Long second toe: its nail and skin changes

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Nail can be affected by trauma, infection, and systematic disorders. In particular, the toe nails are exposed to the repeated and cumulative minor traumas, which usually result in thickened, splitted, and discolorated nails. Considering these, it can be inferred that the long second toe can be related to various nail and skin changes by repeated minor traumas such as friction in shoes, but the study or report on this topic hasn’t been done yet. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce various nail and skin changes on long second toe. Methods: We analyzed the kinds of nail/skin changes of 50 patients with long second toe, enrolled at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2013 to 2018. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of left and right toe and toenail, and 7 (14%) patients presented bilateral distribution. The most common nail change on long second toe was melanonychia (23, 46%), followed by subungual hematoma (15, 30%), onycholysis (2, 4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (2, 4%), onychomadesis (1, 2%), and retronychia (1, 2%). The most common skin change was corn (9, 18%), followed by paronychia (2, 4%). Twenty (20/50, 40%) patients also had other toe or toenail changes. Among them, the most common site was big toe/nail (13, 62%), and the most common change was subungual hematoma (8, 42%). Conclusion: Through this study, the dermatologists can recognize and diagnose the nail and skin changes of long second toe.

미세 전기기계 시스템용 알루미늄 박막의 탄성계수 및 항복강도 평가

주영창,손동일,관동일 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2001 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.39 No.3

Nowadays, the aluminum films have wide application in micromechanical devices such as micro sensors and actuators, so that their mechanical properties come to be very important for reliability evaluation. However, there is no standardized method to evaluate the mechanical properties of material used in MEMS (micraelectromechanical system) device since the measured mechanical properties are influenced by many factors such as surface condition, friction force, etc. Hence, we intended to evaluate the mechanical properties of thin film in our study, which is important in mechanical operation. Because MEMS devices are usually operating in elastic range, the Young's modules and yield strength were evaluated by using microcantilever beam technique. First, Al cantilever beams were fabricated using the silicon bulk micromachining technology to have various film thickness. And then, the load-displacement curve was obtained by nanoindentation method. The linear relation in elastic range was utilized in deriving the Young's modulus of Al film, which gives us reproducible result regardless of film thickness. In high load range, the deviation from the linear relation was detected, so that the yield strength of Al film could be evaluated. It is found that the yield strength increases with decreasing film thickness. By applying the misfit dislocation theory and the Hall-Petch relation, the theoretical estimation could predict well the trend of yield strength.

십이지장 결핵 2예의 내시경적 고찰

장린,박충기,민영일,장영운,우정택,방익수,최학림,장주희 대한소화기내시경학회 1985 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.5 No.1

Today, the duodenal tuberculosis is a very rare disease. Final diagnosis of duodenal tuberculosis is difficult due to inconsistent symptoms and nonspecific duodenal lesions. We found 2 cases of duodenal tuberculosis by gastrascopy. In gastroscopic findings, there were undetermined ulcers and irregular nodular mucosal changes.

A Structural Analysis on the Leaflet Motion Induced by the Blood Flow for Design of a Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve Prosthesis

Young Joo Kwon,Chang Nyung Kim,Jae Won Lee 대한기계학회 2003 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.17 No.9

This paper presents a structural analysis on the rigid and deformed motion of the leaflet induced by the blood flow required in the design of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve (MHV)<br/> prosthesis. In the study on the design and the mechanical characteristics of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve, the fluid mechanics analysis on the blood flow passing through leaflets, the kinetodynamics analysis on the rigid body motion of the leaflet induced by the pulsatile blood flow, and the structural mechanics analysis on the deformed motion of the leaflet are required sequentially and simultaneously. Fluid forces computed in the previous hemodynamics analysis on the blood tlow are used in the kinetodynamics analysis on the rigid body motion of the leaflet. Thereafter, the structural mechanics analysis on the deformed motion of the leaflet follows to predict the structural strength variation of the leaflet as the leaflet thickness changes. Analysis results show that structural deformations and stresses increase as the fluid pressure increases and the leaflet thickness decreases. Analysis results also show that the leaflet becomes structurally weaker and weaker as the leaflet thickness becomes smaller than 0.6 mm.

A Structural Analysis on the Leaflet Motion Induced by the Blood Flow for Design of a Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve Prosthesis

Kwon, Young-Joo,Kim, Chang-Nyung,Lee, Jae-Won The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2003 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.17 No.9

This paper presents a structural analysis on the rigid and deformed motion of the leaflet induced by the blood flow required in the design of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve (MHV) prosthesis. In the study on the design and the mechanical characteristics of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve, the fluid mechanics analysis on the blood flow passing through leaflets, the kinetodynamics analysis on the rigid body motion of the leaflet induced by the pulsatile blood flow, and the structural mechanics analysis on the deformed motion of the leaflet are required sequentially and simultaneously. Fluid forces computed in the previous hemodynamics analysis on the blood flow are used in the kinetodynamics analysis on the rigid body motion of the leaflet. Thereafter, the structural mechanics analysis on the deformed motion of the leaflet follows to predict the structural strength variation of the leaflet as the leaflet thickness changes. Analysis results show that structural deformations and stresses increase as the fluid pressure increases and the leaflet thickness decreases. Analysis results also show that the leaflet becomes structurally weaker and weaker as the leaflet thickness becomes smaller than 0.6 mm.

개에서 동소성 간이식술시의 대사 및 혈역학적 변화

이창준,홍순용,신근만,최영룡,이영주,문종선 대한마취과학회 1993 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.26 No.3

Skilled and experienced anestheia is of great importance for patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation, because of multiple preexisting medical problems in such patients as well as the intraoperative problems of rapid hemodynamic, metabolic, and coagulation changes. In this study, the intraoperative hemodynamic and laboratory data were analyzed in ten dogs that underwent an orthotopic liver transplantation procedure by veno-venous bypass using Biopump. Liver transplantation can be divided into three distinct periods: stage I, or preanhepatic stage, which begins with the induction of anesthesia and continues until cross clamping of portal vein and IVC; stage II, or anhepatic stage, which begins at the anhepatic time and continues until the donor liver is reperfused by the recipients circulating blood; and stage III, or postanhepatic stage, which begins at the time of reperfusion and continues until the end of surgical procedure. The hemodynamic changes at the time of IVC and portal vein cross clamping were decreases in CVP, PCWP, and pulmonary artery pressure in spite of using Biopump. The significant metabolic alternations during anhepatic stage were decrease in blood glucose levels and increase in blood lactate levels. The more significant hemodynamic changes occurred at the time of reperfusion. Systolic pressure decreased suddenly to 58±6 mmHg and cardiac output decreased to 1.08±0.1l L/min. However heart rate, pulmonary artery pressure, CVP, and PCWP did not change significantly. During stage III, hyperglycemia occurred quite frequently. Significant abnormal coagulation chages could not be found, probably because the dogs were healthy. In conclusion, during anhepatic stage, we have to compensate for alternations of fluid balance. At the time of reperfusion, we should prevent severe hemodynamic changes and treat them immediately if they occur. However, it seems that glucose administration is not necessary to the liver recipient during stage II because there is no significant hemodynamic depression e to hypoglycemia at this time and hyperglycemia occurs later

154kV 변전소의 전자계 및 유도전압 계산에 관한 연구

문채주,장영학,최창혁 木浦大學校 工業技術硏究所 1999 工業技術硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

This paper is to analyse electromagnetic fields on a 154kV substation system and induced voltages on the substation fence when the network is operating in a normal condition or a fault condition in which one phase is shorted with the ground wire using HIFREQ software. Also, the changing trend of scalar potential and electromagnetic fields that are changed in accordance with the value of resistivity and relative permeability of ground are showed and discussed. A finding of the study is that the scalar potential and electro-magnetic fields are raised near the tower, and the values of electric field on the comer of substation fence and at the edge of the ground grid are higher than other locations. And the trends of electric fields under normal condition and fault condition are similar to each other, the trends of magnetic fields are showed the peak value at the inflow point of current. The induced currents of substation fence have the peak value at the bottom outside of transmission line under normal condition and at the bottom of fault line under fault condition.

확대행렬의 고유치감도를 이용한 미소신호안정도 해석

문채주,장영학,심관식 木浦大學校 工業技術硏究所 1998 工業技術硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-

New eigen-sensitivity theories of the augmented matrix are applied to small signal stability analysis of EPRI one-machine infinite-bus system and New England 10-machine 39-bus test system. First and second order eigenvalue sensitivities are computed for changes of the parameters of line reactance and controllers including exciter, turbine/governor and PSS. It is found in many cases that since eigenvalue trajectories for parameter changes are nonlinear and first order estimate is not adequate for relatively large variation in parameters. Hence second order estimate is essential to guarantee accuracy for wide range of parameter changes.

연구논문 : 근대 이후 조리서에 나타난 (전)煎의 변화 분석 및 문헌 고찰

조주형 ( Joo Hyung Cho ),장영은 ( Young Eun Chang ),김진숙 ( Jin Sock Kim ) 한국식생활문화학회 2012 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.27 No.6

This study examined the historical changes in Jean. The Korean dictionary was analyzed to analyze the modern definition of Jeon. To investigate the change in the type and cooking methods of Jean, 36 cookbooks from the late 1800s to 1999 were analyzed. The cooking method for Jean, such as the ingredient, quantity and how to cooking were presented systematically since 1935. The main ingredients of jeon in modern cookbooks are seafood 36.0%, vegetables 30.2% and meat 20.3%. Jean made with seafood or vegetables, chopped meat put in each main ingredient or meatballs with minced meat, etc. meat was used to make Jean in a variety of ways. The cooking method for Jeon in a frying pan is the most basic method. After trimmed materials, adding flour, eggs and oil are the most common way, Making dough with grain flour or ground potatoes, green beans, legumes, etc., and mixing the ingredients in a pan-frying methods appeared to be under the influence of other countries recipes. Modern food culture, introducing new ingredients and cookware, has changed. As a result, jeon cooking methods and the application of the material have varied. The type of jean and cooking methods are expected to increase further and become more diverse.

A Comparison of Outcomes of Three Reconstruction Methods after Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy

Kim, Chang Hyun,Song, Kyo Young,Park, Cho Hyun,Seo, Young Joo,Park, Seung-Man,Kim, Jin-Jo The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2015 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the short-term surgical and long-term functional outcomes of Billroth I, Billroth II, and Roux-en-Y reconstruction after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 697 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for operable gastric cancer between January 2009 and December 2012. The patients were classified into three groups according to the reconstruction methods: Billroth I, Billroth II, and Roux-en-Y. The parameters evaluated included patient and tumor characteristics, operative details, and postoperative complications classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Endoscopic findings of the remnant stomach were evaluated according to the residue, gastritis, bile (RGB) classification and the Los Angeles classification 1 year postoperatively. Results: Billroth I, Billroth II, and Roux-en-Y were performed in 165 (23.7%), 371 (53.2%), and 161 patients (23.1%), respectively. Operation time was significantly shorter ($173.4{\pm}44.7$ minute, P<0.001) as was time to first flatus ($2.8{\pm}0.8$ days, P=0.009), time to first soft diet was significantly faster ($4.3{\pm}1.0$ days, P<0.001), and postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter ($7.7{\pm}4.0$ days, P=0.004) in Billroth I in comparison to the other methods. Postoperative complications higher than Clavien-Dindo grade III occurred in 61 patients (8.8%) with no statistically significant differences between groups (P=0.797). Endoscopic findings confirmed that gastric residue, gastritis, bile reflux, and reflux esophagitis were significantly lower in Roux-en-Y (P<0.001) patients. Conclusions: Roux-en-Y reconstruction after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for middle-third gastric cancer is beneficial in terms of long-term functional outcome, whereas Billroth I reconstruction for distal-third gastric cancer has a superior short-term surgical outcome and postoperative weight change.