한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

산업보건관리자를 위한 소음성 난청 예방지침서의 개발

이원철,유경혜,장성실,이세훈,구정완,김현욱,노영만,이경재,김형아 가톨릭 대학 산업의학 쎈타 산업의학연구소 1996 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.35 No.1

Occupational hearing loss became the leading occupational disease by constioution 56% of all work-related diseases in Korea. However, the prevalance rates showed wide variations among the specific medical examination providers and were very low(0.8-1.4%) compared with those 8.4% in Japan. The sources of these variations was regarded in the preview study as 1) Employee audometric estings were primarily conducted by nurses and nurse-aids who had no formal training for audiometry; 2) althought audiometric testing equipment used by the spedific medical examination providers, it should be periodically calibrated, a significant number of them were not properly calibrated : 3) Initial audiometric testings were conducted at any available spaces in workplace or at the testing room without considering bachground noise level. One of solutions that can be done for sloving surrent noise related problems is to provide a noise related manual for the occupational health managers including doctors, nurses and hyginests. This study was done to provide such a manual. The main core of the manual was hearing conservation program. And the contents of the manual was the same as the main frame of hearing conservation program such as noise survey, provided of the diagram showing the core contents of each factor of the hearing conservation program. Hopefully, this manual will be the references of the standardized performances of the specific medical examination providers.

Original Article : Geographic difference of epidemiological features of HCV infection in Korea

( Kyung Ah Kim ),( Sook Hyang Jeong ),( Eun Sun Jang ),( Young Seok Kim3 ),( Youn Jae Lee ),( Eun Uk Jung ),( In Hee Kim ),( Sung Bum Cho ),( Mee Kyung Kee ),( Chun Kang ) 대한간학회 2014 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.20 No.4

Background/Aims: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Korea exhibits significant geographic variation, with it being higher in Busan and Jeonam than in other areas. The reason for this intranational geographic difference was investigated in this study by conducting a comparative analysis of the risk factors related to HCV infection among three geographic areas: the capital (Seoul), Busan, and the province of Jeolla. Methods: In total, 990 patients with chronic HCV infection were prospectively enrolled at 5 university hospitals located in Seoul (n=374), Busan (n=264), and Jeolla (n=352). A standardized questionnaire survey on the risk factors for HCV infection was administered to these three groups of patients, and a comparative analysis of the findings was performed. Results: The analysis revealed significant regional differences in exposure to the risk factors of HCV infection. By comparison with patients in Seoul as a control group in the multivariate analysis, patients in Busan had significantly more experience of invasive medical procedures, acupuncture, cosmetic procedures, and multiple sex partners. In contrast, patients in Jeolla were significantly older, and they had a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma, a lower prevalence of multiple sex partners, and had experienced fewer invasive procedures. Conclusions: There was a significant geographic difference in the exposure to potential risk factors of HCV infection between patients from the three studied regions. This may explain the regional variation of the prevalence of HCV infection in Korea, and should be taken into account when planning strategies for the prevention and management of HCV infection. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2014;20:361-367)

사상체질과 신체형태지수와의 연관성

박경아,김희진,허경석,안수경,이성호,이종은,이원택 대한췌담도연구회 2000 대한췌담도연구회지 Vol.5 No.4

침 시술로 발생한 Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae에 의한 패혈증

임태섭,지아영,이중희,장수연,김인수,김영주,김범경,김승업,박준용,안상훈,한광협,김도영 Ewha Womans University School of Medicine 2013 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.36 No.S

Vibrio cholerae is mainly known to cause gastrointestinal infection after seawater exposure or raw seafood intake. It is rarely reported to cause cellulitis or sepsis, but threre has been no known case after acupuncture. Herein, We report a 56-year-old cirrhotic patient of non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae septicemia caused by cellulitis of both lower extremities after acupuncture.

정밀기계가공을 위한 미세변위 계측·분석시스템

이재헌,김경아,이태수,차은종 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

호텔 연회장 선택속성 개발에 관한 연구

김미경,이경아 慶南專門大學 2001 論文集 Vol.29 No.1

Stem cell과 Myeloperoxidase가 스티렌, 하이드로퀴논 및 트리클로로에틸렌에 의한 림프구의 자매염색분체 교환과 소핵체 유도에 미치는 영향

이경재,김형아,신민정,성재혁,박정일,한훈,이세훈 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.3

목적 : 스티렌, 하이드필퀴논 및 트리클로로에틸렌 (TCE)이 사람의 stem cell과 human myeloperoxidase (MPO)에 의해 대사성 활성화되는 지를 규명하고자 스티렌, 하이드로퀴논 및 TCE에 사람의 stem cell 또는 MPO 효소의 첨가가 이들 화학물질에 의한 자매염색분체교환(SCE)과 소핵체 (MN) 빈도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 방법 : 건강한 남자의 전혈에서 림프루를 분리하여 72시간동안 이중배양하되 배양개시 24시간만에 0.05mM 하이드로퀴논, 1.50 mM 스티렌, 혹은 1.50mM TCE를 전체용량이 30 ㎕가 되도록 아세톤에 희석하여 배양액에 주입하였고 대조군은 아세톤으로 처리하였다. 화학물질 처리 후 즉시 1.3×106 및 2.6×106 cells/ml 농도의 제대혈액으로부터 나온 stem cell 세포액의 상층액이나 1.0 및 2.0 unit의 human myeloperoxidase를 H2O2와 함께 첨가하였다. SCE분석을 위한 배양액에는 배양종료 2.5시간 전에 colchicine을 가한 후 수확하여 Giemsa염색을 하여 metaphase 세포에서 SCE빈도를 분석하였다. MN분석을 위한 배양액에는 배양개시 44시간만에 cytochalasin-B를 가하였고 acridine orange 염색 후 이핵체에서 MN수를 분석하였다. 결과 : 1. stem cell이나 MPO 자체는 SCE나 MN의 빈도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2. stem cell이나 MPO는 스티렌에 의해 유도되는 SCE의 빈도를 용량-반응관계로 유의하게 증가시켰고, MN빈도의 경우 step cell이나 MPO에 의해 증가되는 경향이 있었으나 2.0 unit MPO를 첨가한 경우에만 첨가하지 않은 경우에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다. 3. 하이드로퀴논은 stem cell이나 MPO가 없는 상태에서도 대조군에 비하여 SCE빈도가 대조군에 비하여 높았다. stem cell이나 MPO는 하이드로퀴논에 의한 SCE 빈도를 용량 반응관계로 유의하게 증가시켰지만, MN의 경우에는 증가시키는 경향만 있을 뿐 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 4. TCE자체는 SCE나 MN빈도를 증가시키지 않았다. stem cell은 1.3 ×106 및 2.6 × 106 cells/ml 농도 모두에서 SCE빈도를 유의하게 증가시켰고 MPO는 2.0 unit농도에서만 유의하게 증가시켰다. stem cell이나 MPO모두 TCE에 의한 MN빈도를 증가시키는 경향이 있었으나 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 결론 : 저자들은 스티렌, 하이드로퀴논, 및 트리클로로에틸렌에 의해 유도되는 자매염색분체교환과 소핵체의 빈도가 사람의 stem cell이나 myeloperoxidase에 의해 증가됨을 발견하였으며, 이러한 결과는 myeloperoxidase가 이들 물질의 대사성활성화에 관여함을 암시하고, 또한 아마도 이 물질들의 골수독성과 관련이 있는 것이라고 제시된다. Objectives : The objective of this study was to identify the possible role of stem cell and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the metabolic activation of styrene, hydroquinone and trichloroethylene, by investigating the effects of stem cell from umbilical cord blood and MPO on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) induction in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes exposed to hese chemicals. Methods : Islated lymphocytes from whole blood were cultured for 72 hours. The cells were treated with 1.50 mM styrene, 50 μM hydroquinone and 1.50 mM trichloroethylene dissolved with acetone (30㎕ in total volume) at 24 hours after the beginning of culture. Control group was treated with acetone only. Immediately after adding these chemicals, 1.3×106 cells/ml and 2.6×106 cells/ml stem cell/ml stained with Giemsa's solution, and acridine orange for sister chromatid exchange, and for micronucleus analysis, respectively. Results : The results were as follows: 1) Myeloperoxidase and stem cell did not significantly affect the frequencies of SCE or MN in the control group. 2) The frequency of SCE or MN with exposure to styrene did not different from control in the absence of stem cell or MPO. Sister chromatid exchange induced by styrene was significantly increased by adding stem cell or MPO in dose-dependent relationship. The frequency of MN induced by styrene significantly increased in the presence of 2.0 unit MPO. 3) The frequency of SCE was significantly increased with exposure to hydroquinone than acetone treated control in the absence of stem cell or MPO. Sister chromatid exchange induction by hydroquinone significantly increased dose-dependently in the presence of stem cell or MPO. There was a tnendency of increase of the MN frequency induced by hydroquinone in the presence of stem cell or MPO, but not significant. 4) It was found that trichloroethylene itself did not increase SCE or MN frequency. Frequency of SCE induced by trichloroethylene was significantly increased with adding stem cell (low and high) and 2.0 unit MPO. Even though them cell or MPO increased the frequency of MN of lymphocyte exposed to trichloroethylene, the difference was not significant. Conclusions : Authors found that the frequencies of both sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus induced by styrene, hydroquinone, and trichloroethylene were increased significantly with the treatment of stem cell or myeloperoxidase. It was suggested that myeloperoxidase may therefore play an important role in the metabolic activation of styrene, hydroquinone, and trichloroethylene and myeloperoxidase probably be involved in the myelotoxicity of these chemicals.

입지별 초고층 아파트단지의 일조환경에 관한 연구

김경철,이아희,박수호 동의공업대학 2000 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

The purpose of this study is sunshine environment that following conditions of location at high-rise apartment house in Pusan. As the results of this study : 1) According to conditions of location, an area of shadow is analyzed into a difference between the flatland and the slopeland. 2) On the basis of winter solstice, average of an area of shadow a per time that results of analyses were as follow SS apartment house 49.08%, HL apartment house 38.94%, WI apartment house 49.18%, MB apartment house 58.86%. 3) There are many influenced by crossed block of both sides arrangement on layout pattern ㄷ·ㅁ types.

객체 모델의 재상요을 위한 라이브러리 구조

김진수,김정아,이경환 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1996 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.26 No.-

Analogical learning은 문제를 해결하고 학습하는 하나의 효과적인 방법이다. 한 영역에서 또다른 영역으로의 관련성은 추론과 학습의 기반이 된다. 모델러가 이미 구축되어 있는 모델들을 제공받을 수 있다면 생산성과 이해용이성이 증가될 수 있다. 모델러는 부분적인 모델로 모델링을 시작하여 라이브러리에 저장된 유사하게 일치되는 객체 모델을 모델링에서 사용할 수 있다. 그것 또한 라이브러리에 저장된 객체 모델의 재사용이 된다. Analogical agent는 객체 또는 프레임워크를 이용하여 라이브러리를 브라우징하고 몇가지 유사한 모델을 제공한다. Analogical learning의 결과로는 객체모델링과 어플리케이션 영역에 익숙하지 않은 사람도 모델을 쉽게 구축할 수 있고, 객체모델링에 대한 그들만의 패권도 가질 수 있다. Analogical learning is an effective way of human problem solving and learning methodologies. The relation from one domain to other domains is the base of reasoning and learning. If modeler could be supported with previous constructed model, the productivity and understandbility can be improved. Starting with partial model, modeler can preserve it with analogically matched object model stored in a library. It is also the reuse of object model stored in the library. analogical agent accept the partial object or framework and browse the library with analogical matching function and provide several analogous model. As a result of analogical learning, novice to object modeling and application area can construct the model easily and they easily and they can have their own pattern for object modeling.