Characteristics of Korean-Saanen goat milk caseins and somatic cell counts in comparison with Holstein cow milk counterparts

Ham, J.S.,Lee, S.G.,Jeong, S.G.,Oh, M.H.,Kim, D.H.,Park, Y.W. Elsevier ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co 2010 Small ruminant research Vol.93 No.2

Characteristics of α- and β-casein fractions in the milk of Korean-Saanen goats were compared with those of Holstein cow milk using capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis. The αs<SUB>1</SUB>-CN content of the Saanen goat milk samples varied from 2.4% to 9.3% of total proteins. Total αs-CN content of the goat milk varied from 10.1% to 17.0%. Total β-CN content containing β<SUB>1</SUB>-CN and the β<SUB>2</SUB>-CN varied from 49.6% to 61.0% of total proteins. Average αs-CN to β-CN ratio of the Saanen goat milk from different farms was 0.24+/-0.04, ranging from 0.17 to 0.33. The αs-CN (αs<SUB>1</SUB>-CN+αs<SUB>0</SUB>-CN) to β-CN (β<SUB>A1</SUB>-CN+β<SUB>A2</SUB>-CN) ratio of Holstein cow milk was 0.81, which was much higher than that of Korean-Saanen goat milk. The goat milk samples having more than 1.5 million cells/ml somatic cell counts (SCC) contained higher αs-CNs (P<0.01) and lower β-CNs (P<0.05) contents than milks with <1.5 million SCC. This resulted in a higher αs-CN to β-CN ratio (P<0.01) in the milk with >1.5 million SCC.

남녀공학과 여대에 재학 중인 여자대학생의 체형만족도와 자아존중감의 관계

김민정,김보민,김소연,김형주,서민경,박수영,전승연,한누리,함승순 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2011 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.45

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the relationship between satisfaction of body figure and self-esteem of female university students according to the school types. Method: The study sample consisted of 360 female university students who had been attending at co-educational university or women's university in Korea. Data were collected by questionnaires from July 27th to August 6th in 2010. All statistical analyses were conducted using t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test, and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient procedures with SPSS 18.0 program. The level of significance was set at .05. Results: The general characteristics, satisfaction of body figure and self-esteem were not significantly different between co-educational university and women’s university. Although 93.1 percent of female students were under or normal weight according to their BMI, 88.0 percent of female university students were not satisfied with their current body figure and 90.5 percent among them wanted to lose weight. The satisfaction of body figure was related with self-esteem (coed: r=-0.228, p=.002, women's: r= -0.264, p<.001) but there was no difference from school types. Conclusion: The result implied the importance of appropriate education and nursing intervention which would improve satisfaction of body of female university students.

15-Deoxy-Δ^12,14-prostaglandin J₂ prevents oxidative injury by upregulating the expression of aldose reductase in vascular smooth muscle cells

Kang, E. S.,Hwang, J. S.,Ham, S. A.,Park, M. H.,Kim, G. H.,Paek, K. S.,Yoo, T.,Lee, W. J.,Kang, K. R.,Lee, J. H.,Choi, Y. J.,Seo, H. G. Informa Healthcare 2014 Free radical research Vol.48 No.2

<P>The omega-6 fatty acid derivative 15-Deoxy-Δ<SUP>12,14</SUP>-prostaglandin J<SUB>2</SUB> (15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB>) is believed to play a role in cellular protection against oxidative stress in diverse cell systems. However, the cellular mechanisms by which protection is afforded by 15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB> are not fully elucidated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, we report the finding that 15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB> elicited a time and concentration- dependent increase in aldose reductase (AR) expression. This induction was independent of the activation of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) significantly suppressed the increase in expression and promoter activity of AR induced by 15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB>. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that 15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB> targets the multiple stress response regions comprising the antioxidant response element in the promoter of the AR gene. 15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB>-mediated induction of AR promoter activity was potentiated in the presence of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), but not in cells expressing dominant negative Nrf2. Cells treated with 15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB> were resistant to oxidant-induced apoptotic cell death by inhibiting production of reactive oxygen species. These effects were significantly attenuated in the presence of an AR inhibitor or small interfering RNA against AR, indicating that AR plays a protective role against oxidative injury. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that activation of PI3K by 15d-PGJ<SUB>2</SUB> increases the expression of AR through Nrf2, and increased AR activity may function as an important cellular response against oxidative injury.</P>

여자 대학생의 저출산에 대한 인식 : 서울 지역 중심으로

김연주,김주예,김혜,민지유,박현영,이송,이혜심,주연진,최지희,함연화,강숙정,김부연,김윤정 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2019 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.53

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the perception of low birth rate within female college students. Methods: After obtaining approval from online community and several acquaintance, data were collected from August 10 to September 11. A total of eight students participated in the study. Semi-structured in-depth interview were conducted and the data subsequently analyzed. Results: This study extracted three themes: Fragmentary perception about low birth rate limited to social level problem; Avoidance about sacrifice from delivery and Lack of effectiveness in fertility incentives of present government. Conclusion: This study is meaningful that can explore the perception about low birth rates of female college students who are the subjects of future birth. They recognize low birth rates as a social problem, but do not recognize as individual problem. In addition, this study was able to identify the participants' perception of the low birth rate. It can be suggested as meaningful opinion for some follow-up study.

Inflammatory lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate upregulates C-reactive protein via C/EBPβ and potentiates breast cancer progression

Kim, E-S,Cha, Y,Ham, M,Jung, J,Kim, S G,Hwang, S,Kleemann, R,Moon, A Macmillan Publishers Limited 2014 Oncogene Vol.33 No.27

A crucial role of the inflammatory lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in breast cancer aggressiveness has been reported. Recent clinical studies have suggested that C-reactive protein (CRP) has a role in breast cancer development. However, limited information is available on the molecular basis for the expression of CRP and its functional significance in breast cell invasion. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular link between S1P and CRP during the invasive process of breast epithelial cells. This is the first report showing that transcription of CRP was markedly activated by S1P in breast cells. Our data suggest that not only S1P treatment but also the endogenously produced S1P may upregulate CRP in breast carcinoma cells. Transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta and c-fos were required for S1P-induced CRP expression. Coupling of S1P<SUB>3</SUB> to heterotrimeric G<SUB>αq</SUB> triggered the expression of CRP, utilizing signaling pathways involving reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> and extracellular signal-related kinases (ERKs). S1P-induced CRP expression was crucial for the transcriptional activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 through ERKs, ROS and c-fos, leading to breast cell invasion. Using a xenograft mice tumor model, we demonstrated that S1P induced CRP expression both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings have revealed a molecular basis for S1P-induced transcriptional activation of CRP and its functional significance in the acquisition of the invasive phenotype of human breast epithelial cells under inflammatory conditions. Our findings may provide useful information on the identification of useful therapeutic targets for inflammatory breast cancer.

문학반응이론에 의한 보건의학기술계열 국가시험개선방안에 관한 연구

이창규,이승관,조경진,박종성,정수경,유병서,박상숙,윤효숙,황선철,문경환,김정민,함용운,김지환,임국환,김영순,윤경희,황성준 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 1998 保健科學論集 Vol.24 No.1

The nationally-governed examinations for certification of allied health professions in Korea have been continued for thirty three years. During that time, there were a lot of managerial improvements in carrying out the examinations, for example, the looking-over the papers converted from manual method to computerized one. Nevertheless, the overall aspects of item management in the national examinations are still remained as obsolete style. In some developed countries they have already tried or adopted computerized system in making questions, executing item analysis, developing item banking, and in overall management of examinations, looking over papers for their national licensure examinations, and have established good reputations. Since the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board was established in 1998, now we can expect there would be a lots of improvements in the managerial systems and organizational structures associated with the national licensing examinations suggesting followings. 1. The contents and scope of the licensing examinations based on job analysis should be announced publicaly. 2. Items should be developed based on the scopes and contents of job characteristics. 3. All the developed items for the licensing examinations should be tested quantitatively prior to banking items. 4. All the parameters of the stored items should be fully estimated through item response theory. 5. All the efforts should be given in order to execute the examinations in individual residential areas on behalf of every examinee. 6. To the licensing examination system the Computerized Adaptive Testing system should be introduced in order to enhance the efficiencies. 7. Security enhancement on the stored items should be reminded in order to prevent leaking out the banking items. 8. Much more improvements should be made for the proper job evaluations. 9. Every efforts should be given to prevent cheatings encountable during the examinations. 10. Make the best of professional volunteers from the various fields in the execution of licensing examinations. 11. Consider a new system in that examinations can be executed twice or more in a year. 12. The current methods of presiding over the examinations should be replaced by a more reasonable one. 13. The results of the examinations should be announced as soon as possible in order not to prolong the examinees' unemployment periods. 14. The National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board should try to rationalize the management keeping step with the information-oriented society.

Enhanced efficiency of organic photovoltaic cells with Sr₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺ and SrGa₂S₄:Eu²⁺ phosphors

Park, Y.,Suh, D.W.,Choi, K.S.,Yoo, J.S.,Ham, J.,Lee, J.L.,Kim, S.Y. Elsevier Science 2013 Organic electronics Vol.14 No.4

We report the effect of yellow Sr<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>2+</SUP> and green SrGa<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>2+</SUP> phosphors on the efficiency of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Each phosphor was coated on the back side of indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrates by spin coating with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The maximum absorption wavelength of the active layer in the OPV cells was ~512nm. The emission peaks of Sr<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>2+</SUP> and SrGa<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>2+</SUP> were maximized at 552nm and 534nm, respectively. The short circuit current density (J<SUB>sc</SUB>) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the OPV cells with Sr<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>2+</SUP> (8.55mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 3.25%) and with SrGa<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu<SUP>2+</SUP> (9.29mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 3.3%) were higher than those of the control device without phosphor (7.605mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 3.04%). We concluded that phosphor tuned the wavelength of the incident light to the absorption wavelength of the active layer, thus increasing the J<SUB>sc</SUB> and PCE of the OPV cells.

반흔성 하안검 외반증에 대한 Composite Graft의 치험예

함기선,위성신,조해석,임풍,조문제 大韓成形外科學會 1980 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.7 No.1

Eyelid ectropion was the most common late sequelae encountered in our experiences following trauma or thermal burn around the eyelid. Those deformities must be corrected early to preserve visual acuity. Split-skin graft to the upper eyelid and full thickness skin graft to the lower lid have been emphasized to the most reliable methods for correction of the cicatrical ectropion. However, there is tendency toward contracture under these grafts, and the ectropion recur and reoperation or additional sugery required. To solve these problems, we have corrected the cicatrical ectropion with free composite graft of skin and cartilage from the concha of the auricle. The results of these composite grafts are favorable without recurrence.

CSM 액제의 경시변화에 관한 실험

함성호,김주신,김현수,이영미,김재백 圓光大學校 藥品硏究所 1988 藥品硏究所報 Vol.3 No.1

The stability of Woohwang Chungsimwon Solution was evaluated by the indication o the decomposition of conjugated bilirubin and the loss of borneol and isoborneol in Woowang Chunsimwan Solution. The results were as follows; 1. The decomposition rate of conjugated bilirubin was increased according to increasing temperature. 2. At the effect of acidty on the decomposition of conjugated bilirubin, as much as acid concentration the decomposition rate constant of conjugated bilirubin was reduced. 3. Half-life of conjugated bilirubin, Borneolum in solution is longer than that in pills.

Improvement of Milking Method for the Raw Milk Quality

In, Y. M 韓國酪農學會 1996 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.18 No.3