XML 소스 데이터로부터 스타 스키마를 생성하기 위한 XML2Star 알고리즘

최은하,김진호,문양세 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2006 정보통신논문지 Vol.10 No.-

Star Schema is widely used for OLAP(On-Line Analytical Processing) systems to represent multidimensional data in relational database management systems which can be used to analyze for an enterprise's decision making. The star schema consists of a fact table and a set of dimension tables surrounding the fact table. Many researchers have investigated the methodologies for designing the Star Schema from the source data in relational databases. Meanwhile, XML is emerging as a new standard representing data and documents in the Internet. We also need to analyze a huge amount of data represented by XML files, thus we present an algorithm, XML2Star, for designing Star Schema from XML source data. The XML2Star extracts the components of star schema, which are measurements (i.e., facts), dimensions, and dimension hierarchies, from DTDs in XML documents. Based on th star schema, this algorithm also builds star schema instances (i.e., multidimensional cube) from XML documents. The star schema instances will be used for users' multidimensional analyses by using OLAP tools. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can help user deriving star schema from XML source data in the Internet easily and analyzing the schema over various dimensions effectively.

유전자(DNA)분석에 의한 삼풍백화점 붕괴희생자의 가족관계 확인 사례

최상규,한면수,선문숙,이양한,박기원 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 1996 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.28 No.-

상업 스포츠 센터의 문화적 특성과 직무만족의 관계

문정옥,최미리,이양출 仁荷大學校 스포츠科學硏究所 2001 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cultural characteristics and job satisfaction of the commercial sport center. In order to achieve this purpose, the data were collected from 278 male/female employees who worked at the commercial sport centers which were located in Seoul and Incheon City. The statistical methods for the analysis of this study were multiple regression analysis. The conclusions of this study were as follows: First, school career and job career were the effective variables on the job satisfaction of the employees. Second, the group culture and the hierarchical culture were the effective variables on the job satisfaction of the employees. Third, the relation-centered leadership behavior was the effective variable on the cultural characteristics of the commercial sport center.

Ohmic heating시 Chemical marker를 이용한 입자식품의 살균도 평가

최양문,배송환,박장우 안성산업대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.29 No.1

Chemical market를 이용한 살균도의 평가는 B. stearothermophilus의 포자를 이용하여 행하였으며 chemical market의 전구체로는 10% glucose를 같은 소고기에 첨가하여 meatball를 만들었으며 사용한 ohmic heater는 용량이 5KW 연속적 살균장치를 사용하였다. 미생물의 사멸율과 chemical market의 생성율은 meatball의 중앙부위와 표면이 거의 비슷하거나 표면에서 오히려 높게 나타났다. 같은 온도에서 가열시 포자의 사멸율과 chemical market의 생성량과는 좋은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 chemical market는 입자식품 ohmic heating시 미생물학적 안정성을 평가하는데 사용될 것으로 사료된다. Microbial validation of the chemical marker approach was carried out using B spore beads and meatball contained 10% glucose. Experiments were performed with the 5 KW ohmic heating system. The rate for microbial destruction and chemical marker formation at the center of the meatball were either similar or higher than those at the surface. There existed a reasonably good correlation between decadic reduction of the spore and marker yield under different conditions as long as the temperature was same. These microbial validation of the chemical marker approach can be used to help obtain the safety of ohmic heating of particulate foods.

Methylphenidate 투약에 따른 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 아동의 청각 사건관련전위의 변화

최보문,이성필,한상익,성양숙 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.2

Objects : Event related potential(ERP) has been recently applied to examine the neurophysiological disturbance in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), particularly with regard to N100 &P300 which are known as one of ERP components closely linked with cognitive function. On the basis of these aspects, this study was designed to evaluate electrophysiologic cfaracteristics and its availability for diagnosis and treament of ADHD children by comparison of ERP between normal controls and ADHD children before and after metylphenidate(MPD) administration. Methods : We examined the topograhic auditory ERP and T. O. V. A. (Test of variables of attention), a standardized computerized visual continuous performance test following adminstration of stimulant drug, MPD 10㎎ in 13 ADHD children and compared these results with those of 11 normal controls. Results : The results were as follows : 1) Though the difference was not stastically significant(P=0.0548), N100 latencies seemed to be longer in ADHD children than in normal controls. N100 amplitudes also seemed to be larger in ADHD children than in normal controls(P=0.0629). 2) The P300 latencies significantly shortened after MPD administration when compared with those before MPD administration in ADHD group(P<0.01). 3) ADHD group performed significantly less well than normal controls in T.O.V.A.(P<0.05). And T.O.V.A. scores significantly improved after MPD administration in ADHD group(P<0.01). 4) The N100 & P300 latencies and the T.O.V.A. scores were significantly correlated before MPD administration in ADHD group(P<0.05). 5) The P300 latencies before MPD administration were significantly correlated with the amplitudes of changes of T.O.V.A. scores after MPD administration(P<0.05). Conclusion : It seemes that prolonged N100 latency of ADHD children can be regarded as a relatively enduring trait marker and that P300 latency may reflect attentional response ability along with therapeutic effect by stimulant.

Cupola 용탕을 이용한 CV 주철 제조기술 개발

최광림,최양진,신봉문,강세선 한밭대학교 산업과학기술연구소 1994 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

CV cast iron products was carried out in order to cupola process. CV cast iron products by cupola processing were obtained much more than 50kg/㎣ tensile strength and the excellent structure of CV graphite cast iron and gray cast iron. Casting waster due to the depress of pouring temperature by inoculation was reduced by development (improvement) in cast processing.

7개 대학 병원에서 조사한 지역사회 폐렴의 원인균

정문현,김성민,강문원,최희정,정희진,이경원,한성우,송재훈,신형식,김의종,최강원,김민자,박승철,배현주,정윤섭,김준명,백경란,신완식,이규만,김양리 대한감염학회 1997 감염 Vol.29 No.5

목 적 : 폐렴은 많이 발생하면서 사망률이 크게 줄지 않는 질환이며, 이를 적절히 치료하기 위해서는 원인균의 상대적 빈도, 기저 질환에 따른 변화, 항균제 내성률, 사망에 관련된 인자들을 알아야 한다. 원인균의 빈도는 지역마다 차이가 있고 국내에서는 항균제 내성률이 높아 지역사회에서 발생한 폐렴을 치료하기 위한 경험적 항균제 선택에 도움이 되기 위해 서울 소재 6개 대학 병원과 천안의 1개 대학 병원이 참여하여 위의 사항들에 대해 조사를 하였다. 방 법 : 1995년에 내과에 입원했던 16세 이상 환자를 대상으로 했다. 퇴원 진단명이 폐렴 또는 폐결핵인 병록지을 찾았고, 이중에서 병원 감염을 제외하였다. 특이도를 높이기 위해, 이들 중에서 호흡기 증상이 있고 발열이나 저체온이 있으면서 흉부 X-선에서 이상 음영이 있는 환자만을 대상으로 했다. 폐결핵은 위의 기준에 입원 초기에 항균제 치료를 하고 입원 7일 이후에야 항결핵제가 투여된 경우만을 폐렴의 원인균으로 하였다. 혈액 배양에서 양성, 객담에서 항상균이나 M. tuberculosis가 증명된 경우, 혈청학적으로 항체가가 4배 이상 증가된 경우, 조직에서 원인균이 진단된 경우는 확정(definitive) 원인균으로 하였고, 객담에서 배양된 균이 그람 도말과 일치할때, 항결액제에 대한 반응으로 진단한 폐결핵, 단일 항체가 양성이고 이에 대해 항균제를 사용했을 때는 가능(probable) 원인균으로 정의하였다. 다세균 감염균은 각각 다 른 원인균으로 처리하였다. 임상 조사와 함께 임상병리과에서 S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, mycoplasma, 항상균에 대해 검사 의뢰 건수, 배양 양성수, 항균제 감수성 결과를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 폐렴의 증례 정의에 부합하지 않은 135명과 폐결핵의 정의에 해당하지 않는 230명을 제외하고 남은 246명의 평균 나이는 58.2세이고 남성이 142명(58.2%) 이었고, 71%의 환자에서 기저 질환이 있었다. 진단 방법의 시행 횟수는 혈액 배양 77.6%, 혈청 검사 18.3%, 기관지경 검사는 4.1%였고, 세균의 항원 검사를 한 예는 없었다. 원인균이 밝혀진 예는 77명(31.3%)이었다. 다세균 감염이 4명에서 있었고, 원인균의 상대적 빈도는 결핵 20명(확정 17, 가능 3: 6개 병원 자료), 폐렴구균 18(확정8 가능 10)명과 폐렴구균이 아닌 Streptococcus 3명 (모두 확정), H. influenzae 11명(모두 가능), 그람음성간균 11명(확정 7, 가능 4) (K. pneumoniae 8건), Mycoplasma 5명(확정 1, 가능 4), S. aureus 4명(확정 2, 가능 2), mucormycosis 1명(확정)이었다. 평균 입원 기간은 19일이고, 중환자실 입원률과 인공 호흡기 사용율은 각각 18%와 9.3%였다. 사망률은 13.8%였고 사망까지 평균 기간은 14.6일 이었다. 다변량 분석에서 사망을 예측할 수 있는 인자는 저체온과 빈호흡이었다. 임상병리과에서 배양되었던 모든 폐렴구균의 Penicillin 내성률은 서울 3개 병원에서 82-88%, 천안에서 72%였다. 폐렴 환자의 혈액에서 배양된 7주는 모두 Penicillin에 감수성이 있었다. K. pneumoniae 8주 모두 cefotaxime과 gentamicin에 감수성을 보였다. 결 론 : 후향적 조사이고 병원마다 원인균 진단에 차이가 있지만, 원인이 밝혀진 경우에는 결핵과 폐렴균이 흔하였고, 무균 부위에서 배양된 폐렴구균의 항균제 내성률은 낮았다. 원인이 밝혀지지 않은 경우가 많고, 혈청검사로 진단되는 원인균이 드물며, 분리균주가 적어 항균제 내성 정도를 추정하기 어려워, 이를 밝히기 위한 전향적 조사가 필요하다. Background : Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, but its management is still challenging. The limitation of diagnostic methods to identify etiologic agents rapidly make it necessary to use empiric antibiotics in almost all patients, and furthermore the discovery of new respiratory pathogens and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms pose difficulties to the selection of an empiric regimen. To clarify the factors necessary for the optimal choice of empirical antibiotics, such as the frequency of etiologic agents, the attributable rates to death and antimicrobial resistance rates in the community, six university hospitals in Seoul and one university hospital in Cheonan were participating in this study. Methods : medical records of adults (>15 years of age) hospitalized for CAP or pulmonary tuberculosis between April 1995 and March 1996, were reviewed. Patients who satisfied all of the following criteria were included in the study: (1) fever or hypothermia; (2) respiratory symptoms; and (3) pulmonary infiltrates on chest roentgenogram. To exclude cases of pulmonary tuberculosis whose roentgenographic features were so typical that it could be easily differentiated from conventional pneumonia, two additional criteria were required for inclusion: antibiotic treatment during the first week of hospital admission and initiation of anti-tuberculosis medications thereafter. Organisms isolated from sterile body sites, acid-fast bacilli or Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from sputum, pathogens diagnosed by a 4-fold rising titer of antibodies to “atypical”pathogens, or pathogens revealed by histopathology were defined as definitive cause of pneumonia; isolates from sputum withcompatible Gram stain, pathogens diagnosed by a single diagnostic titer plus use of a specific antimicrobial agent, or tuberculosis diagnosed by clinucal response to anti- tuberculosis medications were considered probable cause of pneumonia. The records of the clinical microbiology were reviewed for isolates of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Mycobacterium or acid-fast bacilli, and Mycoplasma. Then the frequency of these agents, antimicrobial resistance rates of resiratory pathogens from all body sites, and their clinical significance were evaluated. Results: After excluding 365 patients (230 with pulmonary tuberculosis and 135 with CAP) who were screened for inclusion but did not meet the inclusion criteria,246 persons were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 58.2 years old with slight male predominance (58.2%), and 171(71%) patients had underlying illnesses. Blood cultures were performed on 191 (77.6%) patients and serologic tests on 44(18.3%) patients. The etiologic agents were identified in 31.3%, and the list of individual agents, in decreasing order, was pulmonary tuberculosis (17 definite and 3 probable: data of six hospitals), S. pneumoniae (8 definite and 10 probable), non-pneumococci (3 definite), aerobic gram-negative bacilli (7 definite and 4 probable), Haemophilus spp. (11 probable), mycoplasma (1 definite and 4 probable), polymicrobial infections (2 definite and 2 probable: E. coli and S. agalactiae, M. tuberculosis and S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae and A. baumannii and K. pneumonias), S. aureus (2 definite and 2 probable) , and mucormycosis (1 definite). Among gram-negative bacilli, K. pneumoniae was the most common agent (8isolates). therates of admission to the intensive care unitand of using assisted ventilation were 18% and 9.3%, respectively. The mortality was 13.8% and logistic regression analysis showed that hypothermia and tachypnea were associated with death. Hospital stay averaged 19 days. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae isolated from all body sites to penicillin ranged from 8% to 28% but seven isolated from blood of patients with pneumonia were susceptible to penicillin. Also all 8 isolated of k> pneumoniae from patients with pneumonia were susceptible to cefotaxime and gentamicin. Conclusion: In Korea, in addition to S. pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis is an important agent causing community-acquired pneumonia. The low incidence of etiologic diagnosis is probably related to infrequent requesting of test "atypical" pathogens and does not represent the true incidence of infections by "atypical" pathogens, which well be answered by a prospective study. The antimicrobial resistance rates of major respiratory pathogens from sterile body sites are low, however, because of a small number of the isolates this result needs confirmation by a nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance.

Eethyl benezylidencyanoacetate 유도체에 대한 thiophenol 첨가 반응의 속도론적 연구

맹주양,黃善岩,金文執,崔元植,朴茂淳 順天鄕大學 1991 순천향대학논문집 Vol.14 No.1

말초성 신경아세포종 : 두개골 발생 증례 보고 Involving Skull

박양화,권익승,류연석,신미경,최문배,홍승관,문명선 대한신경외과학회 1988 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.17 No.4

The peripheral neuroblastomas are malignant neoplasms that originate from the adrenal gland and sympathetic nervous tissues. They usually occur in childhood. They exhibit such malignant features that they metastasize early to lung, liver, bone, rarely skull and other structures. The patients with peripheral neuroblastoma have short duration of symptom and short survival period. They reveal the characteristic light microscopic features that resemble other small cell carcinomas. The establishment of final diagnosis of peripheral neuroblastoma needs various special stainings for small cell carcinomas, and the electron microscopic findings are the most reliable. The authers recently experienced a case of peripheral neuroblastoma in a 26-year old man which involved right frontoparietal skull vault. The only chief complaint was a local non-tender mass at right frontoparietal scalp. Neither headache nor any neurological deficits was detected. Simple skull X-ary revealed a punched out rediolucency at right frontoparietal bone and brain CT showed a superficial elliptical high density mass that enhanced strongly. The mass was totally removed by wide craniectomy. The tumor invaded and penetrated the dura but the arachnoid membrane. at the tumor bed was not invaded by the tumor. The tumor was confirmed as peripheral neuroblastoma by various special stainings for small cell carcinomas. Following surgical resection of the mass, post-operative radiotherpy was offered(4800 rads for about 5 weeks). The patient aggrevated progressively and showed numerous metastases to such bones as lumbar vertebrae, pelvis and humerus to became paraplegic. 8 months after the operation, the patient died.

라오스의 벼 생산 현황과 문제점

이문희,최경진,이정일,정남진,양원하,김제규 한국국제농업개발학회 2001 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.13 No.4

Rice is the single most important crop in Lao PDR. In the 2000 rice production year, total rice production in the Laos reached 2.2 million tons. This is regarded as sufficient to provide national self-sufficiency. The rice harvested area in 2000 was approximately 719,500ha and represented 80% of cropped land area. Approximately 82% of production was from wet season cropped and 18% was from the irrigated dry season. Grain yield per unit area vary from 1.68 to 4.39 ton/ha in the wet season environment. However, the highest grain yield (4.39 ton/ha) obtained from the dry season irrigated crop. Higher yields and reduced year variation in production can be expected with the further intensification of production systems in the low land environments. However, further imporvements in production will be dependent on higher levels of inputs and further alleviation of some the production constraints.