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Insulin receptors regulate the fecundity of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Liu Yong-Kang,Luo Yu-Jia,Deng Ying-Mei,Li Yan,Pang Xiao-Qing,Xu Cai-Di,Wang Shi-Gui,Tang Bin 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.4
Two InR (insulin receptor) genes have been identified in the Nilaparvata lugens. In this study, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to investigate the role of InR genes in the fecundity of N. lugens. The expression of NLInR1 and NLInR2 genes was simultaneously silenced with mixture of dsInR1 and dsInR2 (dsInRs) injection. Our results showed that larvae RNAi against both NLInR1 and NLInR2 reduced the number of eggs laid by N. lugens and some eggs as well as ovaries were abnormal. In addition, the relative expression of Vg (vitellogenin) and VgR (vitellogenin receptor) was significantly reduced on the 4th and 6th days after insects treated with larvae RNAi reached the adult stage. We also determined the relative expression levels of insulin/insulin-like signaling (IIS) related genes in RNAi-treated larvae and found that the expression levels of Chico (homologous receptor substrate), Akt (protein kinase B), PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) genes decreased whereas FOXO (forkhead box O) and GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3) levels increased on the 4th and 6th days after insects reached the adult stage. These results indicate that silencing of NLInR1 and NLInR2 reduces the fecundity of N. lugens through the IIS pathway.
Kang, Seok-Won,Cho, Gyu-Bong,Yang, Seung-Yong,Liu, Yinong,Yang, Hong,Miyazaki, Shuichi,Nam, Tae-Hyun Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2010 Physica scripta Vol.2010 No.t139
<P>A temperature gradient of 75–188 K was developed in a Ti–45Ni–5Cu(at %) alloy wire with 30 mm length by Joule heating, depending on electrical power. The shape change rate increased from 0.022 to 0.045% K<SUP>−1</SUP> on increasing the electrical power from 4.8 to 6.2 W. The change in the stress required for the B2–B19′ transformation increased from 60 to 103 MPa on increasing the electrical power from 4.8 to 10.1 W.</P>
Kang Zhi‐Wei,Liu Fang‐Hua,Xu Yong‐Yu,Cheng Jia‐Hui,Lin Xiao‐Li,Jing Xiang‐Feng,Tian Hong‐Gang,Liu Tong‐Xian 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.1
Odorant‐degrading enzymes (ODEs) have been found in insect antennae and play a critical role in signal chemical degradation once the message is conveyed. Significant progress has been made in characterizing ODEs in a variety of pests but very little is known in their natural enemies. We have carried out an antennae‐ and sex‐specific transcriptome of Aphidius gifuensis, a natural enemy of aphid, to identify the candidate ODEs. Based on the antennae‐ and sex‐specific transcriptome, a total of 100 putative ODEs were identified including one aldehyde oxidase (AOX), four alcohol dehydrogenases (ADs), eight UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), 45 cytochrome P450 (P450s), nine glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) and 40 carboxylesterases (CCEs or CXEs). Additionally, we used RT‐qPCR to determine the expression profiles of these genes in tissues of both sexes. Based on the phylogenic analysis and tissue‐expression patterns, AgifEstE4, AgifCXE3, AgifCCE4, AgifCCE7, and AgifCCE18 were suggested as key ODEs in A. gifuensis. In addition, the female or male specifically enriched genes, such as AgifCCE17, AgifEstB1, AgifCYP18a1, AgifUGT2C2, were also considered to involve in the chemosensory processing in A. gifuensis. This study not only identified the candidate ODEs in A. gifuensis but also provided source for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of chemical signal transductions in A. gifuensis, as well as other hymenopteran species.
COINCIDENCE POINTS IN $T_1$ TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
Liu, Zeqing,Kang, Shin-Min,Kim, Yong-Soo The Youngnam Mathematical Society Korea 2002 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.18 No.1
In this paper, we prove a few coincidence point theorems for two pairs of mappings in $T_1$ topological spaces. Our results extend, improve and unify the corresponding results in [1]-[3].
Medical Tourism Industry in Kangwon Province and Its Economic Impacts on the Region
Liu Qianxun,Yong-Sik Jung,Joo Hoon Kang 한국산업정보학회 2014 한국산업정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.1
This paper has two purposes. The first is to suggest the new and simple method to derive a regional input-output model from the national input-output table published by the Bank of Korea. The interregional input-output table has not been devised in spite of its potential use while the national table has been made every five years with the revised version during each five years. Second, this paper aims to derive Kwangwon interregional input-output model from the national model using the regional supply proportion of industry and to analyze the effect of medical tourism industry on the regional economy of Kangwon Province. The paper measures, in particular, the effect of medical tourism industry on the financial self-sufficiency of Kangwon Province using the estimated output elasticity of tax revenue with the autoregressive distributed lag scheme ADL(1,1) in which the dependent variable and the single explanatory variable are each lagged once, and suggests ways to promote its financial stability.
Electronic Structures and Charge Transport of Stacked Annelated β-Trithiophenes
Liu, Hongguang,Kang, Sunwoo,Lee, Jin Yong American Chemical Society 2011 The Journal of physical chemistry B Vol.115 No.18
<P>Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed using a MPWB1K functional to interpret the charge transport (CT) properties of stacked annelated β-trithiophene molecules. The goal was to help understand how the chemical composition, face-to-face stacking, intra- and intermolecular correlations, and the applied electric field affect the CT properties of this organic semiconductor compared with those of the edge-to-face “herringbone” motif. The variations in the frontier molecular orbitals, energy gap, nonadiabatic electron attachment energies (EAE), and vertical detachment energies (VDE) were investigated under an external electric field as a function of the number of stacked layers (<I>n</I>). Two possible CT pathways, monomer-to-monomer (MM) and dimer-to-dimer (DD) transports, were postulated to determine the charge carrier conductivities of these molecules. The results highlight that the intermolecular electronic couplings and electrostatic interactions can significantly affect the stacking geometry, even in more extended structures; displaced stacks with smaller interlayer spacing resulted in more compact stacking and, thus, higher CT efficiency; face-to-face stacking geometries can help to reduce the energy gap and VDE. Despite the fact that common thiophene-based oligomers adopting edge-to-face herringbone motifs exhibited p-type (hole-transporting) characters, the face-to-face stacked models based on annelated β-trithiophenes exhibited remarkably increased n-type (electron-transporting) performances. The electric field in the <I>z</I>-direction produced a small influence on the DD charge transport, whereas both electron and hole mobilities decreased dramatically in the MM case. More importantly, in MM charge transport, the electric field increases the hole mobility so that it is higher than that of the electron.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpcbfk/2011/jpcbfk.2011.115.issue-18/jp1045595/production/images/medium/jp-2010-045595_0008.gif'></P>
Control of Coherent Phonon Decay in GaAs by Using a Secondary Pump Pulse
Kang-Jeon Han,이기주,Dong-Wook Jang,Jacek Furdyna,Ji-Hee Kim,Xinyu Liu,Yong-Sik Lim 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.3
We report on the control of coherent longitudinal-optical phonon decay in GaAs by using an additional carrier pump in femtosecond pump-probe measurements. A suppression of the coherent phonon amplitude via the carrier-phonon interaction, which is launched by using photo-excitation of the carrier pump, is demonstrated. Phonon decay controls were achieved by adjusting the intensity and the relative timing of the carrier pump pulse.
Hidden Role of a Hydroxyl Group in Mediating the Oxygen Line Defect on a Graphene Surface
Liu, Hongguang,Kang, Baotao,Lee, Jin Yong American Chemical Society 2013 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.117 No.34
<P>Atomic fault lines stemming from the linear assembly of epoxy groups are recently proposed to be responsible for the decrease of bulk size of graphitic materials. Yet, the formation of such a line by either the hopping of existing epoxides or the binding with environmental atomic oxygens seems to be infeasible. By employing both finite and periodic graphene models, we uncovered the role of hydroxyl, which is essentially ignored in previous reports, in mediating the epoxy line. It is noteworthy that the intercalation of OH impedes the unzipping of underlying carbons and induces a smoother surface buckling along the epoxy line. The fault line formation would be ascribed to the creation of vacancies when the system temperature elevates.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2013/jpccck.2013.117.issue-34/jp4052159/production/images/medium/jp-2013-052159_0010.gif'></P>