자동 문턱치 방법을 이용한 밀리미터파 영상의 은닉된 물체 영역 검출

이동수,염석원,손정영,김신환 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2010 情報通信硏究 Vol.7 No.1

본 논문은 수동형 밀리미터파 영상 시스템을 이용하여 은닉된 물체의 영역을 검출에 관한 연구이다. 밀리미터파 영상은 악천후에도 영상 촬영이 가능하고 플라스틱, 종이, 나무, 옷, 머리카락 같은 특유한 물질들을 투과한다. 그리고 밀리미터파는 금속과 특수한 인공 구조물에 대한 반사율이 높기 때문에 은닉된 물체를 쉽게 검출할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 밀리미터파 영상에서 은닉된 물체 검출의 영상 분할을 자동 문턱치 방법으로 나타낸다. 본 논문에서는 8㎜ 파장을 수평과 수직 편광 방향으로 수신하는 두 채널에서 획득된 밀리미터파 영상을 Gonzalez와 Otsu 방법으로 영역 분할을 한다. 실험 결과는 Gonzalez과 Otsu 방법 모두 은닉된 물체 영역의 형태를 잘 분리하지만 Otsu 방법이 노이즈와 몸체 영역의 경계 부분이 안정적으로 영역 분할됨을 보인다. We address an image segmentation method to detect concealed objects captured by passive millimeter wave (MMW) imaging. Passive MMW imaging can create interpretable imagery on the objects concealed under clothing. Due to the penetrating property of the MMW imaging, the MMW imaging system is often employed for the security and defense system. In this paper, we develop automatic thresholding methods for the segmentation of concealed objects detected by PMMW imaging. The automatic thresholding method is useful for the image with bimodal distributions. We compare several thresholding methods for two MMW channel images which have 8 mm-horizontal and 8 mm-vertical polarization, respectively. The experimental results show that concealed weapon area is well segmented from the background body by the presented methods.

UV/Cl₂(g)에 의한 Si-wafer 표면금속 오염물의 건식세정에 관한 연구

손동수,정광진,최성호,천희곤,조동율 울산대학교 1998 공학연구논문집 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구에서는 실리콘 웨이퍼 표면에 존재하는 미량의 Zn, Fe, Ti 금속 오염물들이 UV-excited chlorine radical을 이용한 건식세정 방법으로 제거되는 반응과정을 연구 하였다. 실리콘 웨이퍼 상에 진공증착법으로 원형패턴이 있는 Zn, Fe, Ti 박막을 증착시켜 상온 및 200℃에서 UV/CI₂세정하였을 때, 염소 래디컬(CI*)이 Fe, Zn, Ti와 반응하여 제거되는 것을 반응 전후 광학현미경과 SEM을 통해 표면 형상 변화를 관찰하였고, in-line으로 연결된 XPS를 통해서 반응 후 웨이퍼 표면에 남아있는 화합물의 화학적 결합상태를 관찰하였으며, UV/CI₂세정 후 실리콘 기판이 손상받는 정도를 알기 위해 AFM으로 표면 거칠기를 측정하였다. 광학현미경과 SEM의 분석에 의하면 Zn와 Fe는 쉽게 제거되는 반면 염화물을 형성하기 보다는 휘발성이 적은 산화물을 형성하는 경향이 강한 Ti은 약간만 제거되는 것을 확인하였다. XPS 분석을 통해서 이들 금속 오염물들이 chlorine radical과 반응하여 웨이퍼 표면에 금속 염화물을 형성하고 있는 것을 확인하였고, UV/CI₂세정처리를 하였을 때 실리콘 웨이퍼의 표면 거칠기가 약간 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 지금까지의 결과를 통해 볼 때, 습식세정과 UV/CI₂건식세정을 병행하면 플라즈마 및 레이저를 사용하는 다른 건식세정 방법에 비하여 보다 저온에서 실리콘 기판의 큰 손상 없이 비교적 용이하게 금속 오염물을 제거할 수 있음을 알수 있었다. The reaction mechanisms of dry cleaning of Zn, Fe and Ti trace contaminants on the Si wafer using UV/CI₂ have been studied by SEM, AFM and XPS analyses. The patterned Zn, Fe and Ti films were deposited on the Si wafer surface by thermal evaporation and changes in the surface morphology after dry cleaning using CI₂and UV/CI₂at 200℃ were studied by optical microscopy and SEM. In addition changes in surface roughness of Si wafer by the cleaning was observed by AFM. The chemical bonding states of the Zn, Fe and Ti deposited silicon surface were observed with in-line XPS analysis. Zn and Fe were easily cleaned in the form of volatile zinc-chloride and iron-chloride as verified by the surface morphology changes. Ti which forms involatile oxides was not easily removed at room temperature but was slightly removed by UV/CI₂at elevated temperature of 200℃. It was also found that the surface roughness of the Si wafer increased after CI₂and UV/CI₂cleaning. Therefore, the metallic contaminants on the Si wafer can be easily removed at lower temperature by continuous processes of wet cleaning followed by UV/CI₂dry cleaning.

Cl이 첨가된 ZnSe의 특성 연구

손정식,김인수,이동건,배인호,박성배 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

The electrical and structural properties of Cl-doped ZnSe epilayers have been studied by Hall effect measurement, Photoluminescence(PL), and chemical etching. By using ZnCl₂ as dopant source, the high quality n-type ZnSe layers with electron concentrating up to ?? have been achieved. Hall mobility for an epilayer with ?? are ~ 400 ㎠/V.s at 300 K and ~ 900㎠ /V.s at 80 K. These values are close to those reported for the homoepitaxial layer. For heavily doped samples, Cl donors are partially compensated. The PL measurements were performed at 11 K and 300 K. The excitonic emission associated with a neutral donor is dominant in the samples doped with Cl concentration below ~??. The carrier compensation was discussed with ?? complex as reported origin of self-activated(SA) emission in previous reports. The micrographs of etched surface by Br-methanol dilute solution showed that the lattice defects were increased with doped Cl concentration.

?? 이종접합구조에 대한 격자이완 및 결정성의 변화

이동건,김종수,손정식,배인호,문영희 嶺南大學校 基礎科學 硏究所 1998 基礎科學硏究 Vol.18 No.-

We have investigated the lattice relaxation and crystalline qualities of InGaAs/GaAs heterostructure as a function of the layer thickness. The ?? heteroepitaxial layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).The eqilayer thickness were from 230 Å to 3 ㎛ with composition around ×=0.15. The lattice constants c obtained using double axis diffractometry(DAD) as a function of the layer thickness were constant until 1000 Å. Change in lattice constant of surface normal appeared at the thickness of1200 Å, and it decreased as layer thickness increased. The relaxation of epilayers were from 32% at 1200 Å to 84% at 3 ㎛, and the crystalline qualities of epilayers with increased with increasing thickness.

생물방제균 Bacillus subtilis YB-70이 생산하는 항진균성 항생물질의 분리 및 구조결정

김용수,손종근,문동철,김상달 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1997 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.7 No.-

인삼근부균 Fusarium solani의 생육을 강력히 저해하는 생물방제균을 저병해 인삼경작지 근권토양에서 분리, 선발하여 Bacillus subtilis로 동정한 바 있고, 이 생물방제균 B. subtilis YB-70의 식물근부균 F. solani의 생육에 대한 길항기작이 항진균성 항생물질에 기인된다는 사실을 배양생산물의 분자량별 활성도 검증, 열처리에 의한 잔존 활성도 측정 등에 의해 열에 강한 저분자성 항생물질로 재확인하였고 in vivo test에서도 F.solani에 의한 근부병을 강력히 억제할 수 있음을 하였다. 생물방제균 Bacillus subtilis YB-70이 생산하는 항진균성 항생물질을 pH 침전, 용매추출, silica gel chromatography, LH-20 column chromatography 등을 통해 항생물질 YBS-1A, B로 분리, 정제 할 수 있었으며, 이 물질의 구조를 MS, NMR, amino acid analysis로 추정해 본 결과 YBS-1A는 5종 7개의 amino 산으로 구성된 itulin A 계열 항생물질로 규명되었으며, YBS-1B는 7종 11개의 amino 산으로 구성된 분자량 1,500정도의 itulin A 보다 좀 더 큰 항생물질로 추정되었다. A potential biocontrol bacterium, YB-70 was isolated from a rhizosphere in suppressive soil and identified as strain of Bacillus subtilis. In several biochemical and in vitro antibiosis tests on Fusarium solani with the culture filterates from B. subtilis YB-70, we found that antifungal mechanism of B. subtilis YB-70 was mediated by antibiotic substances produced from the bacterium. These antifungal substances were appeared to be beat-resistanl, micromolecular, and ethyl alcohol soluble. Antifungal agents produced by B. subtilis YB-70 showed strong inhibition against root-rotting fungi F. solani in in vivo pot test. An antifungal substance, YBS-1s, was purified from the culture broth of B. subtilis YB-70 by isoelectronic precipitation, silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Three antifungal agents were isolated from the culture broth of B. subtilis YB-70. Various instrumental analysis by Fab-MASS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, DEPT, and amino acid analyzet revealed that the YBS-1A was a peptide antibiotics of iturin class containing seven amino acids from five different groups, and the other(YBS-1B) was an analogue of iturin class containing seven amino acids from five different groups, and the other(YBS-1B) was an analogue of iturin group composed of 11 amino acids with larger molecular weight of about 1,500 dalton, which was lager than that of iturin A.

FREM을 적용한 고층건물의 화재위험도 비교평가연구

김동일,손기상,이수경 한국화재소방학회 2002 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 화재위험도 분석 개념과 정의 및 접근방식을 검토하여 건물화재위험도 분석의 기반을 구축하였으며, 다음으로 컴퓨터 프로그램인 FREM을 사용하여 국내외 대표적인 고층건물 100동에 대한 화재위험도를 평가 한 후 위험의 유형을 도출하였고, 또한 외국에서 개발된 이 기법을 국내에서 적용하였을 때 발생되는 문제점을 밝혔다. 고층건물의 화재위험도 평가에 있어 가장 중요한 요소는 건물 내 방화구획과 자동소화설비의 신뢰도라 할 수 있다. 더불어 고층건물에서 화재안전을 확보하기 위하여서는 이 두 설비를 유효하게 설치하고 유지관리 하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 또한, 차후 이 두 설비 등에 대한 신뢰도 평가기준을 더욱 힘도 있게 연구하여, 지수를 이용한 건물 화재위험도 평가에 적용한다면 적은 비용으로 보다 정확한 위험도 산정이 가능할 것이다. This study set its bases needed for building fire risk analysis by examining general concept and definitons of fire risk analysis, and its acess methods. Upon this basis, by using a computer program FREM, we brought the type of hazards out of the fire risk assessment applied to the typical 100 high-rise buildings in and out of this country. In this process, we also sorted out the programsarising from the application of a foreign born tool to domestic conditions. the credibility of fire separations and automatic fire protection system in a building would be the two most important things in an attempt to evaluate fire risk in high-rise buildings. In addition, it is vital for the purpose of securing fire safety in high-rise buildings that systems should be properly installed and carefully maintained. When we try hard to study the evaluation standards to the above systems and, someday in the future, to employ them in evaluation fire risks in high-rise buildings, we can measure the risks much more precisely with less expenses that that we needed today.

HBR과 결합된 간헐폭기공정에 의한 도시하수의 영양소제거 특성

조남운,임봉수,손동훈 대전대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.11 No.1

In this study, the characteristics of organics and nutrient removal from municipal wastewater with various operation conditions using modified intermittent aeration combined with HBR process was investigated. This system was operated with HRT of 10hr at COD/N 1.96, COD/P 75.3, sludge recycle of 50% to 100% and 18℃ to 25℃. It has been the best operating condition to control, Oxic/Anoxic time ratio setting rate has been set 40min/20min and 100% of sludge recycle, under the conditions such as 2hr HRT at the anoxic reactor, 6hr HRT at the aeration tank. In that conditions, the removal efficiency of BOD, COD, T-N and T-P were 97.5%, 91.7%, 75% and 76.2%, respectively. The SNR(Specific Nitrification Rate) was 3.213mgNH4-N/gMv/hr and the SDNR(Specific Dinitrification Rate) was 4.5mg NO3-N/gMv/hr. T-P removal efficiency is due to biological phosphorus removal and formation of chemical precipitates by pellet. The performance of wasted sludge dewatering in this process is better than wasted activated sludge.

대전 3ㆍ4 산업단지 주변의 하천수 및 지하수오염 실태조사

조남운,김태응,손동훈,임봉수 대전대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of surface water and groundwater near the Daejeon 3.4 industrial complex. In the case of surface water quality as considered by BOD, the water quality of the Hyun-do Bridge in Kum river was suitable to the class II (less than 3mg/L) of environmental standard for the river. The water quality of Bool-lo Dong in Kum river after joins Kab stream was class III (less than 6mg/L) and the water quality of Kab-chun Bridge was over class V as over about 8mg/L(less than 10mg/L). In the result for the groundwater at Wit-mal, the NO3-N concentration was average 14.6mg/L and maximum 23.4mg/L that was about twice more than the drinking water quality standard regulations(10mg/L). In other points, the groundwater quality was inadequate to the standard for a few items.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and Low Saturation Magnetization in [Pt/(Co,Cu)]<SUB>6</SUB>Multilayers

Dong Su Son,Tae Young Lee,Sang Ho Lim,Seong-Rae Lee 한국자기학회 2013 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.2013 No.12