Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Typhimurium 및 Salmonella Enteritidis의 항균제 감수성 (1997)

신영학,유정식,김기상,정동준,오경수,이점규,이상원,이근영,박미선,이복권,김호훈 국립보건연구원 1998 국립보건원보 Vol.35 No.-

돼지 卵子의 透明帶에 대한 單一클론抗體生産과 그 特性에 關한 硏究

金鐘培,劉永春,金昌圭,權五中,鄭盛元,鄭吉生 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1991 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.16 No.-

本 試驗은 單一클론抗體의 강한 特異性과 抗體性質의 不變性을 이용하여 發生學的 側面에서 哺乳動物 卵子의 透明帶의 機能과 構造를 이해하고, 또한 種特異的인 精子 受容體의 存在 및 生化學的 構造를 규명하기 위한 기초연구로서, 돼지 卵子의 透明帶를 免疫原으로 하여 BABL/c 생쥐로부터 單一클론抗體를 생산하고 그 특성을 구명하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 3마리의 BABL/c 생쥐(YⅠ, YⅡ, ZI)에 돼지卵子의 透明帶를 免疫化하고, 複合抗體 生成을 확인한 후 생쥐의 脾臟細胞와 Myeloma(SP2/O-Ag14)를 polyethylene glycol를 融合을 실시한 결과 각각 25.8%, 54.5% 그리고 59.7%의 融合效率을 나타내었으며, ELISQ에 의해 陽性反應을 조사한 결과 각각 17.3%, 32.6% 그리고 6.2% 陽性反應 效率을 나타내었다. 2) YI에서 강한 陽性反應을 보인 6개의 well에 대한 cloning을 실시하고 抗體檢證을 행한 결과 20.8% ∼ 48.4%의 Cloning效率과 54.6% ∼ 82%의 陽性反應 效率을 나타내었다. 3) 강한 陽性反應을 나타낸 항체에 대해 sandwich ELISA法에 의해 isotype을 決定하였던바 2E93C(YⅠ), 3E83E7(YⅠ), 4E3(YⅡ)각각 IgG₂b, IgG₂a, IgM으로 확인되었다. 4) Isotype이 決定된 2E93C9(YⅠ), 3E84E7(YⅠ), 4E3(YⅡ)의 세포를 생쥐의 腹腔에 주사하여 얻은 腹水를 indirect ELISA法에 의해 titer를 決定한 결과 모두 1:400,000 이상의 높은 titer를 나타내었다. 5) 處理區로서 單一클론抗體의 腹水와 對照區로서 normal mouse serum이 각각 2%씩 함유된 배양액속에서 난자를 배양한 후 顯徵鏡下에서 관찰했을 때 對照區에서 배양된 난자의 표면은 정상적인 형태를 나타냈으나 處理區에서 배양된 卵子는 표면에 뚜렷한 沈澱層을 형성하였다. 6) 處理區와 對照區 卵子를 Rabbit anti-mouse IgG-FITC가 1% 함유된 배양액속에서 배양하고 洗滌한 후 螢光顯徵鏡下에서 관찰한 바 處理區의 卵子는 透明帶 주위에서 螢光이 나타났으나, 對照區에서는 나타나지 않았다. This study was carried out ot produce and characterize monoclonal antibodies against porcine zona pellucida, and undertaken as a basic study to develop immunocontraceptive vaccine and to investigate the function of zana pellucida in early fertilization process. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Spleen cells of three BALB/C mice(YⅠ, YⅡ and ZI) which were immunized with porcine zona pelucida were fused with myeloma cells(SP2/O-Ag14) by polyethylene glycol. At the result of fusion, fusion efficiency was 25.8 , 54.5% and 59.7% and positive efficiency 17.3%, 32.6% and 6.2%, respectively. 2. Cloning efficiency was shown to be from 20.8% to 48.4% and positive efficiency of them were 54.6% to 82%. 3. Sub-isotypes of three strong positive antibodies, 2E93C(YⅠ), 3E83E7(YⅠ) and 4E3(YⅡ) were determined by sandwich ELISA method and shown to be as IgG2b, IgH2a and IgM, respectively. 4. The titers of three ascitic fluids containing antibodies, 2E93C9(YⅠ), 3E84E7(YⅠ) and 4E3(YⅡ) were determined by indirect ELISA and all of them showed above 1:400,000. 5. The layer of precipitate was observed on the zona incubated with medium containing 2% ascitic fluid of monoclonal antibody while the eggs treated with 2% normal mouse serum did not. 6. Porcine eggs incubated with medium containing 2% ascitic fluid of monoclonal antibody and followed by subsequent incubation with Rabbit anti-mouse IgG-FITC conjugate showed strong fluorescent light on the zona surface while the zona of normal mouse serum-treated eggs did not show fluorescence.

1987년 한국에서 발생한 렙토스피라병의 혈청역학적 조사

이증훈,박영수,이우곤,김석용,정선식,우준희,박성광,박경희,송영욱,김선영,기정일,최두혁,강성귀,김주완,최강원,김우열,최명식,최인학,장우현,윤성열 대한감염학회 1988 감염 Vol.20 No.3

Human leptospirosis was an unfamiliar disease in Korea until 1984 that outbreak of leptospirosis occurred among farmers and soldiers after field works for harvesting rice. During that time, Lee and Jo confirmed the first Korean cases of leptospirosis by serological test, isolation of causative agent and autopy findings. Afterward several outbreaks occurred also during autumn especially after flood in every years and some characterisitcs of leptospirosis in Korea such as clinical manifestations, serotypes and seroepidemiological features has been revealed by many investigators. Because of the major mode of transmission between rodents and human is by direct contact with leptospiral urine of rodents or contaminated soil by the urine, leptospirosis in Korea has been primarily a disease of person in occupations heavily exposed to contaminated soil or infected urine such as farmer, army and etc. Therefore it seems that leptospirosis is one of the main communicable diseases to be controlled urgently in Korea, for an agricultural people account for almost half of total Korean people. For clarifying the seroepidemiological patterns of human leptospirosis in Korea by sex, month region and main reacting serovars of L. interrogans among acute febrile disease occurred in 1987, 1,773 patient's sers with acute febrile episodes were tested by microagglutination test using 19 representative strains of leptospiral serogroup as antigen. All of those sera were collected from 10 collaborative clinics located in Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Chonbuk, Chonnam province and Seoul. The results wee summerized as follows. 1) Among 1,773 sera of patients with acute febrile episodes, 219 (12.4%) were seropositive to L. interrogans, 487(27.5%) to R. tsutsugamushi, 241(13.6%) to R.typhi and 160(90.0%) to Hantaan virus. 2) Among seropositives to L.interrogans, the male outnumbered the female, 65% and 35%. 3) For age distribution, 26.9% of seropositives to L.interrogans were fifties, 19.6% were forties, 9.1% were sixties, 5.9% were thirties and 4.1% were twenties. 4) Eighty three percent of seropositives had occurred between September and October in 1987 with a peak in September. 5) Main leptospiral serovars reactive to patient's sera were Icterohaemorrhagiae(54.3%), Canicola(31.0%), CH-48(13.2%), Tarassovi(0.9%)and Cynopteri(0.5%). 6) For regional distribution, 65.8% of seropositives to L.interrogans were residents from Chonbuk, 12.3% were Chonnam, 7.3% were Chungnam, 5.5% were Kyunggi and 1.4% were Kangwon.

200 GeV/핵자 유황이온과 핵건판핵의 충돌에 의해 생성된 헬륨 파쇄핵의 극한파쇄 연구

김동철,송진섭,윤천실,정성헌,박인곤,김종오,김철수,김태연,이승희,조재희,천병구,김재률,김준원,김태익,박명렬,장한일,임인택 慶尙大學校 기초과학연구소 1992 基礎科學硏究所報 Vol.8 No.-

고에너지 중이온 원자핵과 핵건판의 충돌에서, 200GeV/핵자 유황이온에 의해 생성된 파쇄 헬륨핵(Z=2)의 실험실계의 방출각 분포는 표적핵에 무관한 회귀공식. dN=exp[a+k exp(η-y_b)]d[exp(η-y_b)]로 잘 표현된다. 여기에서 의사신속도 η=-ln[tan(θ/2)]이고, y_b는 실험실계의 입사입자(^32S)의 신속도이다. 이 공식에 의한 적합에서 k=-0.057±0.008로 얻어진다. 즉, 핵건판과 고에너지 중이온의 충돌에서 파쇄 헬륨핵의 exp(η-y_b)의 분포는 "극한파쇄" 현상을 잘 설명하고 있다. The angular distribution of emission angle θ of helium (Z=2) produced in the collisions of incident particles of 200 GeV/nucleon ^32S in nuclear emulsion is well expressed by dN=exp[a+k exp(η-y_b)]d[exp(η-y_b)] where the pseudorapidity is η=-ln[tan(θ/2)], the laboratory system primary rapidity is y_b, and k=-0.057+0.008. The shape of this frequency of occurrence distributions in terms of exp(η-y_b) attests to the validity of the concept of "limiting fragmentation" for helium projectile fragments produced in the projectile fragmentation regions of heavy ion collisions in nuclear emulsion.

세관 양광주 방전에서 플라즈마 확산의 완전 해

김동준,정종문,김정현,황하청,정재윤,조윤희,임현교,구제환,최은하,조광섭,Jin, D.J.,Jeong, J.M.,Kim, J.H.,Hwang, H.C.,Chung, J.Y.,Cho, Y.H.,Lim, H.K.,Koo, J.H.,Choi, E.H.,Cho, G.S. 한국진공학회 2010 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.19 No.1

관경이 수 mm인 세관 램프 내부에서 플라즈마의 확산을 조사하기 위하여 이극성(ambipolar) 확산방정식을 해하였다. 반경 방향의 확산에 의한 유리관 벽에서의 플라즈마 소멸 특성시간은 $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$로 주어진다. 반경 $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$이고 이극성 확산계수 $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$ 이면, $\tau_r{\sim}17\;{\mu}s$이다. 이는 램프의 교류전원 구동에서 플라즈마를 유지하기 위한 구동 최소 주파수 ~30 kHz에 해당한다. 고전압이 인가되는 전극부에 발생한 고밀도의 플라즈마가 양광주로 확산되는 특성시간은 $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$이다. 고밀도 플라즈마 경계에서의 시간에 대한 확산속도는 $t{\sim}10^{-6}\;s$일 때 $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$이고, $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$이면 그 속도는 $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$로 느려진다. 따라서 램프 길이 ~1 m에 대하여 전극부에서 생성된 고밀도 플라즈마가 양광주 전체로 확산되는 시간은 수 초가 걸린다. The ambipolar diffusion equation has been solved in a fine-tube lamp of a few mm in diameter. In the diffusion of radial direction, the plasma diffuses and vanishes away at the glass wall by recombination with the characteristic time of plasma loss is given by $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$. With the radius $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$ and the ambipolar diffusion coefficient $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$, the vanishing time is calculated $\tau_r{\sim}10\;{\mu}s$ which corresponds to the least value of frequency 30 kHz for the sustaining the plasma in the operation of high voltage AC-power. In the diffusion of longitudinal z-direction, a high density plasma generated at the area of a high voltage electrode, diffuses into the positive column with the characteristic time $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$. The plasma diffusion velocity at the boundary of high density plasma is $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$ at the time $t{\sim}10^{-6}$ s and the diffusion velocity becomes slow as $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$ at $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$. Therefore, for the long lamp of 1 m, it takes about several seconds for the high density plasma at the area of electrode to diffuse through the whole positive column space.

서울대학교 保健大學院 博士課程 敎育프로그램의 評價的 硏究

정인숙,박태진,김성옥,배은영,박은옥,김정순,문 용 서울大學校保健大學院 1997 國民保健硏究所硏究論叢 Vol.7 No.2

The doctoral program of school of Public Health in Seoul National University was established in 1976 and about 100 students have graduated or completed the course. Even though there have been several studies on evaluating the educational programs of the school, both master's and doctorate's since early 1980s, this study was carried out to identify needs of students, their performance and perceived achievements, unmet needs and barriers in achieving their educational goals only on doctoral graduates. The study was done by the students of doctoral program taking 'evaluative research in public health services' course as a practice under the direction of the teaching staff. Out of 91 eligibles 51 persons responded to the mail and/or telephone interview, and the results obtained are as followings: 1) The goal of the doctoral program of the Public Health, SNU that was to produce competent public health specialists furnished with full abilities of performong research, education and administration(service)has not been changed since 1976 as was set on the program establishment. 2) The objective of enrollment to the program stated by the subjecs varied considerably; majority of them(47%) for expanding scope of public health sceience, for advanced degree(39%), for contribution to the progress of public health sceience(20%), for better job(20%) and for pure academic interest(2%). 3) The needs of students by area of concern, for instance research, theaching and administration, each classified into several performance is viewed as the proportion accomplished out of needs, which are quantified by 5-point Likert scale, most of the graduates indicated that they have accomplished their needs in 83-92% for research abilities, 75-92% for teaching sbilities and 72-96% for administration abilities, the average performance being the highes in research. 5) The barriers that hindered their performance were the school facilities, such as library(72.5%), deficient funds for research(39.2%), insufficient students' room(33.3%) and deficient laboratory supplies(25.5%). 6) The barrier related to student's characteristics were insufficient study time for part-time student(56.9%), deficient study motivation(45.1%), tendency to take easy curriculum(29.4%) and addmittence of less qualificated students(19.6%). 7) The barrier related to professor's characteristics were deficiency of self-development endeavour(62.7%), lack of professor majoring in some particular fields of public health(39.2%), infrequent collaborative researches/activities with students (17.6%), and absolutely deficient number of professors that are necessary for the program(17.6%). In general, however, the graduates appered to be satisfied in terms of what they have accomplished through the current educational program, which have been revised by the school from time to time to cope with the student's as well as community's demand.

Raised Source-Drain Transistors in a Cell and Support Area with Co-Silicide for 88-nm DRAM Technology and Beyond

Y.M. Choi,B.J. Park,D.H. Kim,D.I. Kim,D.S. Hwang,H. K. Hwang,H.J. Kim,H.S. Kim,I.B. Chung,J.M. Park,J.W. Lee,J.Y. Kim,Kinam Kim,M.H. Jo,정문영,N.J. Kang,S.E. Kim,Y.J. Park,Y.S. Hwang 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.44 No.1

Full integration of a 512-Mb dynamic random access memory (DRAM) using both a raised sourcedrain (S/D) in a cell and a support area with additional Co silicidation in the support area is successfully performed for the first time at an 88-nm technology node. The Co-silicided support transistors in the DRAM circuit can be made by using the silicidation-blocking-layer method which keeps the cell array from silicidation. Raised S/D transistors using Si selective epitaxial growth (SEG) demonstrate good short-channel eect (SCE) immunity and a Co-silicided S/D in the support transistors exhibits an excellent current driving capability and reduced S/D sheet resistance, even for very small dimensions.

Comment on 'Enhancement in hardness and transmittance of ZnS via SiO₂/Y₂O₃ multilayer'

Chung, Y.D.,Cho, D.H.,Kim, S.B.,Han, W.S. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol.664 No.-

In a recent paper [1], Huayu Zhang et al. reported data on the enhancement in hardness and transmittance of ZnS via SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> multilayer. In particular, the authors discussed the chemical state of sputtered Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> on SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/ZnS measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We suggested that the split spectrum of Y 3d doublet should be decomposed into the sum of the doublet and the exact notation of O 1s level should be applied. The O 1s of 528.8 eV could also be assigned to Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and the O 1s of 531.5 eV could be assigned to Si related compound.

Site-specific mutagenesis of yeast 2-Cys peroxiredoxin improves heat or oxidative stress tolerance by enhancing its chaperone or peroxidase function

Hong, S. H.,Lee, S. S.,Chung, J. M.,Jung, H. s.,Singh, S.,Mondal, S.,Jang, H. H.,Cho, J. Y.,Bae, H. J.,Chung, B. Y. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Protoplasma Vol.254 No.1

<P>Yeast peroxiredoxin II (yPrxII) is an antioxidant enzyme that plays a protective role against the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This enzyme consists of 196 amino acids containing 2-Cys Prx with highly conserved two active cysteine residues at positions 48 and 171. The yPrxII has dual enzymatic functions as a peroxidase and molecular chaperone. To understand the effect of additional cysteine residues on dual functions of yPrxII, S79C-yPrxII and S109C-yPrxII, the substitution of Ser with Cys residue at 79 and 109 positions, respectively, was generated. S109C-yPrxII and S79C-yPrxII showed 3.7- and 2.7-fold higher chaperone and peroxidase activity, respectively, than the wild type (WT). The improvement in enzyme activity was found to be closely associated with structural changes in proteins. S109C-yPrxII had increased beta-sheet in its secondary structure and formed high-molecular-weight (HMW) as well as low-molecular-weight (LMW) complexes, but S79C-yPrxII formed only LMW complexes. HMW complexes predominantly exhibited a chaperone function, and LMW complexes showed a peroxidase function. In addition, transgenic yeast cells over-expressing Cys-substituted yPrxII showed greater tolerance against heat and oxidative stress compared to WT-yPrxII.</P>

Membrane-bound proteinase 3 and PAR2 mediate phagocytosis of non-opsonized bacteria in human neutrophils

Kim, Y.C.,Shin, J.E.,Lee, S.H.,Chung, W.J.,Lee, Y.S.,Choi, B.K.,Choi, Y. Pergamon Press 2011 Molecular immunology Vol.48 No.15

The molecular mechanisms underlying the non-opsonic phagocytosis of bacteria by neutrophils are poorly understood. We previously reported the efficient uptake of Streptococcus sanguinis by human neutrophils in the absence of opsonins. To characterize the phagocytosis receptor, protein lysates from neutrophils and HL-60 cells were subjected to affinity chromatography using epoxy beads coated with S. sanguinis. Denaturing electrophoresis of the eluted proteins and subsequent mass spectrometry revealed that one of the proteins eluted from neutrophils was proteinase 3 (PR3). Enzymatic cleavage of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol linker of NB1, a co-receptor for membrane-bound PR3 (mPR3), significantly reduced the phagocytosis of S. sanguinis. In addition, the neutralization of mPR3 with antibody reduced both binding and phagocytosis of S. sanguinis. Treatment of neutrophils with a serine proteinase inhibitor indicated that protease activity is required for phagocytosis. Thus, we studied whether protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is involved in signal transmission from mPR3 during this process. Indeed, neutralizing antibodies against PAR2 inhibited phagocytosis and S. sanguinis-induced calcium mobilization desensitized PAR2. Furthermore, the phagocytosis of S. sanguinis and the concomitant activation of Rho family GTPases were inhibited by the intracellular calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM. Collectively, mPR3 acts as a non-opsonic phagocytosis receptor for bacteria probably by activating PAR2 in neutrophils.