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한우, 칡소 및 제주 흑우 Calpain-Calpastatin 유전자 다양성
이승환,김승창,조수현,최봉환,Aditi Sharma,임다정,당창권,장선식,김재환,고문석,양보석,강희설 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2013 농업과학연구 Vol.40 No.2
The aim of study was to investigate genetic diversity for the calpain/calpastatin gene in three Hanwoo breeds [(Brown (n=62), Brindle (n=81) and Jeju Black (n=30)]. Random samples from three breeds of Hanwoo were selected and genotyped for the 7 SNPs of calpain/calpastatin using TaqMan method. Allele frequencies were investigated for CAPN1/CAST gene. Allele frequency of CAST2 SNP was 0.75, 0.59 and 0.22 for Brown, Brindle and Jeju black, respectively. The CAST3 revealed allele frequency of 0.59 and 0.57 in Brown and Jeju Black, while it showed very low allele frequency (0.07) in Brindle. In particular, favorable allele (G allele) for the CAPN1-2 SNP which was shown a strong association with tenderness in Taurine and Indicine cattle revealed 16% and 17% higher allele frequency in Brown Hanwoo (0.82) comparing Brindle (0.66) and Jeju Black Hanwoo (0.65). AMOVA demonstrated that among population variance occupied only 10% of total variance and among individual variance was 0%, while within individual variance was 90% of total variance. This result showed that population effect contributed very small portion of genetic to these three Hanwoo breeds, while within individual variance contributed large portion of genetic diversity within these Hanwoo breeds. In conclusion, three Hanwoo breeds (Brown, Brindle and Jeju black) showed a genetically homogeneous based on the 7 SNPs of CAPN1/CAST gene and it came from same ancestor to form modern Hanwoo breed.
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γ-Poly(glutamic acid)와 키토산 공중합체 필름의 물성
박승림,고영환 제주대학교 생명과학연구소 2001 제주생명과학연구 Vol.4 No.-
Chitosan was prepared from crab shells. γ-Poly(glutamic acid)(y-PGA) was purified from culture filtrate of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC9945a. γ-PGA-chitosan interpolymers were used to make than films. Tensile strength, extent of elongation, weight loss in water, and moisture gain under standard conditions of the films were determined. Tensile strength of the γ-PGA-chitosan interpolymer film was 85.5MPa and its extent of elongation was 12.5%. When the interpolymer film was suspended in distilled water at 20℃ for 24 hours, the weight loss was 6.8%, which was much lower than those of γ-PGA film 100% or chitosan film 47.7%. Moisture gain of the interpolymer film showed the similar tendencies to the case of the weight loss and it was only 18.4% by weight under standard conditions.
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허승만,고영환,하진환,김재하 제주대학교 생명과학연구소 1999 제주생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.-
chitosan은 D-glucosamine이 β-(1→4) 결합으로 중합된 homopolymer로 chitin을 탈아세틸화(deacetylation)하여 제조된다. chitin은 갑각류의 껍질이나 곤충의 외피, 사상균체의 세포벽을 구성하고 있다. chitin, chitosan 또는 그 분해산물이나 유도체들의 산업적 효율성이 밝혀지면서, 이에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 그 중의 한 분야가 효소 분해법을 이용한 chitosan oligomer(chitosanoligosaccharides)의 생산이다. 본 연구에서는 chitosan을 분해하는 미동정 세균의 배양액으로부터 chitosan 가수분해효소(chitosanase)를 분리·정제하여, 주요 특성을 조사하였다. 세균의 무세포 배양액을 한외여과기(NMWL, 1K)로 여과하여 저분자량의 화합물을 제거한 다음 황산암모늄을 가하여 90% 포화시키고, 침전된 단백질을 회수하여 gel permeation chromatography(sephadex G-10과 G-100)로 chitosanase를 정제하였다. 정제전 효소의 비활성은 5.8U/mg 이었으나 정제과정을 통하여 9.7U/mg으로 증대되었다. 정제 전후를 통하여 SDS-PAGE 법에 의한 단백질의 분석과 효소활성 염색으로 한 종류의 chitosanase가 확인되었으며, 그 분자량은 약 30,000dalton 이었고, subunit는 한 종류인 것으로 추정되었다. chitosanase에 의한 기질의 분해산물을 한외여과와 TLC로 분석한 결과, 이 효소는 이량체에서 육량체까지의 chitosanoligosaccharides를 생산하였으며, 단량체를 생산하지 않는 특징이 있었다. 효소반응 최적온도는 40℃이었고, 50℃ 이상에서는 효소의 활성이 급격히 저하되어, 비교적 열안전성이 낮았다. 또한, 이 효소는 pH 5.0∼9.0 범위에서 1시간 방치해도 활성변화가 미미하여, 비교적 광범위한 중성영역에서 안정하였다. Chitosan is a polymer of D-glucosamine linked by β-(1→4) covalent bonds. It is obtained through deacetylation of chitin that occurs mainly in the shells of crustaceans and the exoskeletons of insects. It is also found in fungal cell walls. Having relatively rich natural resources, chitin and their derivatives are widely utilized in industries. Among those are chitosanoligosaccharides that are reported to have several biological functions. The production of chitosanoligosaccharides requires hydrolysis of chitosan by an acid or an enzyme. A chitosanase, the chitosan-depolymerizing enzyme, was purified from unidentified bacterial culture and its characteristics were determined. Cell-free culture of the unidentified bacterium was filtered with ultramembrane(NMWL, 1K) to remove low molecular weight compounds. Ammonium sulfate was added to the filtrate at the level of 90% saturation to induce precipitation of proteins. The precipitated proteins were desalted with sephadex G-10 column and fractionated through sephadex G-100 gel permeation chromatography. Specific activity of the enzyme before purification was 5.8 units/mg and was increased up to 9.7 units/mg through purification procedures. SDS-PAGE analysis of proteins and enzyme activity staining revealed only one kind of chitosanase in the bacterial culture. Its molecular weight was about 30,000 dalton with one kind of subunit. The catalytic unit could highly be a monomeric protein. TLC-analysis of enzymatic hydrolysis products of chitosan showed that the enzyme generated dimeric through hexameric oligomers of D-glucosamine without producing monomeric D-glucosamine. Its optimum temperature for catalytic activity was 40℃ and the catalytic activity dropped rapidly at the temperatures higher than 50℃, which reflected its low heat stability. The enzyme was stable for at least one hour at neutral pH ranges from 5.0∼9.0.
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흰쥐에서 사염화탄소에 의해 유도된 간 상해에 미치는 키토산 올리고당의 영향
이영돈,박승림,강소영,김세재,박지권,고영환 제주대학교 생명과학연구소 1999 제주생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.-
Chitosan is the deacetylated product of chitin. Chitosan and its derivatives have many properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of health applications. We reported recently that water soluble chitooligosaccharides have hepatoprotective effect on ethanol induced liver injury in the mouse. The current study examined the effect of water soluble chitooligosaccharides on CC1₄-induced liver injury in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally treated with CC1₄without or with administration of 5% chitooligosaccharides. After 5 weeks after CC1₄treatment, the histological sections and the expression of mRNA of interleukin-12(IL-12), hepatocyte growth factor(HGF), and tumor necrosis factor(TNF- ) were examined. The liver section of rats supplemented with chitooligosaccharides showed attenuated effects of the necrosis, steatosis, cirrhosis compared with those of non-supplemented rats. The level of TNF- mRNA in CC1₄-treated rats were higher than those in the rats supplemented with chitooligosaccharides, while the levels of IL-12 and HGF mRNA were higher in the rats supplemented with chitooligosaccharides than those of in CC1₄-treated rats. These findings suggested that water soluble chitooligosaccharides may have a hepatoprotective activity against CCl₄-induced liver injury in rats.
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김연희,장은혜,고명환,신승훈,양경혜,손진훈 한국뇌학회 2002 한국뇌학회지 Vol.2 No.2
본 연구는 fMRI를 사용하여 정서유발단어에 의한 주의이동과 관련한 뇌신경망을 규명하기 위하여 12명의 오른손잡이 여대생을 대상으로 수행하였다. fMRI 실험을 위한 뇌활성화 과제는 예비실험을 통하여 선정된 행복, 슬픔, 위협에 해당하는 각각 36개씩의 단어와 각 단어의 짝을 이루기 위한 중성단어를 이용하여 변형된 Posner 패러다임을 블록디자인으로 고안하였다. fMRI 영상은 1.5T Simens Vision scanner를 사용하여 실시하였으며, single-shot EPI 기법으로(TR/TE:3840/40ms, flip angle: 90, FOV: 220, 64x64 matrix, Slice thickness: 6mm) 이미지를 얻었고 피험자의 반응시간을 기록하였다. 자료분석은 SPM-99 소프트웨어를 사용하였다. 정서유발단어는 중성단어에 비하여 반응시간이 의미있게 빨라 효과적인 주의이동이 일어났음을 알 수 있었다. 정서유발단어와 중성단어에 의한 뇌활성화 상태를 감산분석한 결과, 좌측 상두정엽, 양측 후두엽 및 소뇌에서 뇌활성화를 보였고, 이들 영역은 정서유발단어에 의한 주의이동시 특징적으로 활성이 일어나는 뇌영역임을 보여주었다. 또한 여러 가지 정서가를 가진 단어에 의해 유발되는 주의의 정도가 특징적인 신경망의 활성과 관련되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to delineate the neural network related to the shift of attention and its modulation by emotion-provoking words using functional MRI (fMRI). Twelve right-handed normal female volunteers participated in fMRI study. Their mean age was 24 years and the mean modified Edinburgh score was +90. Emotion-provoking words representing happy, sad, threatened, and neutral emotional valences respectively were chosen by the assessment of 60 normal volunteers using semantic differentiation and Mannequin scales. The activation tasks were designed using modified Posner's paradigm to have 4 blocks of each emotional and control periods, Imaging was conducted on a 1.5T Siemens Vision scanner. Single-shot echoplanar images (TR/TE = 3840/40 ms, flip angle = 90, FOV = 220, matrix = 62 ? 64, slice thickness = 6㎜) were acquired in 20 contiguous slices parallel to the AC_PC line as well as conventional T1-weighted images. Response times were obtained during the scanning, Imaging data were realigned, coregistered, normalized, smoothed, and statistically analyzed in group using SPM-99 software. The results showed that emotional valence of word stimuli produced the effect of attentional engagement. The left superior parietal, inferior frontal, bilateral occipital lobes and cerebellum were main area of modulation of attentional network by emotional words stimuli. The different extent of brain activation induced by different emotion-provoking words were determined.
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노치권(외 6명) 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2012 自然科學論文集 Vol.22 No.-
To study fauna of Silla University located in Mt. Baek-yang, we conducted six surveys from 29 May 2011 to 28 April 2012. We found five phyla 41 orders 197 species of animals inhabiting in this area: four phyla 27 orders 163 species of invertebrates and in vertebrates one order six species of fishes, three orders nine species of amphibians and reptiles, six orders 14 species of aves, and four orders five species of mammals. Of these species, some Korean endemic species were included: a fish of Rhodeus uyekii in a pond near main gate of this university, a frog of Rana coreana in a creek near a dormitory, and a rabbit of Lepus coreanus and a water deer of Hydropotes inermis in a grass region near a main stadium. A kind of hawk, Falco tinnunculus as a natural monument (animal) of no. 323-8, was observed on a building of medical and life science. A blue frog of Hyla japonica as a variation was found near a spring resort. Therefore, this area is considered an ecologically important area having a high animal diversity.
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