머리염색이 인체에 미치는 영향

윤형식,황성호,이현륭,김수호,박연석,권낙현,정호진,김동훈,노현주,홍성호,박병찬,이관,정해관 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

일상생활에서 모발염색은 흔히 접할 수 있는 미용의 한 종류로 특히 젊은층을 중심으로 폭발적으로 유행하고 있다. 염색을 위항 사용하는 약제는 표백제와 발색제 등 각종 화학약품이 사용되고 있으나 이로 인한 건강장해에 대한 연구는 그리 많지 않다. 저자들은 염색이 인체의 모발건강에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 염색과 관련된 주관적 증상과 모발의 변화에 대한 실험적 연구를 시행하였다. 동국대학교 경주 캠퍼스 재학생 80명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 염색 유 ·무 및 염색 후에 경험한 증상에 대해 설문 조사하였고, 의과대학 재학생 46명을 대상으로 피부 반응 테스트를 실시하였다. 또한 염색 전후의 모발 탄성도를 측정하였고 모발의 상태를 파악하기 위해 전자 현미경검사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 결과 염색 전에 비하여 염색 후 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력저하, 발진 및 접촉성 피부염, 모발손상, 모근손상 등의 증상을 더 많이 경험한다고 호소하였다(p<0.05). 모발손상과 모근손상은 헤어드라이어 사용 빈도에 따라 증가하는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 피부반응검사에서 가려움증이 가장 많은 증상이었으며 이는 여성보다는 남성에서 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 염색 전후의 모발장력은 염색 전 134.5±10.37g, 염색 128.0±30.69g, 염색 이틀 후 112.5±19.69g으로 나타났다. 염색 전후의 모발의 전자현미경 케라틴 층이 현저히 감소하고 모발이 가늘어지는 차이를 보였다. 염색은 모발손상, 모발 케라틴 손상 및 모근 손상, 발진 및 접촉성 피부반응, 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력 저하를 유발한다. 따라서 염색약으로 인한 손상에 대한 주의와 예방이 필요하다고 생각한다. 예방대책으로 염색 전 피부테스트를 통한 적합성 여부를 판단하는 것이 필요하며 가급적 염색을 피하는 것이 좋을 것이다. 염색약에 발암물질이 포함되어있다는 보고도 있어 염색 제조사의 철저한 실험과 염색 물질의 선별이 염색으로 인한 부작용을 최소화하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. Hair coloring has became one of the most popular cosmetic activities to younger generations during last decade. However, there are few studies on the health effect of widespread use of chemical dyes. This study was conducted to study the effects of hair coloring dye on hair and other systems. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 80 persons in Kyongju campus, Dongguk University. We have done open patch skin test on 46 medical students. We also conducted scanning electron microscopy to examine the hair strength and structure before and after hair coloring process. Injury of hair and hair bulb, contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity were the main symptoms complained after hair coloring (p<0.05). Injury of hair and hair bulb were increased by frequency of hair-dryer use(p<0.05). In open patch test, pruritus was complanined by more than half of the subjects. Mean strength of hairs before and after hair coloring was as follows; 134.5 (SD 10.37)g before hair coloring, 128.0 (SD 30.69)g immediately after hair coloring, and 112.5 (SD 19.69)g after two days. The scanning electron microscopic findings of hair surface before and after hair coloring showed decreased keratin layer and thinning of the hair. Hair coloring induces injury to hair, its keratin layer, and hair bulb as well as contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity. Therefore, we think that precaution is needed in use of hair coloring dye. To prevent complications induced by hair coloring dye, it is necessary, especially to those with allergy or skin disorders, to perform skin test before action and avoid hair coloring whenever possible. Longterm health effects of hairdye should be studied and manufacturing companies should try to minimize complications induced by hair coloring dye.

전자상거래 비즈니스 전략에 관한 연구

황진호,서병삼,한계섭 동아대학교 정보기술연구소 2002 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.10 No.1

Company's growth is the development(or growth) of the connected industry and is closely affected by its development. The lower the entrance barrier of the relevant industry is , the easier this phenomenon comes. Because the change and the evolution is more speedy in the related industry, and the rivalry between the companies deepens rapidly, the industry that the entrance barrier is low has to change continuously for survival with its company's growth policy. In this article, with considered the natural-history paradigm on the development of the online transaction environment that has already been made a research, we divide the development stage of the internet business company and study the impulsive method with its result.

정형외과 영역에 있어서 Piroxicam(Feldene^� dispersible tablat)의 사용경험 : Acute Musculo-Skeletal disorder에 대한 Piroxicam의 사용경험

황병연,박명식,임신호 최신의학사 1986 最新醫學 Vol.29 No.6

천안/아산권역내 곡교천의 수질분석 및 지리정보체계를 이용한 유역 오염원 관리방안에 관한 연구

황병기,이상호 한국환경과학회 2000 한국환경과학회지 Vol.9 No.6

Chonan and Asan city have been a focal point due to rapid development as the first station for Express Railroad and key cities West Coast Development Region. Gokgyo stream adjacent to the cities plays an important role as a drainage channel for an agriculture and a discharger of urban storm water. Water quality of the stream has been deteriorating caused by pollution sources such as a untreated wastewater discharge and runoff from the watershed. In this study, we conducted 4 surveys in April, May, July, and September to understand the current state of water quality for the stream and to make it possibe to predict future water-quality variation for future development. The system runs on a personal computer under the windows enviroment and provides extensive graphics using graphic user interface(GUI) for user-friendly assessment. Using the pull-down menus provided by the GUI panel, the user is able to operate the system by pointing and clicking the icon to identify the state of water-quality at locations concerned. Furthermore, we developed an integrated watershed management system. The constructed system could be a useful tool as a decesion maker for pollution source control strategy.

신기능성 물질 탐색을 위한 침엽수잎의 특수성분 분석에 관한 연구 (Ⅰ) : 펙틴, 탄닌, 테르페노이드의 분석 Analysis of Pectin, Tannin and Terpenoids

황병호,이현종,강하영,유순희,조재현,조국란 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 1997 Journal of Forest Science Vol.13 No.-

요 약 주요 소나무류잎의 특수성분을 분석하여 시판되고 있는 솔잎 가공식품의 기초데이터를 제공함과 동시에 임산화학 분야의 학문적 기초데이터를 축적하기 위하여 실시한 결과, 펙틴은 잣나무가 가장 높게 분석되었으며, 탄닌은 잣나무가 높게 분석되었고, 소나무와 해송은 유사하였다. 테르페노이드 성분중 α-pinene은 소나무와 잣나무에서, β-pinene은 리기다와 해송에서 높게 분석되었으며, 희귀성분으로는 잣나무에서 sabinene과 citronellol, 리기다에서는 α-pinene oxide 등이 분석되었다. 특히 소나무일체 다량 존재하는 성분은 α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, β-phellandrene, Δ3-carene, phytol 등 이었다. 향기성분의 주체인 α-pinene, limonene, bornylacetate들이 소나무와 잣나무에서 보다 많이 분석된 것으로 보아 삼림욕의 상쾌한 내용의 주체성분이라고 생각된다. ABSTRACT Pectin and tannin analysis were carried out to inverstigate any available components from Pinus densiflora, koraiensis, P. thunbergii and P. rigida. To analyze terpenoid components, the essential oils were extracted with steam distillation method from four kinds of pine needles. The essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS spectroscopy.The results were summarized as follows: Pectin content was highest in P. koraiensis with 0.40%, and tannin content was highest in P koraiensis with 1.05. Major components of P. densiflora needles were α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, Δ3-carene and phytol. α-Pinene, Δ3-carene, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, and camphene were found major components n P. koraiensis. Major components of P. thunbergii needles were β-pinene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D. β-Pinene, α-pinene, humulene oxide and α-elemene were major components in P. rigida. Sabinene and citronellol were infrequent components in P. Koraiensis, and α-pinene oxide was present only in P. rigida. α-Pinene, limonene, and bornylacetate well known as the mail components of green air bath were found in P. densiflora and P. koraiensis.

상황의 객체 지향적 시각화

황병곤,정성호,김석현 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1996 科學技術硏究 Vol.3 No.1

The object oriented visualization of situations is an essential component part in many applications. We simulated spatial moving objects of situation using multi-media environment. An object is composed of multimedia datas that can express graphic and sound. By composing these objects we can have group cbject. Also, we can execute event by defining stuations that are occured according to be animating object.

Sol-Gel 법에 의한 PLZT 강유전체 박막의 제조

황호병,유병곤 대전대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 自然科學 Vol.9 No.1

다층기판 Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si를 제작하고 그 위에 (Pb??La??)(Zr ??Ti??)O₃인 acetate system 용액을 사용하여 Sol-Gel 법으로 PLZT박막을 제조하였다. XRD 분석에 의하면 Ar 이나 공기 분위기에서 열처리 할 경우 550℃∼750℃ 범위의 온도에서 결정화가 이루어짐을 알 수 있다. 그러나 공기 분위기 하에서 열처리한 경우 550℃에서 결정화가 완전히 끝나지 않고 진행 중이라는 것을 알 수 있으며, (110) peaks가 550℃에서 보다 650℃에서 더 크게 자랐으나 750℃에서 더 이상 자라지 않은 것으로 보아 최적합 결정화 온도는 650이하라고 생각한다. Ar 분위기에서 열처리한 샘플의 경우 (110) peaks가 550℃에 거의 성장이 완료되고 650℃에 포화되었다가 750℃에서는 퇴보되었다. 이것으로부터 Ar 분위기 하에서는 결정화 온도가 공기 분위기의 경우보다도 대략 50℃ 정도 낮을 것이라고 생각 할 수 있다. SEM 사진으로부터 공기 분위기 하에서 650℃를 유지하며 1시간 동안 열처리한 샘플의 경우 직경이 약 0.015 ㎛ 인 페로브스카이트 구조의 상을 갖는 rosette 구조가 비교적 고르게 분포되어 있으며 750℃를 유지하며 1시간 동안 열처리하였을 경우에는 이것의 크기가 0.028 ㎛ 로 성장하였음을 알 수 있다. 그리고 Ar 분위기에서 650℃를 유지하며 1시간 동안 열처리한 샘플의 표면의 상태나 rosette의 크기는 공기 분위기 750℃에서 1시간 동안 열처리한 샘플과 똑같았다. 이것은 XRD 분석의 결과와도 서로 부합하는 것이다. We have fabricated PLZT thin films on the multi-layered substrates, Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si, using Sol-Gel technique with the solution of (Pb??La??)(Zr??Ti??)O₃acetate system. According to XRD analysis, the spin-coated solution has been crystallized at the temperature range of 550℃∼750℃ in air or Ar atmosphere. However, the crystallization was still progressing at the temperature of 550℃ in air and the optimum temperature for crystallization seems to be around 650℃ according to the grown patterns of (110) peaks in the samples which has been annealed at the temperatures of 550℃, 650℃, and 750℃. The crystallization temperature in Ar atmosphere seems to be about 50℃ lower than that in air since the growth of the (110)peaks is nearly ended at the annealing temperature of 550℃, saturated at 650℃, and degraded at 750℃. SEM images show that the heat-treated sample at 650℃ for 1 hour in air has the rosette structure of perovskite phases with the size of about 0.015 ㎛n in diameter and the size of the rosette structure has grown to 0.028 ㎛ when the sample was annealed at 750℃ for 1 hour in air. the surface morphology and rosette size of the heat-treated sample at 750℃ for 1 hour in air. This observation is consistent with the results of the XRD analysis above.

포괄수가지불제도 적용에 따른 산부인과 진료수입의 변화

황태연,유병철,정귀언,정수진,김성준,배기택,손혜숙,이종태,전진호,엄상화 인제대학교 2001 仁濟醫學 Vol.22 No.1

Objectives: Under the fee-for-service system, Korean hospitals have been suffering from the worsening profitability caused by law medical care fees. To overcome the difficulties, they have maximized the quantity of medical services and made relatively large investment in developing new medical services using high-priced medical equipment, medicines and medical supplies which were not covered by medical insurance system rather than reduced running costs. Materials and Methods: This study was made to analyze and forecast the revenue change of the department of Obstetrics and gynecology of an university hospital in Seoul, expecting the implementation of DRG system in 2000. Results: The results were as follows : 1.During the first two days of hospitalization. 41% of total medical service fee was occurred, which was thought that most of the check-ups and operations were made during this period. After two days of hospitalization, the new occurrence of medical service fee tended to reduce. 2.Out of total medical service fee, 67% of admission fee was occurred after 5 days of hospitalization. This was because medical service fees in obstetrics and gynecology department occurred during the first 5 days of hospitalization. 3.Out of fees for operation, treatment, medical supplies and blood transfusion. 71% was occurred during the first two days. 4. In case of fees for examination, 50% was occurred during the first two days. 5.A total of 53% of fees for medication and injection was occurred during the first 5 days. Conclusions: By the implementation of the DRG system, the income is forecast to increase by 800 won to 310,000 won by the disease group of obstetrics and gynecology department. To increase hospital income with the implementation of DRG system, the results of this study suggest that examinations should be done at out-patient departments before the hospitalization of patient, the discharge of patient should be noticed in advance to reduce the period of hospitalization, and admission appointment system should be implemented for the immediate operation and delivery.

말초혈액 내 백혈구수와 대사증후군과의 연관성

황상태,김범수,황상준,서정열,김병진,이원영,성기철,강진호,김선우,이만호,박정로 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.3

고속분기기 노스가동크로싱의 성능 및 유지보수 효율화를 위한 개량 방안에 관한 연구

윤병현(Byung-Hyun Yoon),황광하(Kwang-Ha Hwang),나호필(Ho-Pil Na),박광련(Kwang-Ryun Park),김만철(Man-Cheol Kim) 한국철도학회 2014 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

고속철도에서 차량의 방향을 전환시키는 고속분기기는 궤도용품 중에서 가장 중요한 핵심 기술로 분류된다. 고속분기기는 F18.5번 이상이 해당되며 국내에는 F18.5, F26, F46이 주로 사용되고 있다. 수량은 고속1단계(서울~대구)에 91틀, 고속2단계(대구~부산) 37틀, 호남고속(오송~광주) 48틀이 사용되어 총 176여틀이 현장에 적용되어 있다. 2004년 개통한 고속1단계 자갈도상용의 경우 사용기간이 10여년이 경과함에따라 부품별 교체 주기가 도래하고 있고 이에따른 유지보수력이 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 노스가동크로싱은 약 90여가지의 부품으로 조합된 가장 복잡한 구조로써 이의 유지보수에는 많은 시간과 전문기술 인력이 필요한 실정이다. 이에 성능을 향상시키면서 유지보수가 간편한 노스가동 크로싱 구조의 개발에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. A study on the performance improvement of the high speed turnout’s movable nose crossing and maintenance efficiency. the high speed turnout that converts the direction of the rolling stock is classified as the most important core technology out of all railway products. F18.5 and above are applied to the high speed turnout, and F26 and F46 are mainly used domestically. For quantity, 100 sets are applied to high speed line phase 1(Seoul~Daegu), 45 sets are each applied to phase 2(Daegu~Busan) and Ho-nam high speed line (OSong~GwangJu), which means that a total of approximately 190 sets are being applied on site. In case of the ballast track of high speed line phase 1 which opened in 2004, the exchange period for each component has arrived as its use of term has passed 10 years and accordingly, the maintenance for it is on the increase. the movable nose crossing has a very complex structure as it is combined with approximately 90 components, so a lot of time and manpower would be required. Therefore, we performed a study on the improvement of the movable nose crossing structure for simple maintenance by enhancing its performance.