Differences in Rice stripe virus transmission abilities of Laodelphax striatellus (Homoptera: Delphacidae) from four geographical populations

Qing-Qing Gui,Xi-Min Shi,Fang Liu 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3

The small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), can transfer Rice stripe virus (RSV) to host plants,which then develop rice stripe disease. Between vectors, there are two paths for RSV transmission. In currentstudy, we examined the horizontal, vertical and compound transmission rates (horizontal and vertical transmissionstogether) by L. striatellus from one non-epidemic area (Fuyang in Zhejiang province) and three epidemicareas (Yizheng and Peixian in Jiangsu province, and Donggang in Liaoning province). RSV acquisition rates fornaïve L. striatellus from the four populations were not significantly different. RSV transmission rate to healthyrice plants by viruliferous L. striatellus from Fuyang population was relatively lower than those of the otherthree populations. For example, RSV transmission rate in Fuyang population decreased by 1 fold compared tothat in Peixian population when the transmission times were 48 and 72 h. It indicated that horizontal transmissionability of Fuyang population was lower. Vertical transmission rate and the compound transmission abilitiesof infective L. striatellus in the first generation did not differ significantly among the four populations. However,the ratio of RSV-positive offspring of an infective mother in the fourth generation of Fuyang population (84.3 ±2.4%) was lowest, and decreased by 10% compared to that of Peixian population. It meant that compound transmissionability of Fuyang population was significantly lower than the other three populations. The reason for thedifference in transmission abilities of L. striatellus from different populations was discussed.

Scratching Stimuli of Mycelia Influence Fruiting Body Production and ROS-Scavenging Gene Expression of Cordyceps militaris

( Gui-qing Liu ),( Xue-hong Qiu ),( Li Cao ),( Ri-chou Han ) 한국균학회 2018 Mycobiology Vol.46 No.4

The entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris is a valuable medicinal ascomycete, which degenerates frequently during subsequent culture. To avoid economic losses during industrialized production, scratching stimuli of mycelia was introduced to improve the fruiting body production. The present results indicated that higher yields and biological efficiency were obtained from two degenerate strains (YN1-14 and YN2-7) but not from g38 (an insertional mutant in Rhf1 gene with higher yields and shorter growth periods). Furthermore, the growth periods of the fruiting bodies were at least 5 days earlier when the mycelia were scratched before stromata differentiation. Three ROS-scavenging genes including Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CmSod1), Glutathione peroxidase (CmGpx), and Catalase A (CmCat A) were isolated and their expression profiles against scratching were determined in degenerate strain YN1-14 and mutant strain g38. At day 5 after scratching, the expression level of CmGpx significantly decreased for strain g38, but that of CmSod1 significantly increased for YN1-14. These results indicated that scratching is an effective way to promote fruiting body production of degenerate strain, which may be related at least with Rhf1 and active oxygen scavenging genes.

Epidemiological Investigation of Asymptomatic Dogs with Leishmania Infection in Southwestern China Where Visceral Leishmaniasis is Intractable

Gui-Hua Zhao,Kun Yin,Wei-Xia Zhong,Ting Xiao,Qing-Kuan Wei,Yong Cui,Gong-Zhen Liu,Chao Xu,Hong-Fa Wang 대한기생충학열대의학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.54 No.6

Heishui county, located in northwest Sichuan province, southwestern China, is an endemic area of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and is the most intractable area. VL is never destroyed in it. Asymptomatic dogs (Leishmania parasites have been diagnosed but clinically healthy) are considered to be a potential reservoir host in zoonotic VL area, and most can lead to infection of individuals, that is a new challenge for controlling VL in humans. The present study aimed to assess the Leishmania infection rate of asymptomatic dogs in Heishui county. Total 105 asymptomatic domestic dogs were gathered from 4 districts in Heishui county to investigate the infection rate with serological and molecular methods based on ELISA and kinetoplast minicircle DNA(kDNA) PCR, respectively. Out of 105 dogs, 44 (41.9%) were positive by more than 1 method; 21 (20.0%) were positive by ELISA, and 30 (28.6%) were positive by kDNA-PCR. Our study showed that Leishmania infection of domestic dogs which is clinically healthy is prevalent in the studied district, and the asymptomatic dogs infected by Leishmania may be the primary reason for the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in the area.

Insulin receptors regulate the fecundity of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Liu Yong-Kang,Luo Yu-Jia,Deng Ying-Mei,Li Yan,Pang Xiao-Qing,Xu Cai-Di,Wang Shi-Gui,Tang Bin 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.4

Two InR (insulin receptor) genes have been identified in the Nilaparvata lugens. In this study, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to investigate the role of InR genes in the fecundity of N. lugens. The expression of NLInR1 and NLInR2 genes was simultaneously silenced with mixture of dsInR1 and dsInR2 (dsInRs) injection. Our results showed that larvae RNAi against both NLInR1 and NLInR2 reduced the number of eggs laid by N. lugens and some eggs as well as ovaries were abnormal. In addition, the relative expression of Vg (vitellogenin) and VgR (vitellogenin receptor) was significantly reduced on the 4th and 6th days after insects treated with larvae RNAi reached the adult stage. We also determined the relative expression levels of insulin/insulin-like signaling (IIS) related genes in RNAi-treated larvae and found that the expression levels of Chico (homologous receptor substrate), Akt (protein kinase B), PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) genes decreased whereas FOXO (forkhead box O) and GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3) levels increased on the 4th and 6th days after insects reached the adult stage. These results indicate that silencing of NLInR1 and NLInR2 reduces the fecundity of N. lugens through the IIS pathway.

Identification and expression profiles of putative chemosensory protein genes in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Su Liu,Xiao-Xiao Shi,Qing-Zi Zhu,Wen-Juan Jiao,Zi-Jie Zhu,Hang Yu,Gui-YaoWang,Zengrong Zhu 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.1

Insect chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are small, water-soluble proteins which can bind and transport hydrophobic odorants through sensillum lymph to activate odorant receptors, thus play important roles in the olfactory recognition. In the present study, by searching the transcriptome data sets, a total of 22 candidate CSP genes were identified from Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, a serious lepidopteran rice pest in Asia. CSP proteins encoded by these genes showed typical characteristics: an N-terminal signal peptide, four conserved cysteine residues and the pattern of cysteine spacing. The expression profiles of these putative CSP genes were investigated using real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that five genes (CmedCSP4, CmedCSP8, CmedCSP11, CmedCSP18 and CmedCSP21) were expressed primarily in antennae, suggesting their involvement in olfactory processes; whilst other genes are mainly expressed in non-olfactory tissues, such as abdomen and legs, indicating a broader physiological function for these CSPs. The findings will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of chemoreception in C. medinalis.

Ionic liquid extraction of silkworm pupa protein and its biological characteristics

Zeng Qing-Lei,Zhang Ning,Zhang Yue-Yue,Xin Xiang-Dong,Attaribo Thomas,Shao Ying,Tang Liu-Mei,Zhang Ran,이광식,진병래,Gui Zhongzheng 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.1

Silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupa protein (SPP) is a high-quality source of animal protein with substantial nutri tional benefits and health value. To develop an efficient extraction method for SPP that is environmentally friendly, we selected choline hydroxide ionic liquid (CH-IL) as the extraction solvent and performed orthogonal experiments to optimize the extraction conditions. We demonstrated that 3% CH-IL, a solid-to-liquid ratio (g/mL) of 1:30, an extraction temperature of 40 ◦ C, and an extraction time of 1 h facilitated the most efficient extraction. Compared to the conventional alkali solubilization–acid precipitation method, the CH-IL extraction increased protein content by 12.14%. Protein structure analysis showed that the β-sheet content increased by 10.98% and that of disulfide bonds reduced by 16.4%. The processing properties of the CH-IL extracted protein showed that the solubility, emulsification, and foaming capacity were enhanced by 82.87%, 15.44%, and 18.97%, respec tively. The physical properties of SPP remarkably improved relative to the increased stretching of the poly peptide chains. The findings of this study provide technical knowledge that will enhance the processing performance of pupal proteins.

Characteristics of Imported Malaria and Species of Plasmodium Involved in Shandong Province, China (2012-2014)

Chao Xu,Qing-Kuan Wei,Jin Li,Ting Xiao,Kun Yin,Chang-Lei Zhao,Yong-Bin Wang,Xiang-Li Kong,Gui-Hua Zhao,Hui Sun,Xin Liu,Bing-Cheng Huang 대한기생충학열대의학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.54 No.4

Study on Drilling Ground Collapse Induced by Groundwater Flow and Prevention Based on a Coupled CFD-DEM Method

Hao-tong Zhou,Chang-qing Liu,Gui-he Wang,Kai Kang,Yu-hong Liu 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.5

Given the hazards caused by drilling ground collapse (DGC) due to groundwater flow in the processes of geotechnical engineering investigation, a coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-DEM) method is adopted to numerically simulate the development of hazards. An improved coupling program is employed to realize the two-way coupling between open-source CFD code OpenFOAM and commercial DEM software PFC3D. The coupling program allows complex meshes generated by ANSYS ICEM to be imported into PFC3D. The feasibility and accuracy of the CFD-DEM method are first verified by simulating a single spherical particle settling in hydrostatic water and the formation of the repose angle of sandpiles. Then, this method is adopted to investigate the patterns of stratum deformation and foundation loss, typical particle flow processes, and characteristics of drilling rig toppling. Finally, measures for prevention of DGC induced by groundwater flow are discussed in detail. Two typical strata, including a water-rich sand stratum and a water-rich sand-clay compound stratum, are considered. The research results show that for the water-rich sand stratum, DGC induces a “bowl”-shaped settlement trough, and the maximum value of ground surface settlement is proportional to the foundation loss rate. For the water-rich sand-clay compound stratum, a “jar”-shaped settlement trough is created. Four typical particle flow processes are involved in DGC. The drilling rig topples toward the center of the settlement trough. The maximum displacement appears at the top of the tower and has an approximate linear correlation with the groundwater flow velocity. The measures and methods of DGC prevention are also summarized in detail. The results of this research provide a reference for hazard prevention and delicacy control of DGC induced by groundwater flow.

Thermal decomposition kinetics of 5-fluorouracil from thermogravimetric analysis

Yi-ling Bei,Qing-yang Liu,Gui-bin Qi,Yuan-jun Ding 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.25 No.5

The thermal decomposition kinetics of 5-fluorouracil was studied by thermogravimetric analysis methodology. The decomposition activation energy was calculated by using Ozawa method by means of TGA in nitrogen atmosphere. Moreover, the decomposition mechanism and pre-factor were obtained by Coats-Redfern and Achar methods, respectively. It is found that the decomposition activation energy of fluorouracil is 105 kJ·mol−1. The decomposition mechanisms obtained by Coats-Redfern and Achar methods are G( α)=[−ln(1− α)]2/3 and f( α)=1.5(1− α)[−ln(1−α)]1/3 respectively, lnA is 21.40 min−1.

Expression of Connexin 43 and E-cadherin Protein and mRNA in Non-small Cell Lung Cancers in Chinese Patients

Zhao, Jun-Qiang,Sun, Fang-Jie,Liu, Shan-Shan,Yang, Jun,Wu, Yu-Quan,Li, Gui-Shan,Chen, Qing-Yong,Wang, Jia-Xiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2

Aim: Connexin 43 (Cx43) and E-cadherin are important biomarkers related with cancer. Their expression at protein and mRNA levels was here investigated in 50 primary lung carcinoma tissues and 20 samples of adjacent normal tissue of Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Protein and mRNA expression were evaluated by ABC immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Results: (1) The positive expression rates of Cx43 and E-cadherin protein were higher in the adjacent normal tissues than those in the primary lung carcinoma tissues; (2) the positive expression rates of Cx43 and E-cadherin protein decreased with NSCLC progression; (3) the expression of E-cadherin protein was not related with the pathological type of NSCLC; and (4) the relative quantity of the Cx43 or E-cadherin mRNA expression was correlated with the the histological type, clinical stage, cancer cell differentiation and the lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: The data suggested that the Cx43 and E-cadherin are reduced with NSCLC progression, and might be important biomarkers for judging the metastasis and prognosis.