폐경기여성에서 시청각 교육이 호르몬대체요법의 시행과 골다공증관련 생활습관의 변화에 미치는 효과

정태흠,전태희,김문찬,김영일,전대준,양승오,함수연,고병균,김성률 大韓家庭醫學會 2000 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.21 No.11

소아의 하악 과두 골절의 비외과적 치료 : 증례보고 CASES REPORTS

이정근,박익수,노양호,김동우,김우형,이희철 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.1

Of all facial fractures in children, condylar fractures have the greatest propensity to produce a growth disturbance. The pediatric condylar fracture occurs very frequently in the mandible, but this injury is occasionally ignored due to difficulty of diagnosis and no cooperation of patient. The adequate initial diagnosis and active treatment must be performed because delayed and improper treatment lead to possible severe complications such as facial asymmetry, TMJ pain, limiation of motion and deflection, midline deviation of the dental arch. So, the goal of managing condyle fractures in the growing patient is to restore mandibular symmetry, occlusion, function without interfering with future growth. Commonly, fracture teatment aims at restoring function through repositioning and rigid fixation of the bony fragments. However, the generally preferred management of condylar fractures in growing children is nonsurgical. So, we present the clinical and radiographic follow-up results of 4 condylar fractures in pediatric patients whom we managed in conservative and functional method. We can summarize our protocol in management of pediatric condylar fracture as the following: The IMF using acrylic resin splint with circumferential wiring was performed for 1 or 2 weeks. After releasing IMF, the active physical therapy was done with guiding elastic band. Opening deviation was controlled by mannual pressure of surgeon or parents for 2 weeks. When unstable occlusion or functional problem remained, functional appliance after construction bite registration was used for several months.

도시근교 자연휴양림의 이용객 특성과 이용행태 : 비슬산 자연휴양림을 사례로

박양춘,박순호,최정수 慶北大學校 社會科學大學 1997 社會科學 Vol.9 No.1

원래 자연휴양림은 대국민 휴양서비스의 제공과 산촌지역주민의 소득증대를 목표로 개발되었으나, 실제 개발방법이나 분위기가 일반 유원지 및 관광지과 뚜렷한 차별성을 찾아보기 어렵다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 휴양림 이용객의 이용행태 및 만족도에 관한 연구가 전제된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비슬산 자연휴양림을 연구대상으로 이용객속성, 이용행태 그리고 만족도를 분석하여 개발방향을 제시하고자 한다. 비슬산 자연휴양림은 2계절형(여름ㆍ가을), 주말형, 당일이용형, 통과형 자연휴양림의 특성을 지니고 있다. 이러한 특성을 결정하는 가장 중요한 요소는 ‘접근성’이며, 이는 휴양림 이용객속성과 이용행태에 결정적인 영향을 미친다. 휴양림의 유인력을 높이기 위해서는 다양한 측면에서의 접근성 제고가 최우선과제이다. 그리고 기대도에 비해 만족도가 낮은 활동 및 시설의 보완 그리고 산촌지역주민들의 소득증대라는 측면에서의 임산물 생산기능과 관광기능을 연계하는 대책도 강구되어야 할 것이다. 결론적 편의시설 위주의 현 개발방식의 재검토가 요구된다. Recreation and leisure activities are recently increased and spread over all the social classes. Many people interest in natural recreation forest for recreation and leisure, and then the number of visitors is rapidly increased. There are few studies on the visitors' characteristics and behaviors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of visitors and their behaviors of Mt. Bisul natural recreation forest [BNRF], which is located in the close to a large city, Taegu. The data were collected by interviewing 59 visitors with a constructed questionnaire in BNRF. Like general natural recreation forest, BNRF is two season(summer, fall) and weekend type. In the socio-economic characteristics of visitors in BNRF, the noticeable characteristics of visitors were that the sex ratio was 1.17 and the high proportion of visitors of BNRF worked in professionㆍfreelancer and housewife. Most lodgers of BNRF were from Taegu and attracted by lodge itself. In terms of the visitors' behaviors in BNRF, the visit motivation in BNRF was accessibility and convenience of facilities. The informations were obtained by face-to-face. Most visitors were with their families and 3 to 9 persons. Most visitors traveled less than one hour to arrive in BNRF. The tour course of BNRF was mainly a piston type and a key type. The resource-used activities such as resting, walk, and talks with companions were preferred, and walk road and log cabin were most convenient. In the satisfaction for activities, most visitors of BNRF were satisfied with forest-recreational activities such as walkㆍforest-bathing, but not satisfied with sightseeing or exploring of adjacent resorts and forest products & local foods. This was resulted from no famous tourist resorts near BNRF. The level of satisfaction was more low than the level of expectation, generally. The gaps between two levels were considerable in watetplay and forest products. In BNRF the activities of waterplay and forest products should be developed to enhance the level of satisfaction. The studies on the visitors' characteristics and behaviors in the natural recreation forest are required to help develop natural recreation forest to compete with recreation resorts and make to improve the marketability. This study contributes to help make programs to attract more people to natural recreation forest and to improve the facilities that people want.

SEM-EDX를 이용한 대기 점오염에서 배출된 개별입자상 오염물질의 물리화학적 특성

박정호,양수명,강경희,정재우 진주산업대학교 2004 論文集 Vol.43 No.-

The purpose of the study was to classify individual particle emitted from the point source of air pollution emissions in Kyongsangnam-do by SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscopy / energy dispersive X-ray analyzer). The SEM/EDX provided various physical parameters including particle`s optical diameter and chemical information. The total of 344 individual particle sample were collected at 5 point source including coal-fired power plant, incinerator, and oil boiler. Thus number fraction of each particle can be estimated based on chemical composition. To obtain number fraction of each particle class, an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis was initially applied to create particle classes for each sample. The study provides opportunities to identify particles source quantitatively and to develope various receptor models.

시간대별 운동이 중학생 축구선수의 Blood Epinephrine과 Norepinephrine에 미치는 영향

최수연,양정옥 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2003 自然科學論文集 Vol.12 No.-

The effect of a morning and afternoon training schedule on blood catecholamine in middle school soccer players. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a morning and afternoon training schedule on blood catecholamine in middle school students. Trained eleven middle school soccer players, average 16.0±0.7 years old and average 4.2±0.9 years trained, were randomly selected for this study. They were performed a morning training before a afternoon training, which were carried out three days laters. After each training, we collected their blood samples(25ml, and analyzed for assessing the change of catecholamine. The results of this study are followings. 1. After a morning training, there was no different in epinephrine, but norepinephrine was significantly increased (p<0.1). There was significantly increased norepinephrine (p<0.1) after a afternoon training unlike epinephrine. 2. Epinephrine and norepinephrine were increased at post training at all groups (p<0.5). In conclusion this study showed stress hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine, were more influenced by training in the morning than afternoon.

정맥주입 전문간호사가 삽입한 말초삽입형 중심정맥관(PICC) 사용 결과에 대한 후향적 분석

박정윤,박광옥,백미경,김세라,권혜리,양수진 대한기초간호자연과학회 2004 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.6 No.1

Background : Intravenous(Ⅳ) access is becoming an increasingly important part of health care today. The current drive for clinical effectiveness and cost-effective health care serves to increase the need for reliable vascular access. Venous access devices were developed to overcome problems associated with limited peripheral access and frequent venipuncture in patients with long-term therapy. Although the peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC) have become popular during recent years in USA, its procedure is rare in Korea. Purpose : The goal of this study was to analyze the PICC inserted patient data by Ⅳ CNS intervention. Method : A Total of 62 PICCs were inserted into 51 patients by the Ⅳ CNS during a 10-month period form November, 14, 2002, to October 2, 2W2. Data was obtained retrospectively through chart review. Result : The patient population included 34(54.8%) men and 28(45.2%) women, with a mean age 50.6 years. The main indication for PICC placement was to access vein in poor peripheral venous status(40.3%). The mean served interval for PICC insertions was 16.7 days(range, 2~61 days). The reasons for removal were completed therapy in 18 cases(29.0%), patient death in 13 cases(21.0%), and mechanical or functional PICC problem in 10cases(16.1%). The three PICCs removed for presumed infection, and one had only positive tip cultures(0.2%). Conclusion : PICCs are rapidly growing popularity and required an extended course of Ⅳ therapy.

Olfactory neuroblastoma 증례보고

박익수,이정근,노양호,김동우,김우형,이희철 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.2

Olfactory neuroblastoma is an uncommon malignant tumor(just over 300 cases have been reported in the medical literature by 1996)arising within the nasal cavity. This tumor has a neuroectodermal cell origin and is believed to specifically arise from the olfactory epithelium. The tumor was ftrst decribed in the French medical literayure by Berger and associates in 1924 by the name esthesioneuropitheliome olfactif. The english version of this term is esthesioneuroblastoma, and current medical literture uses this name interchangeably with olfactory neuroblastoma. We experienced a case of olfactory neuroblastoma in the mxillary sinus. We treated this patient with tumor resection, chmotherapy and radiotherapy. And now, the patient has been following up for 2years 6month, but olfactory neuroblastoma is very rare. SO we report this case with a review of literature.

다제 내성 폐렴구균에 대한 항균제 병합시의 시험관내 항균효과

김수정,이남용,양지원,백경란,김성민,배직현,송재훈 대한감염학회 1997 감염 Vol.29 No.2

목적: 페니실린 및 다제 내성 폐렴구균은 선택할 수 있는 치료제가 제한되어 임상적으로 문제가 되고 있다. 특히 다제 내성 균주에 의한 수막염의 치료에 cephalosporin제 단독요법의 치료 실패가 계속 보고 되면서, 기존 항균제의 병용요법이나 새로 개발되는 항균제에 관심이 모아지고 있다. 특히 국내에서 분리되는 폐렴구균의 페니실린 및 다제 내성율은 이미 세계 최고 수준으로 이러한 치료법의 개발이 더욱 필요한 상황이다. 저자들은 다제 내성 폐렴구균 감염증의 새로운 치료법을 찾고자 국내에서 흔히 사용되는 항균제를 대상으로 time-kill 방법을 이용한 시험관내 synergy 여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 :대상균주는 국내에서 분리된 페니실린 감수성인 2균주와 모든 β-lactam 제제에 동시 내성을 보인 다제 내성 5균주이었다. 대상 병용요법은 penicillin+gentamicin, cefotaxime+gentamicin, vancomycin+gentamicin, vancomycin+cefotaxime, vancomycin+imipenem, ampicillin+cefotaxime 등이었다. 각 항균제의 시험 농도는 1/2 MIC로 하였으며, 균 집락수의 측정은 0,4,8,24시간에 시행하였다. 결과:Penicillin+gentamicin, cefotaxime+gentamicin, vancomycin+cefotaxime 등의 병합요법이 시험관내 synergy를 보였으며, vancomycin+gentamicin, vancomycin+imipenem, ampicillin+cefotaxime 등의 병용은 indifference의 결과를 보였다. 결론 본 연구를 통하여 penicillin+gentamicin, cefotaxime+gentamicin, vancomycin+cefotaxime 등의 병용요법이 다제 내성 균주에 대하여 시험관내 synergy를 보임으로써 새로운 치료요법의 대상이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 이는 향후 생체 내에서의 약물 상호작용에 대한 동물실험시 응용될 수 있는 기본 자료로 의미가 있을 것으로 생각된다. Background: Penicillin-and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae became a global problem during recent decades. Multidrug resistance poses a serious threat to clinical medicine due to restriction of selecting appropriate antimicrobial agents to treat with. Current data suggest that any single antimicrobial agent cannot be a satisfactory option to treat pniemococcal infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains, particularly in meningitis. The aim of the study was to assess in vitro efficacy of several antimicrobial combinations which are commonly used in clinical practice, and to obtain reasonable regimens which can be applied to in vivo model. Methods: We performed time-kill studies of antimicrobial combinations including penicillin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, gentamicin, imipenem and ampicillin against five multidrug-resistant strains and two penicillin-susceptible strains. Penicillin, cefotaxime and vancomycin were combined with gentamicin, respectively. Cefotaxime plus vancomycin, imipenem plus vancomycin, and cefotaxime plus ampicillin combinations were also tested. Synergy was defined as a ≥100-fold or 2-log decrease in colony count at 24 h by the combination compared with that by the most active single agent. Result: Penicillin puls gentamicin, cefotaxime plus gentamicin, and vancomycin plus cefotaxime combinations were deminstrated to have in vitro synergistic activities against multidrug-resistant strains. Conclusion: Three combinations showed in vitro synergism against penicillin-resistant pneumococci. Experimental animal study is warranted to determine the clinical relevance of the in vitro results.

혼합치열기의 miniscrew를 이용한 교정치료

임수민,양연미,김재곤,백병주,이용훈,신정근 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

Anchorage plays an important role in orthodontic treatment, Skeletal anchorage like the miniscrew is considered a more effective method in anchorage control than conventional anchorage which needs much patient s cooperation. The miniscrew offers many advantages. 1) It is easy to insert and to remove. 2) It can endure the force needed for moving teeth. 3) It can be immediately loaded and 4) Patient cooperation is not needed. 5) It is economic compared to other skeletal anchorage systems, In comparison to adult's bones, children s bones have comparatively poor bone quality and quantity. Therefore, it is hard to obtain primary stability in younger patients. However, if the miniscrew can be retained successfully, it will be effective in many orthodontic treatments. In these cases we used the miniscrew in correcting of diastema, in aligning dental midline, and in rendering a forced eruption of impacted tooth in mixed dentition patient. We obtained satisfactory results. 교정치료 시 고정원은 항상 염두에 두면서 치료를 진행해야 하는 중요한 요소이다. 전통적인 고정원을 이용한 치료는 환자의 적극적인 협조를 필요로 하고 원하는 치아이동에 대한 반작용이 나타날 수 있는 등의 부작용을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 보다 견고한 구강 내 고정원이 요구되어져 왔으며 이를 위해 miniscrew가 임상에서 흔히 이용되고 있다. Miniscrew를 통한 고정원의 확보는 구외력 의존도 감소,치료기간의 단축,식립 후 즉시 교정력 적용,환자의 협조도 불필요,식립의 간편성,저렴한 비용 등의 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 성장기 환자는 성인에 비해 골질이 좋지 않아 miniscrew의 성공률이 성인에 비해 낮다. 그러나 일단 고정에 성공하면 많은 교정치료 시 매우 유용하게 이용할 수 있다. 본 증례는 흔합치열기 환자를 miniscrew를 이용하여 정중이개 및 정중선 불일치,매복치에 대한 양호한 교정치료를 하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

改正信用狀統一規則의 運用上의 問題點에 관한 硏究 : 運送書類關聯規定을 中心으로

朴斗學,梁暎煥,吳元奭,金正秀 東亞大學校 大學院 1987 大學院論文集 Vol.12 No.-

The U.C.P(1983 Revison) set out guidelines relating to a transport document which would enable banks to accept such a document, or compel them to reject it, regardless of what the document appers to call itself, as follows: a) The case where the credit stipulates a marine bill of lading as the required transport document(Article 26) or, b) The case where the credit stipulates dispatch of goods by post(Article 30), of which case was excluded in this thesis or, c) All other cases where the credit calls for a transport document(Article 25). The definitions of the "shipment" are of "loading on board" or "dispatch" or "taking in charge", so Article 25 which made a clear distinction betwen a marine bill of lading and other transport document, especially combined transport document, referred mainly to the combined transport document as a popular transport document into four paragraphs: Paragraph(a): "mandatory general requirement" which the transport doucument must need for tis to be acceptable under the credit: Paragraph(b): "optional extras", i.e. additional elements in the transport document which will not affect its acceptability; Paragraph(c): elements in the transport document which make its rejection mandatory such as charter-party B/L, or the document issued by sailing vessel; Paragraph(d): elements in a transport document which may cause it to be rejected, such as freight forwarder's transport document. or which may permit its acceptance, such as FIATA FBL, including the freight forwarder's transport document acting as a carrier or agent of a named carrier. In making application of this paragraph(d) in practical side, what is mattered is that the U C P (1983 revision) did not provide the definition of a "carrier" which may be a norm in deciding of acceptability of the freight forwarder's transport document. The 1980 Revision of Incoterms, appreciating that one of the basic functions of a transport document is to evidence the contract of carriage, states that "carrier" means any person by whom or in whose name a contract of carriage by road, rail, sea or a combination of modes has been made, but this definition does not have a binding force and effect on the L/C tranaction because the L/C is a separate transaction because the L/C is a separate transaction from the sales contract. Article 26 applies only when the credit calling for a transport document stipulates as such document "a marine bill of lading", and it broadly follows the structure of Article 25. A marine bill of lading in the Article, unkess otherwise stupylated in the credit must be an "on board" form. As this Article only apply to " a marine bill of lading", the document which contains the word "intended" or "issued by freight forwarder", unless it indicates that the freight forwarder is acting as a carrier or its agent, will not be acceptable. But the Paragraph(b) in this Article stipulates that banks will not reject a document which bears a title such as "Combined transport billof Lading", Combined transport doucument", "Combined transport bill of lading or port-to-port bill of lading ......, so in cases of Combined transport documents which meet the requirements of Paragraph(a) of article 26, it is very confusing to find a appropriate Article in application. thus to avoid a confusion L/C applicant showed designate Article 26 in L/C if he wants it to be applied in Combined transport document. Article 27 made the change of UCp(1974 revision) that an "on board" document should be the norm; namely "taken in charge" or "received for shipment" now because an equivalent alternative for transport documents other than marine bill of lading.