전지의 과방전 시에는 각각의 부반응이 진행되는 시점에 존재하는 큰 분극들로 인하여 부반응의 본격적인 발생 전에 0 V에 도달하여 방전이 종료되었다. 그러나, 사이클을 통하여 용량이 퇴화된 완전지의 경우에는 과방전 거동이 변화하여 음극에서 Cu 집전체의 부식이 발생됨을 확인하였다. 따라서, 사용 후 전지는 사용 전의 전지와는 과방전 시에 다른 거동을 지니고 있으므로 이러한 점들이 고려되어야 한다.