사상전환기 지식인의 방황과 신념 모색, <남염부주지>

김수연 ( Soo Youn Kim ) 한국고소설학회 2012 古小說 硏究 Vol.33 No.-

김시습은 한국의 대표적 지식인이다. 그가 살았던 조선 초기는 다양한 교설(敎說)이 난무하며 팽팽하게 그 세(勢)를 겨루던 시대였다. 신라와 고려를 거치는 1,500년 이상, 사회의 보편이념으로 자리 잡았던 불교가 새 왕조의 압력에도 불구하고 아직은 건재함을 과시하였고, 13세기 말과 14세기에 신흥사대부의 약진과 더불어 새로운 사상으로 부각되고 마침내 새 왕조의 공식적 지지를 받은 유교 또한 그 위상을 공고히 하고 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 수천 년에 걸쳐 기층문화 속에 유전(流傳)해 온 민간도교의 힘도 무시할 수 없는 것이었다. 이렇듯 다양한 이념들이 다투어 서로의 입장을 옹호하는 가운데, 오히려 사회의 보편이념은 부재하게 되는 사상의 춘추전국시대가 된 것이다. 이러한 보편이념의 부재에 대한 자각이 지식인 김시습을 혼란에 빠뜨렸고 방황하게 하였다. 김시습의 <남염부주지>는 이념 간 갈등과 보편이념의 부재에 대해 문제를 제기한다. 이 소설은 난무하는 이념들의 주장과 갈등에 의해 사회적으로 소외된 지식인의 고뇌를 담고 있다. 수많은 종교와 학설이 소리 높여 자신의 입장을 내세우고, 모두가 나름의 논리로 사람들을 혹하게 하지만 그들 중 어느 하나도 개인에게 확고한 신념을 제공하지 못한다. 오히려 그들은 다른 입장과 갈등하고 상대를 타자화하는 과정에서 개인을 소외시킬 뿐이다. 이에 대해 김시습은 서로 다른 권역(圈域) 사이에 ``경계역``을 설정하고 ``유(遊)``의 방식으로 경계를 넘놀 것을 제안한다. 작가는 쟁론적 이념들의 영역, 그 어디에도 속하지 못하는 인물을 자신의 문학적 자아로 설정하고 그로 하여금 ``경계역``에서 ``넘놀며(遊)`` 독한 회의(懷疑)를 충분히 들어주고 답을 제시해주는 또 다른 자아를 만나게 한다. 지식인 스스로 신념의 부재와 나약한 실체를 정직하게 인정하고 나서야 비로소 바른 이념을 모색할 수 있는 대화가 가능해진 것이다. 신념도 없이 주류적 의론에 얹혀 제 목소리인양 큰 소리 내는 위선적 지식인이 판치는 세상을 향해 김시습은 ``소통을 통한 이념 모색`` 그 자체가 의미 있음을 말하고 있다. 그렇기에 박생의 죽음은 좌절이나 실패가 아니다. 그의 죽음은 정직한 사람만이 계승할 수 있다는 염왕의 지위를 잇는 것이며, 염왕의 선위는 그가 신념부재를 인정하고 회의에 대해 소통하려는 정직한 지식인임을 증명하기 때문이다. 믿고 따를 수 있는 보편이념은 부재하고, 난무하는 의론들과 갈등하는 이념들 사이에 개인이 소외되는 현상은 21세기 문명갈등과 무관하지 않다. 그렇기에, 김시습이 제안하는 전망은 현재의 우리, 특히 지식인이라 자처하는 이들에게 의미 있는 메시지가 될 것이다. Kim-Siseop is a Korean representative intellectual. The early period of the Joseon Dynasty he spent was an age various doctrines continued to swirl and competed for their power with well matched in strength. Buddhism, established as the universal ideology of the society for more than 1,500 years from Silla to Goryeo, was still maintaining its prosperity despite the pressure of the new dynasty. Confucianism, emerged as a new idea with advance of the newly-rising nobility in the end of the 13th and 14th centuries and supported officially by the new dynasty, also was making its position secure. In addition, the influence of folk Taoism which had spread into basic culture for thousands of years was the thing in no way negligible, A variety of ideas were safeguarding their own positions, however, it led to the Period of Spring & Autumn Warring States in ideas the universal ideology of the society was absent. Consciousness on such absence of the universal ideology made an intellectual Kim-Siseop fall into confusion and wander about. <Nam-Yumboozoo Zi> by Kim-Siseop raises a question about conflict among ideologies and absence of the universal ideology. This novel deals with anguish of an intellectual alienated socially by the voice and conflict of the swirling ideas. Many religions and doctrines strongly stand on their places and mislead people with their own logic, neither of them give an individual a firm belief. Rather, they conflict with each other and alienate individuals through the process of making someone otherness. So, Kim-Siseop sets a ``Borderline`` among different regions, and suggests ``strolling`` in the border. The author sets a character as a stranger who can`t belong to nowhere in the areas of the controversial ideas and makes him encounter alter ego who listens to his severe skepticism carefully and gives an answer while strolling in the ``Borderline``. When an intellectual himself recognizes the absence of faith and substance of weakness honestly, finally a dialogue is possible to grope for a right ideology. To the world ridden by hypocritical intellectuals who are talking big as if it were his real voice without a belief depending on mainstream arguments, Kim-Siseop tells us ``Groping for an ideology through communication`` itself is a meaningful one. So, the death of Park Saeng is neither frustration nor failure. Because his death succeeds to the status of the king of the underworld, which only honest man can inherit. The reason he can be the king of the underworld is that he is an honest intellectual to recognize absence of faith, trying to have mutual understanding about doubt. The phenomenon, a reliable universal idea is absent and individual is alienated in the swirling arguments and conflicting ideas, has something to do with the 21st century`s conflict of civilizations. Therefore, an outlook Kim-Siseop suggests will be a meaningful message for us where we are, especially for ones who look upon themselves as intellectuals.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

심리운동 관점의 산림치유 프로그램이 중년의 숲 경험에 미치는 영향

김윤수(Kim, Youn-Soo),이병창(Lee, Byung-Chang) 한독심리운동학회 2021 심리운동연구 Vol.7 No.2

본 연구는 심리운동 관점의 산림치유 프로그램이 중년의 숲 경험 정도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 진행되었다. 심리운동 관점으로 숲에서 산림치유적 요소를 적용하여 프로그램을 구성하였으며, 중년을 위한 심리운동 관점의 산림치유 프로그램이 숲 경험에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 연구하였다. 이를 위해 경험의 3가지 요소(인지적 자유, 내적 동기, 인지적 유능감)로 이루어진 총 9개 문항의 숲 경험척도를 이용하였다. 본 연구의 측정도구는 숲 경험척도로 2017년 김윤수가 개발한 9문항의 척도로 Deci와 Ryan의 자결성 이론을 근거로 하고 있다. 2019년 9월 2일~9월24일 40~60대 C시에 거주하는 성인을 대상으로 산림치유프로그램을 진행하였다. 1차에 2회기 1회기당 40분씩 총 12회기 심리운동관점의 산림치유 프로그램을 실시하였다. 심리운동 관점의 산림치유프로그램이 인간을 이해하고 환경에 적응하는 신체 기능에 대한 폭넓은 이해를 제시하고자 한다. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a forest healing program from a psychomotor perspective on the forest experience level of middle-aged adults. The program was constructed by applying forest healing elements in the forest from a psychological exercise perspective, and the effect of a forest healing program from a psychological exercise perspective on the forest experience level of middle-aged adults was studied. This study used the Forest Experience Scale with a total of 9 items consisting of three elements of experience - cognitive freedom, intrinsic motivation, and cognitive competence. It was developed by Kim youn-soo in 2017 and based on Deci and Ryan’s theory of self-determination. From September 2 to September 24 in 2019, the forest healing program from the perspective was conducted for middle-aged adults living in the C city in their 40s and 60s. A total of 12 sessions were carried out, each session lasted for about 40 minutes and two sessions were conducted a day. This study attempted to present a broad understanding of the body s ability to understand humans and adapt to the environment through the forest healing program from a psychomotor perspective.

전자 빔 조사 민감 물질의 전자회절분석을 위한 Imaging Plate 기술

김영민,김양수,김진규,이정용,김윤중 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.3

전자 빔 조사 민감 물질인 gibbsite (γ-Al(OH)₃)의 전자 빔 조사 상전이 연구에서 전자회절 자료의 기록에 대한 imaging plate 와 필름의 기록 특성을 실험적으로 비교하였다. Imaging plate는 극단적으로 낮은 전자 강도와 높은 전자 강도를 동시 기록하기에 충분한 선형 dynamic range를 갖기 때문에, 매우 낮은 전자조사 조건 (≤0.1 e-/μm²)에서 전자 회절 자료를 기록할 때 필름에 비해 회절 자료의 spatial frequency 범위가 두 배 이상 확장되었다. 심지어 이미 기록 포화된 투과 빔 주위의 신호 정보 레벨을 세분화하는 데에도 훨씬 우수한 분해 성능을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 imaging plate가 극단적으로 낮은 전자강도 기록이 필요한 전자 빔 조사 민감 물질이나 cryo-biological 시편들의 구조 연구 관점에서 가장 적절한 기록 매체임을 나타낸다. An experimental comparison of the detection properties between imaging plate and film for recording the electron diffraction pattern was carried out on a radiation-sensitive material, an aluminum trihydroxide (gibbsite, γ-Al(OH)₃), through the electron beam irradiation. Because the imaging plate has a wide dynamic range sufficient for recording extremely low- and high-electron intensities, the range of spatial frequency for the diffraction pattern acquired by the imaging plate was extended to two times larger than the range by the film, especially at a low electron dose condition (≤0.1 e-/μm²). It is also demonstrated that the imaging plate showed better resolving power for discriminating fine intensity levels even in saturated transmitted beam. Hence, in the respect of investigating the structures of radiation-sensitive materials and cryobiological specimens, our experimental demonstrations suggest that the imaging plate technique may be a good choice for those studies, which have to use an extremely low electron intensity for recording.

투과전자현미경 내 직접 가열 실험에서의 실험적 문제들

김영민,김진규,김양수,오상호,김윤중 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.4

In performing in situ heating transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for materials characterizations, arising concerns such as specimen drifts and unintentional Cu contamination are discussed. In particular, we analysed the thermal and mechanical characteristics of in situ heating holders to estimate thermal drift phenomena. From the experimental results, we suggest an empirical model to describe the thermal drift behavior so that we can design an effective plan for in situ heating experiment. Practical approaches to minimize several hindrances arisen from the experiment are proposed. We believe that our experimental recommendations will be useful for a microscopist fascinated with the powerful potential of in situ heating TEM.

당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Thrombin-Antithrombin Ⅲ 및 Plasmin-α_2-Plasmin Inhibitor 복합체의 임상적 의의

김경욱,김은숙,정상수,윤수지,박우일,이준희,남수연,안철우,문병수,김경래,차봉수,송영득,임승길,이현철,허갑범 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.5

연구배경:당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 섬유소용해 체계의 이상경향이 있어 그 결과로 여러 혈관합병증의 발생위험이 높다는 사실은 널리 알려져 있다. 그 기전은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지 않았으나, 고혈당으로 인한 혈장 단백질들의 비효소성 당화작용이나 산화성 스트레스로 인한 유리 라티칼 작용으로 응고항진이나 섬유소용해 활성의 저하를 유발하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 최근 응고 및 용해인자와 그 억제자의 복합체들의 증가가 이 상태를 비교적 예민하게 반영한다고 알려져 있다. 방법:본 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자 101명과 정상 대조군 20명에서 혈장내 thrombin­antithrombin complex(TAT)와 plasmin­α₂­plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)를 측정하여 비교하고, 당뇨병 환자에서 미세혈관 합병증과 대혈관합병증의 유무에 따른 차이와, 이미 혈관 질환의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 인자들간의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결과:1. 환자의 분포를 살펴보면 혈관합병증이 있는 군은 85명, 혈관합병증이 없는 군은 16명이었고, 평균연령은 각각 57.9±14.1세, 49.9±16.6세로 혈관 합병증이 있는 군에서 더 나이가 많았고, 체질량지수는 23.2±3.4㎏/㎡, 24.1±3.4㎏/㎡로 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또 두 군간의 혈압 및 HbA1c, 공복혈당 및 인슐린과 C­peptide, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL­콜레스테롤, Lp⒜는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 미세혈관합병증이 있는 군에서 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길었다. 2. TAT 및 PIC의 농도는 정상 대조군에서는 2.8±1.2 ng/mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/mL이었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 9.5±22.6 ng/mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/mL이었다. TAT와 PIC 모두 당뇨병 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었고(p<0.001), TAT/PIC ratio는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 3. 당뇨병 환자의 혈관합병증에 따른 TAT 및 PIC, fibrinogen 농도는 합병증이 없는 군은 각각 4.1±2.4ng/mL, 362.2±272.0ng/mL, 322.7±102.4mg/mL으로 PIC와 fibrinogen의 증가를 보였으나, 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 또 대혈관 합병증군에서는 각각 6.0±4.9 ng/mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/dL이었으며 미세·대혈관 합병증군에서는 10.4±6.4 ng/mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/dL으로 TAT의 증가를 보였으나 역시 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 4. 미세혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 PIC 농도가 유의하게 높았고(p=0.049), 대혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 높았다(p=0.042). 5. 총 당뇨병 환자군에서 PIC는 fibrinogen과 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(r=0.47, 0.31,-0.25), 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.67). 결론:이상의 결과에서 혈장 TAT 및 PIC 농도는 당뇨병 환자에서 정상 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가되어 있었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 연령의 증가와 유병기간이 혈액응고항진 및 용해의 장애에 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며, 총 당뇨병 환자군에 PIC와 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 용해의 장애가 동반되어 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 혈장 TAT 및 PIC는 혈관합병증으로의 진행을 예측하는 지표로서 유용하리라 생각된다. 또 혈당조절정도와 상관성이 있으므로 혈당조절후에 추적검사를 시행하여 합병증의 예방이 가능한지 추후 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolystic system is known as a predisposing factor of vascular complication in diabetes. Although the pathogenesis is not well known, non-enzymatic glycation reaction and the increase in production of free radicals due to an increased oxidative stress may be linked to the hypercoagulibility and hypofibrinolytic activity. As indices of abnormality in coagulation and firinolysis in peripheral blood, plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were measured. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hypercoagulability exists in diabetic patients with or without vascular complication. Methods : In our study, we measured plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ compelx (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibit or complex (PIC) in 101 diabetic subjects and 20 controls. Comparing TAT and PIC levels in diabetic microvascular complication group, diabetic macrovascular complication group and controls, we examined correlation between risk factors associated with diabetic vascular complication. Results : 1. The group with diabetic vascular complication was older than group without complication. There was no significant difference in BMI, blood pressure, HbA_ic, blood sugar level, insulin, C-peptide, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, Lp (a) between two groups. The group with diabetic microvascular complication had longer duration of diabetes. 2. Concentration of TAT and PIC were 2.8±1.2 ng/ mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/ mL in controls and 9.5±22.6 ng/ mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/ mL in diabetic patients, respectively. TAT and PIC were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control (p<0.001). But TAT/PIC ratio was no significant difference between two groups. 3. In diabetic patients, concentration of TAT and PIC and fibrinogen were respectively 4.1±2.4 ng/ mL, 362.2±272.0 ng/ mL, 322.7±102.4 mg/ dL in group without vascular complication and 5.3±4.1 ng/ mL, 529.5±258.7 ng/ mL, 374.9±106.2 mg/ dL in group with microvascular complication, which group had increase in PIC and Fibrinogen but no significance after correction of age. Concentration of TAT and PIC and Fibrinogen were 60.±4.9 ng/ mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/ mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/ dL in macrovascular complication, and 10.4±6.7 mg/ mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/ mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/ dL in combined vascular complication which group showed increase of TAT but also had no significant increase after correction of age. 4. In diabetic microvascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.049) had significant high PIC concentration. In diabetic macrovascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.042) had significant high total cholesterol concentration. 5. In all diabetic patients, PIC was positively correlated with fibrinogen and HbA_1c and negatively correlated BMI (r=0.47, 0.31, -0.25). Only in daibetic patients without angiopathy, TAT was positively correlated with HbA_1c (r=0.67). Conclusion : In this study, plasma TAT and PIC concentration significantly increased in diabetic patients compared with controls, and PIC was increased in group with microvascular complication, TAT were increased in group with combined micro macrovascular complication. However, there was no significance relationship existed when correctinf for age. PIC was correlated with HbA_1c. TAT was correlated with HbA_1c only in the group without angiopathy. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolysis were combined in diabetes, plasma TAT and PIC can be used as an index of vascular complication. Also we found the correlation with the degree of the blood glucose control. Therefore we need follow up study for the possibility of prevention of vascular complication after controlling the blood glucose to age-matched patients (J Kor Diaabetes Asso 25:354~363, 2001).

하지 분절 각도에 따른 수의 등척성 수축(MVIC)시 근전도 비교

김정자,이민형,김연정,채원식,한윤수,권선옥 한국운동역학회 2005 한국운동역학회지 Vol.15 No.1

J. J. KIM, M. H. LEE, Y. J. KIM, W. S. CHAE, Y. S. HAN, O. KWON. Comparison of the maximum EMG levels recorded in maximum effort isometric contractions at five different knee flexion angles. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 197-206, 2005. The purpose of this study was to quantify the maximum EMG levels and determine if there are differences in these EMG levels with respect to different knee flexion angles. Eight university students with no known musculoskeletal disorders were recruited as the participants. The maximum voluntary isometric knee extensions and flexions were taken from each participant sat on the isokinetic exercise machine (Cybex 340) at five different knee flexion angles (10?30?50?70? 90?. After surface electrodes were attached to rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus laterlis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus, maximum EMG levels at five different knee flexion angles were measured. The results showed that there was no significant difference in maximum EMG levels among five different knee flexion angles. Although there was no significant difference in EMG levels and were some variations among different knee flexion angles, the EMG signals of quadriceps in extension and biceps femoris in flexion were the greatest at 30? It seems that different joint angles or relative locations of body segments might affect the magnitude of EMG levels. Because the maximum EMG levels could change with a different knee flexion angle, an attempt should be made to more accurately measure these values. If then, %MVIC measure provides more reliable data and is most appropriate for EMG normalization.

Caffeine이 지구성 운동 수행능력에 미치는 영향과 억제성 아미노산에 의하여 활성화되는 이온통로의 조절작용

김은경,김영표,천병옥,이계영,김연정,임백빈,조영욱,김창주,김성수 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

To investigate the effect and mechanism of caffeine on endurance exercise, two experiments were performed. First, to test caffeine effect on aerobic exercise, 200-300g Sprague-Dawley rats were used and three groups, control group, low caffeine injection group and high caffeine injection group, were divided. Blood smpling by heart puncture were done at rest, after 30 min treadmill exercise, and after maximal exercise. Blood glucose, free fatty acid concentration were detected and following results were obtained. Glucose concentration showed significant difference between groups(p=0.0305) and also significant changes were exhibited between time(p=0.0004). Free fatty acid concentration had no difference between groups. but had significance between times(p=0.00065). Exercise endurance performance time showed significant difference(p=0.02350 in high caffeine injection group compared to control group. In this experiments, endurance exercise capacity was increased by caffeine injection. Therefore, second experiment was performed to investigate the effect of caffeine on ion current induced inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter. GABA and glycine. Single periaqueductal gray neuron was acutely dissociated and nystatin perforated patch clamp was performed under voltage clamping condition. Caffeine evoked outward current in PAG neuron dose dependent manner. 1mM of caffeine application had no response. but 3mM caffeine evoked about 32.5±8.539pA outward ion current and 10mM caffeine evoked about 215.46±19.4pA outward current. 10^-2mM GABA activated Cl￣current and recorded by inward current. Caffeine inhibited GABA activated Cl￣ current concentration dependent manner. 10^-2mM of caffeine had no effect on 1-^-2mM of GABA response. but 10^-1mM caffeine inhibited GABA activated Cl￣ current about 5.74±2.13%, 1mM caffeine inhibited about 17.25±2.70%, 10mM caffeine inhibited GABA response about 45.31±7.71%. 10^-1mM of glycine activated Cl￣ current and also recorded by inward current. Caffeine inhibited glycine activated Cl￣ current concentration dependent manner. 10^-2mM caffeine decreased glycine activated Cl￣ current about 4.61±1.650%, 10^-1mM caffeine decreased about 6.49±2.24%, 1mM caffeine decreased about 26.82±4.27%, and 10mM caffeine decreased glycine response about 94.47±1.39%. These results suggest that caffeine inhibite inhibitory amino acid, GABA and glycine, this response causes excitation of CNS and this seems to be the basic mechanism of increasing effect to aerobic exercise performance by caffeine.

壓縮比 變化에 따른 CI機關의 熱發生率 및 機關性能에 關한 實驗的 硏究

鄭仁基,金重燁,金學洙,金壽淵 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1982 연구보고 Vol.10 No.2

The study on the heat release and the engine performance of CI engine is experimentally performed with variation of compression ratio and inlet pressure. In this experiment, compression ratio in cylinder is decreased and inlet pressure is increased. The results of this study are as follow: the thermal efficiency increases and the maximum combustion pressure decreases as compression ratio declines and inlet pressure rises. For the case of the same mean effective pressure, specific fuel consumption and smoke become to be low. According to the results, the advantages are achieved for the noise, vibration, performance and smoke.

USB 카메라를 이용한 이동물체 실시간 추적 알고리즘

김윤수,김준식 湖西大學校 工業技術硏究所 2002 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.21 No.-

In security system, moving image is usually used. To do that, the skill of tracking for moving change is needed. Generally, the conventional methods store moving images continuously in the storage media, therefore the disadvantage of conventional method has a high price. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for moving object tracking using USB camera, Which can use a security system. The real-time moving object tracking algorithm using USB camera is able to reduce the price and easy to apply in security system. This paper is studied on the real-time moving object tracking algorithm using USB camera. The input image are separated a background and an object using difference method. After difference image have a noise. For remove this noise, on this study using median filtering. In the next step, the segmented object region is processed by center of gravity method. Therefor, the coordinates of center of gravity for the extracted moving region is obtain. In the simulation results, the performance of proposed algorithm is verified, also the proposed one has good performance.