건축 프로젝트 적정 설계변경 관리를 위한 사례조사

김성욱(Kim Sung-Wook),남혜원(Nam Hye-Won),이종식(Lee Jong-Sik),신창현(Shin Chang-Hyun),전재열(Chun Jae-Youl) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.29 No.1(구조계)

Recent design changes in the existing research on the factors and issues of design changes and analysis, responsible for analyzing the relationship, procedural issues, and issues of research that can be active. However, changes in the design of problems are essentially designed to complement the book is for the procedure. Methodology for dealing with design changes in the characteristics of the country and to reflect more realistically, and various design changes and looked at trends in related research. the design Change of this study to examine the domestic status and problems, identify the status of the country about the design changes, and in suggesting the direction to the development of the design changes.

펠던크라이스 기법, 탄성밴드 운동 및 복합운동 적용이 현대무용전공자의 체간근력에 미치는 영향

김채수(Kim Chae-Soo),권혜영(Kwon Hye-Young),이원재(Lee Won-Jae),조창모(Jo Chang-Mo),김진환(Kim Jin-Hwan),주성범(Ju Sung-Bum),이미경(Lee Mi-Kyoung) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

This study is carried out to examine the effect of applying Feldenkrais method, elastic band training and combined training on trunk muscle. The subjects of this study were 32 modern dance majors and they were divided into four groups which consists of 8 peoples each, Feldenkrais method group(modern dance + Feldenkrais method), elastic band training group(modern dance + elastic band training), combined training group(modern dance + Feldenkrais method + elastic band training), and control group(modern dance). Measurement variables which are trunk muscle were measured before training, and after 4 and 8 weeks training and the results are as follow: In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 0°, Feldenkrais method group, elastic band training group and combined training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, Feldenkrais method group and combined training group had significant increase after 8 weeks training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 45°, Feldenkrais method group and combined training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training and after 4 weeks training. Also elastic band training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, Feldenkrais method group and elastic band training group significantly increased after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 90°, Feldenkrais method group and combined training group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, Feldenkrais method group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training, and elastic band training group significantly increased after 8weeks training compared to before training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 135°, there was no significant changes. In the right muscle strength change, elastic band training group and combined training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 180°, combined training group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, combined training group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training. From above results, applying 8 weeks regular program of Feldenkrais method, elastic band training and combined training to modern dance majors showed positive changes on improvement of trunk muscle strength and physical strength. Also this study implemented to verify the effects of trunk muscle strength and body balance through supplementary training program, and showed the effects in the training group and control group after 8 weeks trunk muscle strengthening program. Feldenkrais method, elastic band training and combined training are very effective to improve trunk muscle strength of modern dance majors so that continuous implementation and application of these effective training program shall be provided for strengthening trunk muscle.

아시아 지역 폐렴 구균의 항균제 내성 현황 및 변화 양상 : Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) Study

정숙인,김나영,손준성,기현균,고관수,서지연,장현하,김연숙,오원섭,백경란,이남용,송재훈,항생제 내성 감시를 위한 아시아 연합 (ANSORP) 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.1

목적 : 1980년대부터 페니실린을 비롯한 β-lactam 계열과 비 β-lactam 계열 항균제에 대한 폐렴구균의 항생제 내성이 급격하게 증가하여 국내 뿐 아니라 세계적인 문제로 대두되고 있다. ANSORP 에서는 아시아 지역에서 폐렴구균의 항균제 내성과 그 변화 추이, 내성의 기전 및 위험인자를 분석하고자 본 국제 공동 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 1999년 11월부터 2001년 8월까지 아시아 지역 12개국의 14개 기관에서 폐렴구균 감염증 환자의 임상 검체로 분리된 침습성 폐렴구균을 대상으로 액체배지 미량희석법을 이용하여 16개 항생제의 MIC를 구하였다. 위험인자의 분석을 위하여 폐렴구균 감염증 환자를 대상으로 의무기록지를 조사하였다. Quellung 반응을 통해 혈청형을 결정하였다. 결과 : 총 685균주 중 52.4%가 페니실린에 대하여 비감수성(중등도 내성 22.9%, 내성 29.5%)을 보였고, 그 빈도는 베트남(92.1%), 스리랑카(85.7%), 홍콩(67.9%), 한국(64.5%)의 순이었다. Erythromycin에 대한 비감수성 비율은 베트남(92.1%), 대만(87.7%), 한국(80.6%), 홍콩(76.8%) 등에서 높게 나타났고, 베트남, 대만, 한국, 홍콩 등의 erythromycin의 MIC_(90)이 32㎍/mL를 넘는 고도내성을 보였다. 홍콩, 싱가포르, 대만, 인도에서는 fluoroquinolone에 대한 내성 균주가 출현하였다. 전체 균주 중 다제내성 균주의 비율은 47.7%였다. 혈청형은 19형과 23형이 가장 많았고, 그 외 6형, 14형 등이 있었다. 페니실린 비감수성 감염증의 위험인자로는 5세 미만(OR=1.7; 95%, CI, 1.2-2.4; P=0.002), 기관지폐질환(OR=2.0; 95%, CI, 1.3-3.1; P=0.003), 악성종양(OR=2.3; 95%, CI, 1.2-4.6; P=0.015), 스테로이드의 사용(OR=2.8; 95%, CI, 1.1-7.4; P=0.032)이 확인되었다. 결론 : 침습성 폐렴구균 균주를 대상으로 한 본 연구의 결과 아시아 국가들에서 페니실린, β-lactam 및 macrolide에 대한 폐렴구균의 내성률 및 내성 정도가 급증하고 있음을 확인하였다. Background : Emergence of pneumococcal resistance became a global issue since 1990s. According to the ANSORP studies with clinical isolates and carriage isolates between 1996 and 1999, some Asian countries showed alarmingly high prevalence of resistance to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents. To investigate the changing trends of pneumococcal resistance, ANSORP study group has performed a multinational surveillance study with invasive pneumococcal isolates from Asian countries. Methods : All isolates from various invasive pneumococcal diseases were prospectively collected from 14 centers in 12 countries between November 1999 to August 2001. Broth microdilution tests with 16 antimicrobial agents were performed according to the NCCLS procedures. Serotyping was performed by means of Quelling reaction with use of group-specific antisera. Results : A total of 685 isolates were collected. Overall, 52.4% of invasive isolates from Asian countries were not susceptible to penicillin (intermediate (1), 22.9%, Resistant (R), 29.5%). Vietnam showed the highest prevalence of penicillin non-susceptibility (1 20.6%, R 71.4%) followed by Sri Lanka (1 71.4%, R 14.3%), Hong Kong (1 24.1%, R 76%) and Korea (1 9.7%, R 54.8%). China (I 19.8%, R 23.4%) and Malaysia (1 9.1%, R 29.5%) also showed remarkable increase in penicillin resistance compared with previous ANSORP data, which were less than 10%. Vietnam (92.1%), Taiwan (87.7%), Korea (80.6%), and Hong Kong (76.8%) showed high prevalence of erythromycin resistance. MIG_(90)S for ciprofloxacin were 4 ㎍/mL (Hong Kong) and 2 ㎍/mL (11 Asian countries except Hong Kong), respectively. Conclusion : Compared with previous data from ANSORP studies, antimicrobial resistance among invasive pneumococcal isolates has markedly increased in Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, China, and Malaysia. Continuous surveillance of pneumococcal resistance in Asia is strongly warranted.

Fluoxetine과 Haloperidol의 병합투여시 정신병리 및 추체외로 증상의 변화

이민수,한창수,김제원,원경식,곽동일,Lee, Min-Soo,Han, Chang-Su,Kim, Jae-Won,Won, Kyung-Sik,Kwak, Dong-Il 대한생물정신의학회 1997 생물정신의학 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구는 정신분열증 환자 38명을 대상으로 하여 haloperidol과 fluoxetine을 8주간 병합투여 하였고, PANSS, CGI, Simpson-Angus 척도를 투여전과 투여후 2, 4, 6, 8주에 시행하여 임상증상 및 추체외로 부작용을 평가하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 8주간의 연구기간동안 양성, 음성증상의 유의한 변화가 없었다. 2) 8주의 연구기간동안 추체외로 부작용의 증가가 나타나지 않았다. 이는 기존 연구에서 fluoxetine에 의해 haloperidol의 혈중농도가 증가하여 효과 및 부작용이 증가한다는 연구보고와는 다르며, 이 결과는 haloperidol과 fluoxetine의 병합사용을 안전하게 할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다고 하겠다. Objectives : The authors have intended to know the drug interaction of fluoxetine and haloperidol when coadministering two drugs to the chronic schizophrenics by assessing the changes of positive, negative symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms. Method : We selected 38 patients, the chronic schizophrenics with no physical problems. they are randomly assigned to placebo group and drug group. And then, placebo or fluoxetine 20mg were administered to the subjects of each group during 8 week period. We have assessed their psychopatholgy and extrapyramidal symptoms using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), Clinical Global Impression(CGI), Simpson-Angus Scale at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 week during the period. Results : 38 patients have completed the study during 8 weeks. 1) PANSS, CGI : no significant difference between groups and no significant change according to the times. 2) Simpson-Angus Scale : no significant changes. Conclusion : When co-administering fluoxetine and haloperidol, there were no significant changes of psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptoms. These results suggest that it is safe to coadminister fluoxetine to schizophrenic patients with haloperidol treatmemt.

Operation Range‑Optimized Silver Nanowire Through Junction Treatment

Jae‑Chan Lee,Jong‑Sung Lee,Phillip Won,Jung Jae Park,Seok Hwan Choi,Seung Hwan Ko,Byoung‑Joon Kim,이소연,Young‑Chang Joo 대한금속·재료학회 2020 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.16 No.5

In past decades, stretchable conductors have been investigated for a wide range of applications, and the operation strain rangeof such devices varies by application. To commercialize stretchable devices, it is necessary to optimize the deformation ofstretchable electrodes based on a given device elongation range. Therefore, we investigated the deformation mechanics ofa silver nanowire (AgNW) electrode on an elastomeric substrate depending on its junction treatment method. At low-strain(< 15%), a thermally annealed AgNW electrode showed more stable resistance than a laser-welded AgNW electrode. Conversely,at high strain (> 20%), the thermally annealed AgNW electrode rapidly increased in resistance, while the laser-weldedAgNW electrode showed lower resistivity change. By in situ surface analysis and a repetitive tensile test, we observed thatthe thermally annealed AgNW electrode shows less cracking at low strain but the laser-welded AgNW electrode exhibitsfracturing of individual nanowires at low strain. Furthermore, at high strain, laser-welded AgNWs could slide to reducestress during elongation, resulting in a smaller change in resistance compared to that of thermally annealed AgNW electrode. These results indicate that optimization of adhesion is necessary to fabricate stretchable devices based on deformation range.

요추부 유합수술 후 가동인접분절의 후기변화

김홍태,강도원,유찬훈,정재호,장세앙 대한척추외과학회 1996 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.3 No.1

The spinal fusion in a lumbar region may influence biomechanically in the remained mobile segment to take over the lost motions Therefore the stress concentration on the adjacent segments may accelerate the degenerative changes, and then various late changes could occur. The aim of this study was to evaluate the late changes occuring in the adjacent segments to lumbar fusions. A retrospective review of radiographs and medical records was undertaken for 67 consecutive patients who had undergone various fusions in the lumbar region for various pathologic conditions. Included in this study were the patients who had performed active daily livings without any significant pain or disability after fusion and followed for a minimum of five years(up to 18 years with a mean of 8.3 years). The results of this study were as follows : The instability, disc narrowing, spinal stenosis, vertebral slipping, or isthmic defect were found in the adjacent segments to fusions in the patients who were followed longer, in L4-5 segment and above segment of fusion, and in the adjacent segments where a degenerative changes existed before surgery and where the angular motion increased considerably in a few years after fusion. The symptoms of these patients were responded well with conservative theraphy and no patient needed any surgical theraphy during these follow-up periods.

안면신경마비에 대한 안륜근 미소안면침 증례보고

조아름,김지현,주경옥,원재선,김창환,Cho, Ah-Reum,Kim, Ji-Hyun,Chou, Ching-Yu,Won, Jae-Sun,Kim, Chang-Hwan 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2010 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Miso Facial Acupuncture on Orbicularis Oculi muscle. Methods : Two men and four women with Facial nerve palsy were recruited. Miso Facial Acupuncture on Orbicularis Oculi muscle was performed two times a week for three weeks. The effects of the treatment were evaluated by H-B scale, Y-system and clinical symptom. Results : Before treatment with Miso Facial Acupuncture, three patients showed H-B scale improvement and the other three patients had no change. and four patients showed Y-system improvement and the other two patients had no change. In six cases, the patients had improvement in clinical symptom related with Orbicularis Oculi muscle function. Conclusion : Miso Facial Acupuncture on Orbicularis Oculi muscle showed significant improvement in facial nerve palsy.

일반논문 : 국가 교육과정의 시행과 현대시교육의 구도-1,2차 교육과정기 중등 현대시교육의 방향-

민재원 ( Jae Won Min ),김창원 ( Chang Won Kim ) 한국문학교육학회 2012 문학교육학 Vol.37 No.-

The 1st School Curriculum, designed after the educational direction of <Teaching Syllabus> in 1955, was the beginning of the national school curriculum which established the direction of later national curriculums. Since the 2nd School Curriculum, designed in 1963, is similar to the 1st one in terms of the direction of ideology and philosophy, it would be effective to examine both together. The 1st School Curriculum was discussed during the Korean War and introduced after the war. Therefore the meaning of The 1st School Curriculum could be found through comparison against the contemporary movement of Korean poetic circles. Korean modern poetry after the war developed into two forms, modernism and pure lyricism, according to the reaction towards the war trauma. However, the modern poetry education took different direction by education planners` perspectives. They regarded the poetry education as a refinement, composed textbooks focusing on ``pure`` lyrics, and seemed to believe the possibility of sharing emotions between suppliers and consumers directly. The poetry education during 1st and 2nd School Curriculum Periods was not confirmed in detail. Yet, the poetry education introduced in 1st and 2nd School Curriculum Periods has been maintained very much as it was founded, without major change. Therefore it is necessary to contrast and analyze the poetry education in the 1st and 2nd School Curriculum Periods against the current poetry education.

위용종의 내시경적 생검과 내시경적 절제술 후 병리학적 진단의 불일치

윤원재 ( Won Jae Yoon ),이동호 ( Dong Ho Lee ),이국래 ( Kook Lae Lee ),장동경 ( Dong Kyung Chang ),김병관 ( Byeong Gwan Kim ),김지원 ( Ji Won Kim ),정지봉 ( Ji Bong Jeong ),김나영 ( Na Young Kim ),김진욱 ( Jin Wook Kim ),황진혁 ( 대한내과학회 2005 대한내과학회지 Vol.69 No.5

목적 : 위용종이란 위의 내강으로 돌출한 종괴를 의미한다. 거의 90%에서 조직학적으로 과형성 용종이며 이러한 경우 암으로의 진행은 매우 적은 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 위선종은 일부에서 국소적으로 암성 병변을 동반하거나, 동반하고 있지 않더라도 시간이 지남에 따라 암으로 진행하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 내시경적 겸자 생검과 전체 병변의 절제 후 조직 소견에서는 차이가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 내시경검사에서 위용종이 발견된 후 내시경적 절제술을 시행받은 74명의 환자, 85예의 위용종을 대상으로 임상적 및 병리학적 특성을 알아보고 겸자 생검과 내시경적 절제술 후 병리학적 진단의 불일치를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1996년 4월부터 2003년 2월까지 내시경검사에서 위용종이 발견된 후 내시경적 생검과 내시경적 절제술 후 조직학적 진단이 모두 이루어진 74명의 환자를 대상으로 내시경 사진, 의무 기록 및 병리 기록을 분석하였다. 결과 : 74명의 환자에서 총 85개의 용종을 관찰할 수 있었다. 위용종은 전정부에서 가장 호발하였으며(58.8%) 그 다음으로는 체하부(18.8%)에 호발하였다. 내시경적 겸자 생검에서 관상 선종은 48.2%, 과형성 용종은 30.6%, 염증성 용종은 15.3%, 위저선 용종은 2.4%, 이형성증은 2.4%, 관상융모 선종은 1.1%였다. 내시경적 절제술 후 조직학적 검사상 관상 선종은 45.9%, 과형성 용종은 31.8%, 염증성 용종은 9.4%, 과오종은 3.5%, 위저선 용종은 2.4%, 관상융모 선종은 2.4%, 선암은 2.4%, 이형성증은 1.1%, 점막 위지방종증은 1.1%였다. 내시경적 겸자 생검 결과와 내시경적 절제술 후 조직학적 진단의 불일치율은 27.1%였다. 용종의 크기에 따른 진단 일치율의 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 결론 : 위용종의 겸자 생검과 내시경적 절제술 후 조직검사 소견은 차이가 있을 수 있다. 용종의 크기는 진단 일치율에 영향을 미치지 못했다. 따라서 특히 선종이 의심되는 경우에는 크기에 상관없이 내시경적 절제술을 통한 전체 병변의 조직검사가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background : Gastric polyp is a descriptive term referring to mucosal prominence that protrudes beyond the flat lining of the stomach. Almost 90% of gastric polyps are hyperplastic polyps. Adenomatous polyps may contain focal carcinomatous foci or undergo carcinomatous changes. It is known that there is some degree of discordance between the results of endoscopic forceps biopsy and pathology of resected specimens. The aim of this study was to investigate the discordance in pathologic findings between endoscopic forceps biopsy and endoscopic resection specimen of gastric polyps. Methods : We reviewed endoscopic photographs and medical records of the patients who underwent endoscopic resection from April, 1996 through February, 2003. Results : A total of 85 cases of gastric polyps from 74 patients were reviewed. Male-to-female ratio was 1:1.96. Mean age was 59.9±10.8 years. Multiple polyps were observed in 10.8%. Gastric polyps occurred in the antrum most frequently (58.8%). Pathology results on resected specimens were as follows: tubular adenoma 45.9%, hyperplastic polyp 31.8%, inflammatory polyp 9.4%, hamartoma 3.5%, fundic gland polyp 2.4%, tubulovillous adenoma 2.4%, adenocarcinoma 2.4%, dysplasia 1.1%, and mucosal pseudolipomatosis 1.1%. Discordance rate between endoscopic biopsy and pathology of resected specimens was 27.1%. There was no relationship between the size of the polyp and concordance rate. Conclusions : There was considerable discordance in pathologic findings between endoscopic forceps biopsy and resected specimens. Approaches to review the histology of an entire polyp should be performed, especially when an adenoma is suspected.(Korean J Med 69:481-486, 2005)

HPV에 감염된 자궁경부 상피세포의 Keratin 아형 변화에 관한 연구

기근홍,이영미,장원재,임용,임성철,김창원,전호종 조선대학교 1994 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.19 No.2

The human papillomavirus (HPV) are wide spread in the world, causing proliferation of epidermal and mucosal surface. Certain papillomaviral types are oncogenic in vivo and in vitro. HPV DNA has been detected in most of cervical lesions such as condyloma acuminata, dysplasias, and invasive carcinomas. The materials for this study consisted of 5 dysplasias. 5 squamous cell carcinomas, and 5 exocervix for control, that resected for definite treatment of uterine disease at Chosen University Hospital from January, 1991 to December, 1993. All cases were performed of in situ hybridization for HPV DNA type 6/11, 16, and 18. And also immununohistochemical stain for panel of monoclonal cytokeratin (CK) antibodies were done. The result obtained is as fallows : 1. HPV DNA type 6/11 are detected in all dysplasias. HPV DNA type 16 and 18 are detected in squamous cell carcinomas. 2. Stratifed squamous epithelium of exocervix are positive staining for CK 1, CK 5/6, CK 8, CK 13, CK 14, and CK 19. HPV DNA type 6/11 infected cells are positive for CK 1, CK 13, CK 14, CK 17, CK 18, and CK 19. HPV DNA type 16/18 infected cells are positive for CK 1, CK 5/6, CK 10, CK 13, CK 14, CK 17, CK 18, and CK 19. In conclusion, HPV infection of uterine cervix is associated with change of normal cytokeratin expression pattern. Dysplastic cells are changed of CK 5/6, CK 8, CK 17 and CK18. Squamous cell carcinoma cells are changed of CK 8, CK 17, and CK 18.