Two Types of Negation in Let Imperatives

Hye ran Lee,Jong Un Park 한국생성문법학회 2014 생성문법연구 Vol.24 No.3

This paper aims to complement Park's (2013) approach to let imperatives by presenting new data. Based on Zanuttini's (1996) generalization about the dependency between the presence of TP and the availability of sentential negation, Park claims that the complement clause selected by -key-ha 'let' in Korean can be negated because of the presence of TP, but the one selected by let in English cannot due to the absence of TP. Although his analysis of the distribution of sentential negation is on the right track, there are English data in which the lower clause of let imperatives can be negated with not. We bring together a wider range of data of let imperatives from various sources, which include not only the data with a sequence of Let not NP VP but also those with a sequence of Let NP not VP. These two patterns of negation are reported to be unavailable in let imperatives by Park (2013), which traces back to Potsdam (1998). However, this paper shows with several diagnostics that not serving to negate the lower clause in these two patterns is no t 'sentential' but 'constituent' negation. The conclusion we draw is that despite the structural difference of the lower clause, there is no difference in logical possibilities of negation of the lower clause between the English let imperatives and Korean key-ha-la imperatives.

천안지역 일부 다중이용시설의 포름알데히드 농도에 관한 연구

전혜리(Hye-li Jeon),조수연(Su-yeon Jo),조혜란(Hye-ran Jo),조태진(Tae-Jjn Cho),박종안(Jong-an Park),손부순(Bu-soon Son) 대한환경위생공학회 2009 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.24 No.2

This study was conducted at a Terminal, a Parking Lot, an Underground shopping center, a Funeral hall and a Hospital waiting room of Cheon An area in August 2008 to examine the concentration level of HCHO(formaldehyde). The concentration level of the remodeled sites were 39.4 ± 12.0 ㎍/㎥ in the terminal, 32.7 ± 7.3 ㎍/㎥ in the parking, and 97.8 ± 29.4 ㎍/㎥ in the underground shopping center. The underground shopping center had the highest level and followed by the terminal and the parking. On the contrary, the site remodeling had the level of 17.7 ± 12.4 ㎍/㎥ in the funeral hall and 17.9 ± 0.6 ㎍/㎥ in the hospital waiting room. The funeral hall had highest level than that of the hospital waiting room. Both the remodeled sites and the not remodeled site had concentration level of HCHO below the standard level, but it was higher in the remodeled sites. There were no relations among the HCHO, the temperature and the humidity in facilities of Cheon An area.

청소년의 스트레스 스트레스 대처방식과 위험행동

윤혜미(Hye Mee Yoon),박병금(Byung Kum Park),유정란(Jung Ran Ryu) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2005 생활과학연구논총 Vol.9 No.1

  Adolescents" risk behaviors have been studied in may ways. Unique developmental characteristics of adolescence and rapidly changing social environment have drawn attention to explore factors that influence adolescents" risk-taking behaviors. This study examined how stress and stress coping strategies of high school students influence their problem behavior such as internet abuse, smoking, drinking, running-away attempts, and suicidal thinking. Two hundred sixty eight self questionnaires were finally analyzed using SPSSWIN 10.0.   Results showed that adolescents" internet abuse rate(using internet for game and viewing pornography, covert use) was rather high among male adolescents. 23.7% of respondents have experienced smoking, 16.4% current smokers, 85.2% are drinkers with 33.6% binge drinkers, 18.8% have ever actually ran-away, 36.3% have thought about suicide, the data presented Avoidance coping and self-related stress are factors to influence adolescent smoking; family related stress, peer-related stress, and avoidance coping to running away; and elevation of overall stress is a factor to explain suicidal thinking among adolescents.   Limitations of the present study and ideas for the further research are suggested.

여대생의 체위, 식습관 및 영양실태 조사

신혜란,박영미 효성여자대학교 가정대학 학도호국단 1987 家政大論集 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구에서는 효성여대 3, 4학년 학생 96명을 대상으로 여대생들의 바람직한 건강관리와 영양지도를 위해서 이들의 체위와 식습관 영양소 섭취상태를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) 본 조사 대상자들의 체위는 신장 160∼162㎝가 전체의 24%로 가장 많았고 154∼156㎝가 20%, 158∼160㎝가 17%의 분포를 보였고 평균치는 158.2㎝로 나타났다. 체중은 47.5∼50㎏이 24%, 50∼52.5㎏이 17%, 45∼47.5, 52.5∼55㎏이 15%의 분포를 보였고 평균치는 49.7㎏으로 나타났다. Skinfold Thickness는 16∼18㎜24%, 10∼12㎜, 12∼14㎜가 15%, 18∼20㎜는 11%의 분포를 나타났고 이들의 평균치는 17.1㎜였다. (2) 식습관 평균점수는 10점 만점에서 4.44였고 식습관을 다시 5등급으로 분류 했을 때 다소 불량으로 판단되는 2등급에 속하였다. (3) 영양소 섭취상태는 열량 1431.1㎉, 단백질 55.1gm, 철 14.7㎎으로서 권장량에 비해 부족상태이고 칼슘, 아스코르빈산, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 나이아신은 각각 559.5㎎, 52.7㎎, 1.1㎎, 1.2㎎, 16.6㎎으로서 권장량과 거의 일치하므로서 모두 양호한 편이다. 총 열량 구성에 있어서 당질 단백질 지방이 차지하는 비율을 보면 단백질은 55gm로 15.4%를 차지하고 지방은 30.8gm로 19.5%를 차지하고 당질은 총 열량중 65%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. For the purpose of implementing health and nutrition education for college women, we investigatednutritional status of college women related to health status, food habit and nutrient intake. The survey was conducted for ten days, from November 20 to 30, 1986. The subjects of this survey were 96 students of Hyosung women's University. The results of health status, food habit and nutrient intake of college womens were as follows; 1. Average height, weight and skinfoldthinckness were height(158.2cm) weight(49.7kg) skinfold-thickness(17.1mm). 2. Average nutrient intake of college women junior sinior per day. Calorie intake was 1431kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate(65%), protein 55.1gm(15.4%), and fat 30.8gm(19.5%) other nutrients such as calcium(559.5gm) iron(147mg), vitamin A(5104.9I.U.) and Thiamin(1.1mg) Riboflavin(1.2mg) Niacin(16.6mg) ascorbicacid(52.7mg).

2-Methylbutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase 결핍 1례

이문숙,박호진,이인규,최규철,윤혜란 대한소아과학회 2004 小兒科 Vol.47 No.1

류마티스 관절염과 전신경화증의 중복증후군 1예

이은지,서광원,유충헌,박봉수,허민영,김지현,김혜란,김동욱 인제대학교 2008 仁濟醫學 Vol.29 No.-

Overlap syndrome is a disease that combines major features of more than one rheumatic disease in the same patient. A 58 year-old female who was diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) developed skin thickening and dyspnea. Clinical and laboratory findings revealed that she was affected by systemic sclerosis (SSc) and interstitial lung disease. Finally, she was diagnosed as overlap syndrome consistent with RA combined with SSc. The authors report a case of RA-SSc overlap syndrome with relevant literatures.

면접조사를 통한 초등학생의 영양교육 실태 및 실천도 조사

오유진,이영미,김정현,안홍석,김정원,박혜련,서정숙,김경원,권오란,박혜경,이은주,성현이 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.13 No.4

This study investigated the experience and practice of elementary school students on nutrition education. The data were collected from 217 male and female students attending 5-6th grade elementary schools in Seoul and Kyunggi-Do from March to June 2007, interviewing face to face by a nutrition teacher and 3 interns of a nutrition teacher. The results were as follows: 86.5% of the subjects learned about ‘Table etiquette’, ‘Reasons for eating fruits and vegetables’ (78.7%), ‘Food waste and environment’ (72.3%), ‘Healthy snacks’ (55.7%), ‘Food sanitation’ (52.3%), ‘Food culture of foreign countries’ (48.1%). Nutrition education experience was significantly different by gender. A total of 43.5% boys responded that they never learned about ‘basic food preperation’ (p < 0.01). They had learned ‘Nutrients for body’ and ‘Food waste and environment’ in school, ‘Healthy weight loss’, ‘Food culture of foreign countries’, ‘Food circulation’ on television, Most content (‘Table etiquette’, ‘Simple cooking’, ‘Food sanitati n’, ‘Eating behaviors for health’, ‘Reasons for eating fruits and vegetables’, ‘Healthy snacks’) was learned from parents. The practice after nutrition education was higher in ‘Table etiquette’ (2.14), ‘Eating fruits and vegetables’ (2.07) than others compared with education experience. The most reason of non-practice on nutrition information was ‘Troublesome’. In ‘Nutrients for body’, a boy answered ‘Difficult for practice’ 20.0%, a girl answered ‘Difficult to understand’ 32.6%, showing a significant difference between the gender groups (p < 0.001). They remembered the ‘Nutrients for body’ (49.6%), ‘Food sanitation’ (44.5%) because of ‘important content’,‘Basic food preparation’ (40.6%), ‘Food culture of foreign countries’ (36.3%) because of ‘interesting content’, ‘Healthy weight loss’ (52.0%), ‘Eating behavior for health’ (44.5%) and ‘Healthy snacks’ (33.7%) because of ‘need for my health’.

Long-Term Outcome of Unilateral Acoustic Neuromas With or Without Hearing Loss: Over 10 Years and Beyond After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

Park Hye Ran,Jeong Sang Soon,Kim Jung Hoon,Myeong Ho Sung,Park Hyun Joo,Park Kwang Hyon,Park Kawngwoo,Yoon Byung Woo,Park Suyeon,Kim Jin Wook,Chung Hyun-Tai,Kim Dong Gyu,Paek Sun Ha 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.40

Background: Since the long-term outcomes of 162 patients who underwent gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) as an initial or adjuvant treatment for acoustic neuromas (ANs) with unilateral hearing loss were first reported in 1998, there has been no report of a comprehensive analysis of what has changed in GKS practice. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of the long-term outcomes of 106 patients with unilateral sporadic ANs who underwent GKS as an initial treatment. The mean patient age was 50 years, and the mean initial tumor volume was 3.68 cm3 (range, 0.10–23.30 cm3 ). The median marginal tumor dose was 12.5 Gy (range, 8.0–15.0 Gy) and the median follow-up duration was 153 months (range, 120–216 months). Results: The tumor volume increased in 11 patients (10.4%), remained stationary in 27 (25.5%), and decreased in 68 patients (64.2%). The actuarial 3, 5, 10, and 15-year tumor control rates were 95.3 ± 2.1%, 94.3 ± 2.2%, 87.7 ± 3.2%, and 86.6 ± 3.3%, respectively. The 10-year actuarial tumor control rate was significantly lower in the patients with tumor volumes of ≥ 8 cm3 (P = 0.010). The rate of maintaining the same Gardner-Robertson scale grade was 28.6%, and that of serviceable hearing was 46.4%. The rates of newly developed facial and trigeminal neuropathy were 2.8% and 4.7%, respectively. The patients who received marginal doses of less than 12 Gy revealed higher tumor control failure rates (P = 0.129) and newly occurred facial or trigeminal neuropathy rates (P = 0.040 and 0.313, respectively). Conclusion: GKS as an initial treatment for ANs could be helpful in terms of tumor control, the preservation of serviceable hearing, and the prevention of cranial neuropathy. It is recommended to perform GKS as soon as possible not only for tumor control in unilateral ANs with hearing loss but also for hearing preservation in those without hearing loss.

[P9-33] Anti-diabetic activity and the mechanisms of action of Ganoderma Incidum extracts

Hye Ran Park,Eun-Suk Son,Hwi-Cheul Lee,Se-Ra Kim,Yeun-Song Kim,Hyun Sun Lee,Chang Soo Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2009 No.11

Long-term Outcome of Microscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery for Prolactinomas as an Alternative to Dopamine Agonists

Park Kawngwoo,Park Kwang Hyon,Park Hye Ran,Lee Jae Meen,Kim Yong Hwy,Kim Dong-Young,Won Tae-Bin,Kong Sung Hye,Kim Jung Hee,Shin Chan Soo,Paek Sun Ha 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.15

Background: Although long-term dopamine agonist (DA) therapy is recommended as a first-line treatment for prolactinoma, some patients may prefer surgical treatment because of the potential adverse effects of long-term medication, or the desire to become pregnant. This study aimed to determine whether surgical treatment of prolactinomas could be an alternative to DA therapy. Methods: In this retrospective study, 96 consecutive patients (74 female, 22 male) underwent primary pituitary surgery without long-term DA treatment for prolactinomas at a single institution from 1990 to 2010. All patients underwent primary surgical treatment in the microscopic transsphenoidal approach (TSA). Results: The median age and median follow-up period were 31 (16–73) years and 139.1 (12.2–319.6) months, respectively. An initial overall remission was accomplished in 47.9% (46 of 96 patients, 33 macroadenomas, and 13 microadenomas) of patients. DA dose reduction was achieved in all patients after TSA. A better remission rate was independently predicted by lower diagnostic prolactin levels and by a greater extent of surgical resection. Overall remission at the last follow-up was 33.3%, and the overall recurrence rate was 30.4%. The permanent complication rate was 3.1%, and there was no mortality. Conclusion: TSA can be considered a safe and potentially curative treatment for selective microprolactinomas as an alternative to treatment with a long-term DA.