Development of Toxoplasma gondii Chinese I genotype Wh6 Strain in Cat Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Gui-Hua Zhao,Lixin Zhang,Lisha Dai,Haozhi Xu,Chao Xu,Ting Xiao,Jin Li,Hui Sun,Beibei Zhou,Kun Yin 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.60 No.4

Felids are the unique definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii. The intestine of felid is the only site for initiating Toxoplasma gondii sexual reproduction. T. gondii excretes millions of infectious oocysts from the intestine, which are the primary source of infection. There are many difficulties in developing vaccines and drugs to control oocyst excretion due to the lack of an appropriate experimental model. Here, we established an in vitro feline intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) infection system and an efficient animal model of T. gondii Chinese 1 genotype, Wh6 strain (TgCtwh6). The Kunming mice brain tissues containing TgCtwh6 cysts were harvested 42-day post-infection. The bradyzoites were co-cultured with cat IECs in vitro at a ratio of 1:10. Five 3-month-old domestic cats were orally inoculated with 600 cysts each. The oocysts were detected by daily observation of cat feces by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. We found that the parasite adhered and invaded cat IECs in vitro, transformed into tachyzoites, and then divided to form rose-like structures. These parasites eventually destroyed host cells, escaped, and finished the asexual reproduction process. Schizonts associated with sexual reproduction have not been observed during development in vitro cultured cells. However, schizonts were detected in all infected cat intestinal epithelial cells, and oocysts were presented in all cat feces. Our study provides a feasible cell model and an efficient infection system for the following studies of T. gondii sexual reproduction, and also lays a foundation to develop drugs and vaccines for blocking excretion and transmission of oocysts.

Epidemiological Investigation of Asymptomatic Dogs with Leishmania Infection in Southwestern China Where Visceral Leishmaniasis is Intractable

Gui-Hua Zhao,Kun Yin,Wei-Xia Zhong,Ting Xiao,Qing-Kuan Wei,Yong Cui,Gong-Zhen Liu,Chao Xu,Hong-Fa Wang 대한기생충학열대의학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.54 No.6

Heishui county, located in northwest Sichuan province, southwestern China, is an endemic area of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and is the most intractable area. VL is never destroyed in it. Asymptomatic dogs (Leishmania parasites have been diagnosed but clinically healthy) are considered to be a potential reservoir host in zoonotic VL area, and most can lead to infection of individuals, that is a new challenge for controlling VL in humans. The present study aimed to assess the Leishmania infection rate of asymptomatic dogs in Heishui county. Total 105 asymptomatic domestic dogs were gathered from 4 districts in Heishui county to investigate the infection rate with serological and molecular methods based on ELISA and kinetoplast minicircle DNA(kDNA) PCR, respectively. Out of 105 dogs, 44 (41.9%) were positive by more than 1 method; 21 (20.0%) were positive by ELISA, and 30 (28.6%) were positive by kDNA-PCR. Our study showed that Leishmania infection of domestic dogs which is clinically healthy is prevalent in the studied district, and the asymptomatic dogs infected by Leishmania may be the primary reason for the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in the area.

세계화 시대의 소수민족교육의 변화 -중국 조선족학교의 이중 언어교육을 중심으로-

조귀화 ( Gui Hua Zhao ) 한국교육인류학회 2009 교육인류학연구 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 세계화가 진행되고 있는 중국에서 조선족학교를 중심으로 이루어지고 있는 이중 언어교육의 실태와 의미를 고찰하는 것이다. 연구 방법은 중국 연길시의 A학교와 하얼빈시의 B학교의 학생 및 교사를 대상으로 심층면접과 사례연구를 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조선족 학생들의 대부분은 중국의 공식 언어인 한어(漢語)와 소수민족 언어인 조선어를 구사할 수 있는 이중 언어 소유자인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 하지만 이들의 이중 언어 사용에 있어서 그 수준은 항상 동일하지 않았으며, 한 언어가 다른 언어에 비해 보다 능숙한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 조선족 학생들의 정체성과 관련하여 조선족으로서의 민족 정체성에 대해 자긍심을 갖는 학생도 있었지만, 전혀 자긍심을 갖지 않은 학생도 있었다. 이와 같은 조선족 학생들의 민족 정체성이 언어실력과 어떠한 연관성이 있는가에 대해서는 추후 연구를 통해 살펴보아야 한다. 셋째, 최근 조선족학교에 일부 한족 학생과 한국인 유학생들이 입학하는 현상이 나타나고 있는데, 이것은 중국 소수민족학교에서 이루어지는 교육이 이미 ‘소수민족에게만 국한된 교육이 아니라 세계화에 대응할 수 있는 새로운 교육으로서의 역할을 수행하고 있음을 의미한다. This paper investigates the transformation of ethnic-minority education in an era of globalization by exploring the case of Korean-Chinese education in China. The main feature of the ethnic-minority education in China is bilingual education in ethnic-minority schools. The original policy was to teach Chinese to Korean-Chinese students as the national standard language; at the same time teaching Korean as their ethnic language, thus allowing students with both national and ethnic identities. My research focuses on two schools in Yanji and Harbin, at which I conducted interviews with teachers and students. The result of the interviews shows that students of the Korean-Chinese schools may be fluent in both Chinese and Korean languages, but not all the students can command both languages equally. In addition, there were some cases wherein students indicated a lack of pride in being a Korean-Chinese. This brings us to the question which has not yet been fully investigated. In what ways is language capacity related to identity? Through my fieldwork, I found that there was an increasing number of Chinese and South Korean students entering into Korean-Chinese schools. This recent phenomena suggests that minority schools are not merely for ethnic minorities anymore but are becoming an institution that provides education that meets globalization based on ethnic languages as capital.

Guided waves of porous FG nanoplates with four edges clamped

Zhao, Jing-Lei,She, Gui-Lin,Wu, Fei,Yuan, Shu-Jin,Bai, Ru-Qing,Pu, Hua-Yan,Wang, Shilong,Luo, Jun Techno-Press 2022 Advances in nano research Vol.13 No.5

Based on the nonlocal strain gradient (NSG) theory and considering the influence of moment of inertia, the governing equations of motion of porous functionally graded (FG) nanoplates with four edges clamped are established; The Galerkin method is applied to eliminate the spatial variables of the partial differential equation, and the partial differential governing equation is transformed into an ordinary differential equation with time variables. By satisfying the boundary conditions and solving the characteristic equation, the dispersion relations of the porous FG strain gradient nanoplates with four edges fixed are obtained. It is found that when the wave number is very small, the influences of nonlocal parameters and strain gradient parameters on the dispersion relation is very small. However, when the wave number is large, it has a great influence on the group velocity and phase velocity. The nonlocal parameter represents the effect of stiffness softening, and the strain gradient parameter represents the effect of stiffness strengthening. In addition, we also study the influence of power law index parameter and porosity on guided wave propagation.

Decentralized Robust H∞ Output Feedback Control for Value Bounded Uncertain Large-scale Interconnected Systems

Zhao-Hui Jiang,Yong-Fang Xie,Wei-Hua Gui,Can Huang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2010 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.8 No.1

In this paper, decentralized robust H∞ output feedback control problem for large-scale interconnected system with value bounded uncertainties in the state, control input and interconnection matrices is investigated. A new bounded real lemma for the large-scale interconnected systems is derived by Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality method. Based on the new bounded real lemma, a sufficient condition expressed as matrix inequalities for the existence of a decentralized robust H∞ output feedback controller is obtained. The controller which enables the closed-loop large-scale system robust stable and satisfies the given H∞ performance is designed through a homotopy iterative method. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Molecular characterization of chemosensory protein genes in Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Wang Zhao‐Xiang,Qi Zhen‐hua,Chen Jian,Wang Fu‐Lian,Gui Lian‐You,Zhang Guo‐Hui 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.7

Chemoreception is of great importance for survival of insects. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are believed to be involved in the perireceptor events of chemosensory system in many insect species, but this has not been clarified in the citrus fruit fly, Bactrocera minax, a serious dipteran pest of citrus crops. Previous studies indicated that four CSP genes were identified in many fly speices in Diptera. In the present study, we also identified four CSP genes in B. minax,namely BminCSP1–4, from a transcriptome database. All CSP proteins encoded by these genes bear the typical hallmarks of the CSP family: an N-terminal signal peptide and the four highly conserved cysteine residues. Phylogenetic analysis comparing with other dipteran CSPs indicated that dipteran CSPs may evolved from three ancestral CSP genes, and revealed the sequence diversities of BminCSPs and showed that BminCSP1–4 are clustered in separate groups, indicating the possibility of their contrasting function in B. minax. Furthermore, the tissue distribution of the four CSP genes in adult B. minax was analyzed by real-time quantitiative PCR. The results demonstrated that BminCSP3 are significantly transcriptionally enriched in antennae; BminCSP4 expressed primarily in heads; BminCSP1 and BminCSP2 showed high expressions in different tissues, such as antennae, abdomens and wings. Based on these findings, the different implications for the functions of BminCSPs are discussed. This study will offer a significant indication for further functional studies of the CSPs in B. minax

Vibration characteristics of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite double-beams in thermal environments

Jing-Lei Zhao,Xu Chen,Gui-Lin She,Yan Jing,Ru-Qing Bai,Jin Yi,Hua-Yan Pu,Jun Luo 국제구조공학회 2022 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.43 No.6

This paper presents an investigation on the free vibration characteristics of functionally graded nanocomposite double-beams reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The double-beams coupled by an interlayer spring, resting on the elastic foundation with a linear layer and shear layer, and is simply supported in thermal environments. The SWCNTs gradient distributed in the thickness direction of the beam forms different reinforcement patterns. The materials properties of the functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composites (FG-CNTRC) are estimated by rule of mixture. The first order shear deformation theory and Euler-Lagrange variational principle are employed to derive the motion equations incorporating the thermal effects. The vibration characteristics under several patterns of reinforcement are presented and discussed. We conducted a series of studies aimed at revealing the effects of the spring stiffness, environment temperature, thickness ratios and carbon nanotube volume fraction on the nature frequency.

A Piperidine Alkaloid and Limonoids from Arisaema decipiens, a Traditional Antitumor Herb Used by the Dong People

Fu-Wei Zhao,Min Luo,Yue-Hu Wang,Ma-Lin Li,Gui-Hua Tang,Chun-Lin Long 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.11

A new piperidine alkaloid and three known tetranortriterpenoids were isolated from the methanol extracts of the rhizomes of Arisaema decipiens Schott (Araceae) and their chemical structures were identified as (-)-(2R*,3S*,6S*)-N,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-6-(9-phenylnonyl) piperidine (1), 6-deacetylnimbin (2), 28-deoxonimbolide (3) and nimbin (4). The N-methylated derivative (1a) of 1 was synthesized. Compound 1 exhibited weak inhibitory activity against the MCF-7 cell line, while compound 1a showed potential inhibitory activity against the MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 value of 4.6 μM and weak inhibitory activity against K562 and SK-OV-3 cells. This plant in genus Arisaema is firstly reported as the source of limonoids that are considered a natural antitumor herbal medicine.

Effects of Three Types of Resistant Starch on Intestine and Their Gastric Ulcer Preventive Activities in vivo

Qian, Yu,Li, Gui Jie,Zhu, Kai,Suo, Hua Yi,Sun, Peng,Zhao, Xin The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6

To examine the effects of three types of resistant starch (RS) on intestinal metabolites, structure and their gastric injury preventive activities, Sprague-Dawley mice were fed diet containing 15% RS for 4 weeks. Response relationships among three types of RS (RS2, RS3, and RS4) food intake, body weight gain, food efficiency, wet weight of cecum (with or not with contents), pH, ammonia production, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration of cecal contents as well as intestinal structure were investigated. All three types of RS had effects on food intake, weight control, lowering of pH, ammonia production in cecal contents, increasing the wet weight of cecum (with or without contents), changes in SCFAs concentration of cecal contents, and physiological structure of small intestine and cecum compared to the control group (common starch-fed rats). RS3 group showed minimum weight gain and food efficiency, compared to both the control group and the other two types of RS diet. RS3 group showed more significant lowering of pH, ammonia production, and SCFAs of cecal contents. In addition, all three types of RS shortened villous height, and muscle and mucosal thickening in small intestine, resulting in significantly decreased villous height and mucosal thickness, whereas significantly increased muscle thickness in the cecum. However, they did not cause detectable pathological changes in the small intestine and cecum. Animal model was also used to check its gastric ulcer preventive effects. The gastric ulcer level was significantly down-regulated by RS3, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory properties. RS3 reduced the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines of IL-6, IL-12, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IFN-${\gamma}$ compared to RS2 and RS4. RS3 increased the somatostatin (SS) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), decreased the motillin (MOT) and substance P (SP) serum levels. These results suggest that RS3 shows the best gastric ulcer preventive effect.

Nonlinear free vibration analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced fluid-conveying pipe in thermal environment

Xu Chen,Jing-Lei Zhao,Gui-Lin She,Yan Jing,Hua-Yan Pu,Jun Luo 국제구조공학회 2022 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.45 No.5

Fluid-conveying tubes are widely used to transport oil and natural gas in industries. As an advanced composite material, functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composites (FG-CNTRC) have great potential to empower the industry. However, nonlinear free vibration of the FG-CNTRC fluid-conveying pipe has not been attempted in thermal environment. In this paper, the nonlinear free vibration characteristic of functionally graded nanocomposite fluid-conveying pipe reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in thermal environment is investigated. The SWCNTs gradient distributed in the thickness direction of the pipe forms different reinforcement patterns. The material properties of the FGCNTRC are estimated by rule of mixture. A higher-order shear deformation theory and Hamilton’s variational principle are employed to derive the motion equations incorporating the thermal and fluid effects. A two-step perturbation method is implemented to obtain the closed-form asymptotic solutions for these nonlinear partial differential equations. The nonlinear frequencies under several reinforcement patterns are presented and discussed. We conduct a series of studies aimed at revealing the effects of the flow velocity, the environment temperature, the inner-outer diameter ratio, and the carbon nanotube volume fraction on the nature frequency.