Adult Patients with Congenital Muscular Torticollis Treated with Bipolar Release : Report of 31 Cases

Lee, Gun Sang,Lee, Myung Ki,Kim, Woo Jae,Kim, Ho Sang,Kim, Jeong Ho,Kim, Yun-Suk The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2017 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.60 No.1

Objective : We assessed the surgical results of bipolar release in 31 adult patients with uncorrected congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) and more than 12 months of follow-up. Methods : Thirty-one patients underwent a bipolar release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and were retrospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 14.9 months (range, 12-30). The mean age at time of surgery was 30.3 years (range, 20-54). Patients were evaluated with a modified Lee's scoring system, cervicomandibular angle (CMA) measurement, and a global satisfaction rating scale using patient self-reporting. Results : The modified Lee's scoring system indicated excellent results in 4 (12.9%) patients, good in 18 (58.1%), and fair in 9 (29.0%) at the last follow-up after surgery. The improvements in neck movement and head tilt were statistically significant (p<0.05). The preoperative mean CMA was $15.4^{\circ}$ (range, 5.4-29.0), which was reduced to a mean of CMA of $6.3^{\circ}$ (range, 0-25) after surgery (p<0.05). The global satisfaction rating scale was 93.7% (range, 90-100). A transient sensory deficit on the ipsilateral lower ear lobe was noted in three cases. No significant permanent complications occurred. Conclusion : Bipolar release of the SCM is a safe and reliable technique for the treatment of CMT in adults.

지역사회획득 폐렴의 치료지침 권고안

송재훈,정기석,강문원,김도진,배현주,서지영,심태선,안중현,안철민,우준희,이남용,이동건,이미숙,이상무,이영선,이혁민,정두련,지역사회획득 폐렴 치료지침 제정위원회 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.3

A successful therapy of community-acquired pneumonia requires appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy. Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of major pathogens of pneumonia can differ by country. Therefore, an ideal treatment guideline of community-acquired pneumonia should be based on the studies performed in each country. We developed a treatment guideline for community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults in Korea. This guideline was developed by the joint committee of the Korean Society for Chemotherapy, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, and the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory diseases.

신부전이 동반된 당뇨병 환자에서 발생된 침습성 모균증 : 수술과 Liposomal amphotericin B 및 GM-CSF 병합 요법에 의한 성공적인 치험 1예

이원영,오기원,임국희,장재혁,이동건,최정현,강무일,신완식,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.4

저자들은 신부전이 동반된 당뇨병 환자에서 발생된 부비동형 모균증에 대하여 수술과 함께 liposomal amphotericin B 및 GM-CSF의 복합치료를 하여 성공적으로 치료한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Mucormycosis (zygomycosis) primarily affects diabetic or immunocompromised patients and typically progresses rapidly, necessitating surgical excision and antifungal therapy with amphotericin B. Large doses of amphotericin B are needed for cure, but it has the risk of causing significant renal toxicity. The recent development of liposomal amphotericin B allows antifungal therapy to be administered with potentially improved efficacy and reduced nephrotoxicity. We have experienced a case of paranasal mucormycosis successfully treated with surgery, liposomal amphotericin B and GM-CSF. A 59-year-old male suffering from diabetes mellitus for 6 years was admitted with pain at left maxillary area. He was diagnosed as mucormycosis after cytologic exam on the necrotic nasal mucosa, which showed typical hyphae. He have had diabetic nephropathy with macroproteinuria and had rapidly rising serum creatinine levels with the amphotericin B treatment: creatinine levels reverted to basal level with the use of liposomal amphotericin B. Despite surgical excision and continued antifungal therapy, his infection was not effectively controlled. Therefore, GM-CSF was administered additionally to improve phagocytic activity of leukocytes. He was finally cured after receiving a combination of aggressive surgery, liposomal amphotericin B and GM-CSF. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed clinical description of the treatment of mucormycosis with liposomal amphotericin B in Korea.

스테로이드로 유발된 쥐의 근골격계 변화에대한 성장호르몬의 치료 효과

최기섭,박창일,정우성,이상건,박용욱 大韓再活醫學會 2000 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.24 No.5

Ortho-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile(CS) 이 흰쥐 피부조직에 미치는 조직학적 영향에 관한 연구

이우용,최봉근,김잉곤,엄기일,정호삼,정호삼,류재만 한양대학교 의과대학 1998 한양의대 학술지 Vol.18 No.1

This study was undertaken to describe the fine structural changes of cytoplasmic organelles in epidermal cells, and the changes of volume and localization of collagen type Ⅰ in the dermis of rat skin by CS(Ortho-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) application. The experimental animals, 100∼150gm of body weight rats(Sprague-Dawley strain), were sacrificed at 12 hours, 24 hours, 3 day and 5 day after CS application on the hair-shaved back skin. The specimens were prepared for ultrastructural findings, ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate double stain and observed with Hitachi-600 electron microscrope. The others were incubated with rabbit anti rat type Ⅰ collagen antibody as primary antibody, and Goat anti rabbit IgG antibodies as secondary antibody And advidin-biotin-conjugated(ABC) peroxidase procedure was used. All of specimens for immune reactions were observed with light microscope. The results obtained were as follows. 1 Keratinocytes appeared fully necrotized after 3 days of CS application. The epidermis showed degeneration of basal lamina, enlargement of intercellular spaces and necrotic keratinocytes with vacuole and vesicles. And large keratohyalin granules were seen in the shrunken epidermal cells. 2 At 3 or 5 day after CS treatment, the normal cytoplasmic organelles of keratinocytes began to appear on the basal and prickel cells. 3 At 12 hour an 24 hour after CS treatment. The immune reaction of type Ⅰ collagen showed weak reaction in reticular layer of dermis. But at 3 day and 5 day after CS treatment, moderate immune reaction were seen in throughout the dermis. These results suggest that CS application to rak skin may induce changes of keratinocytes and reductive changes of type Ⅰ collagen in the dermis.

국채의 현·선물수익률간의 선후행 관계 분석

이기환,황두건 한국해양대학교 국제해양연구소 2001 韓國海洋大學校 人文社會科學論叢 Vol.13 No.1

Abstract This paper examines the lead-lag relationship between spot and futures prices of Korea Treasury Bond (KTB) with using daily return data from 29 September 1998 to 18 August 2000. Five kinds of futures are listed on Korea Futures Exchange (KOFEX) since the launching of April 1999. KTB futures grew as an important futures since the listing on KOFEX on 28th September 1999 and now the trade volume of KTB futures is the most among the listed futures. Bank, investment trust, insurance companies and foreigners are major investors of KTB futures. KTB's main financial function is to provide risk management system for mid-term interest rate instrument and also to discover its price in the future. In particular, this study focuses on the function of price discovery of futures over the expected spot price. The price of KTB futures reflects the future interest level which financial institutions or company experts could predict. Therefore, KTB futures could be seen as suggesting proper price for spot goods market and also it has function of discovering future value of KTB. There is time difference between spot and futures prices of KTB. We utilize unit root test, cointegration test, vector error correction models in order to analyze the relationship between spot and futures returns. The main finding of this study is that the futures price of KTB leads the spot price of KTB. That is, the futures price leads two days over the spot price. Moreover, two market's lead-lag relationship could be influenced by the trading volume of KTB futures. Then, an empirical analysis of futures prices of June and September 2000 exhibits that the spot price leads the futures price. Therefore, it is argued that there is a feedback relationship between spot and futures of KTB and the infrequent trading has an impact on the relationship between spot and futures prices. Even though the relationship between spot and futures prices is not stable, our finding implies that the discovery function of futures over the expected spot price is working in the Korea Futures Exchange. In particular, the period of our study is too short to investigate in depth the lead-lag relationship between spot and futures prices. Because of this limitation, we could not examine the difference of two markets's microstructure such as price volatility, trade pattern and so on. Therefore, it is thought that we could not find correct reasons about the lead-lag relationship of two markets. With the passage of KOFEX history, the trading volume and the efficiency of information will be increased with the growth of participants of this market and then we could explore the lead-lag relationship between spot and futures prices of KTB.

곡류 중 아플라톡신 B1의 위해성평가

이효민,윤은경,최윤호,이근영,조연숙,임철주,김종욱,양지선,양기화 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

Aflatoxins은 fspergijfus fovur,4.forofj'cus,4.uonlius의 B차 대사산물로써, 유전독성을 지닌 강력한 발암물질로 알려지고 있으며, 간장, 신장, 신경계, 내분비계, 면역계 독성을 지니고있다. Aflatoxin은 열에 대한 저항성o'S 매우 커서 일반적인 열처리에 의해서 쉽게 파괴되지 않고, 식품섭친패턴이나 기후언1 따라 인체노출량이 상이하여 나라별 1일인체노출량이 3.5-Tln토Ag/day 정도인 것으로 보곤되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 aflatoxin중 가장 대표적인 Bl을 대상으로 한 위해성평가방땁론 연구를 통해 국내 곡류중 aflatoxin Bl 오염도자료와 식품섭취 패턴을 고려한 위해성평가를 수행하고 우리나라 국민들의 식품섭취와 관.된 aflatoxin 위해정도를 고려핫으로 그 관리대안을 제시코자 하였다. Aflatoxin의 인체노출평가를 위하여 우리나라 일반성인들을 대상으로 국민건강영양조사결과보고서에 제시된 식품소비량자료와 국내에써 조사된 바 있는 곡류, 두류, 견과류의 식붐오염도자료(1989-2000)를 활총하였다. 식품오염도자료는 결과의 대표성을 부여하기 위하여 bootstrap방법을 활용하여 정확도 검정을 실시함으로 얻어진 평근값을 활용하였다. 위해도결정에 쓰여진 a(latoxin 31의 발암력은 Yeh 등 t1989)이 제안한 자료로 B형간염비보균자의 경우 9(mg/kg/day)-'. B형간염보균자의 경우 230(mgAg/daH)-'을 사응하였다. 계산죈=ftatoxin Bl의 총인체노출량은 6.05×10-img/kg/'day였고, 인체노출량에 발암력을 고려하므로 계산된추골나라 일반성인에게 aflatoxin Bl식이노출로 나타날 수 있는 간암발생확률은 B형간암fT보균자의 경우차 보균f·『의 경우 각각 5.45×10-"와 1.39r10-'로 산출되었다. 머린이나 노약자, 그궈고 B형간염보균자 등을 포함한 민감그룹과 aflatorin B2, Cl, G2 등의 동시노출을 고려한다딴 식픔섭취를 통한 a긴atoxiri의 인체위해수준은 더 커질것으로 예측된다. 실제로 B형간염보균자의 경우, 식이섭취를 통한 만성 a친atoxin Bl 노출로 인해 간암이 발생할 확률이 비보균자에 비해 26배 정도 높은 것으로 나타나 철저한 씩이 관리가 필요하다. 일반성인(B형간염비보군자)의 경우, aflatoxin 31곡 대글 관리목표치를 십만명당 1명으로 할 경우 인체노출수준은 1.Ix10-srng/kg/day 이하로 조절되어야하고, 우리나라 일반성인의 1일 곡류, 두류, 견과류 섭취량 393.46g./da!·(보건복지부, 1999)과 체중(60kg)을 고려하고, 조리시 감소콘는 오염수준, aflatoxin에 오염된 식픔을 동시에 섭취할 가능성의 배제, 현실적 인 분석기술 수준의 미흡, 그리고 현기준과 비교된 비용-편익적인 면엔서의 문제점을 고려한다만, 곡류, 두류, 견과류 등을 포함한 식품들의 aflatorin Bl 최대오염수준은 0.2ppb이하로 조정되어야 할 것을 제아할 수 있다 Aflatoxins are unaviodable contaminats of corn, peanuts, rice, barley, soybean and other agricultural products that are stored under warm and humid conditions for sometime. The prominent aflatoxins found on food is aflatoxin B1, Which has most potent toxicological and carcinogenic properties of the aflatoxins. The range of human daily intake has been reported as 3.5-77ng/kg/day from various countries and human daily intake was mainly affected by food consumption pattern and climate of each other country. This study was conducted to identify excess cancer risk on aflatoxin B1 induced by domestic cereals ingestion and to suggest regulatory option on aflatoxin B1 for management based on acceptable risk value. For the quantification of human exposure dose to general adult, aflatoxin pollution data in foods were collected(1989-2000)and more accurate mean±data were obtained by bootstrapping, using the S-plus^()(Mathsoft) and also, daily food consumption data from National Health and Nutrition Survey Report(Minstry of Health and Welfare, 1999) and body weight(60kg, Korea Reserch institute of Standard and Science, 1997) were regarede. The used cancer potency of aflatoxin B1 was 9(mg/kg/day)^(-1) for individuals negative for hepatitis B and 230(mg/kg/day)^(-1) for individuals positive for hepatitis B suggested from epidemiological study by Yeh et al(1989). Estimated human exposure dose of aflatoxin B1 by cereals ingestion were 5.89×10^(-7)mg/kg/day and excess cancer risk value to liver cancer incidence were 5.30×10^(-6) for individuals negative for hepatitis B and 1.4×10^(-4) for individuals positive for hepatitis B. Individuals positive for hepatitis B revealed 26 fold higher excess liver cancer risk than individuals negative and therefore, they should be managed having special consideration. And, if the excess cancer risk for aflatoxins B1 is 10^(-5) as managing goal, human exposure level should be controlled as below 1.1×10^(-6)mg/kg/day. Thus, this study has suggested regulatory option as below 0.2ppb for aflatoxin B1 in cereals, legumes. and nuts.

Methazolamide와 Acetazolamide 복용 후 유발된 천식 1예

이건화,이영목,김양기,김기업,어수택,박춘식 대한알레르기학회 2004 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.24 No.2

Zipper CMOS PLA 의 설계 및 테스트

이건기,한석붕,이문수 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1988 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.4 No.-

In this paper, a new circuit type, the Zipper CMOS PLA, is described. Then a testable design and testing method for it will be discussed. The Zipper CMOS PLA has the regular structure of PLA and a NAND-NAND logic Zipper CMOS circuit. Therefore it incorporates all the advantages of dynamic CMOS circuit and array logic. In the testable design, feedback loops are formed in Zipper CMOS PLA by adding simple extra circuits. The oscillation, in test mode, occurs through the loops and can be observed at the outputs. By the proposed method, test application and evaluation are easy. The fault coverage is improved. The algorithms are also proposed, which add the extra circuits to the Zipper CMOS PLA and generate the test patterns. The validity of the designs is verified by performing the logic level simulation. Also the proposed algortithms are realized on VAX 11/750(UNIX) in C language.

心電圖 信號의 雜音 除去와 R-점 檢出을 爲한 웨이브렛 解析의 適用

李建基,張斗泰 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.-

One of the main techniques for diagnosing heart disease is by examining the electrocardiogram(ECG). Many studies on detecting the QRS complex, P, and T waves have been performed because meaningful information is contained in these parameters. However, the earlier detecting techniques can not effectively extract those parameters from the ECG that is severely contaminated by noise source such as 60Hz power-line interference, muscle artifact and baseline drift. In this paper, we performed the extracting of parameters from the ECG signal and recovering using wavelet transform that recently been applying to various fields.