야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률

조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.

Antimutagenic Effects of Ginsenoside Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$ in the CHO-K1 Cells by Benzo[a]pyrene with Chromosomal Aberration Test and Comet Assay

Kim, Jong-Kyu,Kim, Soo-Jin,Rim, Kyung-Taek,Cho, Hae-Won,Kim, Hyeon-Yeong,Yang, Jeong-Sun The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2009 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.5 No.2

The usage and types of chemicals are advancing, specializing, large-scaled increasing, and new chemical exposed workers are concerning to occupational disease. The generation of reactive oxygen in the body from carcinogen, mutation and DNA damage in cancer is protected by natural antioxidants (phytochemicals) with antimutagenic effect. There were many reports of ginsenoside Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$ grievances of the genetic mutation to suppress the effect confirm the genetic toxicity test with chromosomal aberration test and the Comet (SCGE) assay confirmed the suppression effect occurring chromosomal DNA damage. We had wanted to evaluate the compatibility and sensitivity between the chromosomal aberration (CA) test and the Comet assay. We used the CA test and Comet assay to evaluate the anti-genotoxicity of ginsenoside Rb$_1$ and Rg$_1$, in CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast) cell in vitro, composed negative control (solvent), positive control (benzo[a]pyrene), test group (carcinogen+variety concentration of ginsenoside) group. The positive control was benzo[a]pyrene (50 $\mu$M), well-known carcinogen, and the negative control was the 1 % DMSO solvent. The test group was a variety concentration of ginsenoside Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$ with 10$^{-8}$%, 10$^{-6}$%, 10$^{-4}$%, 10$^{-2}$%, 1%, 10%. In chromo-somal aberration test, we measured the number of cells with abnormally structured chromosome. In Comet assay, the Olive tail moment (OTM) and Tail length (TL) values were measured. The ratio of cell proliferation was increased 8.3% in 10$^{-8}$%, 10$^{-6}$%, 10$^{-4}$%, 10$^{-2}$%, 1%, 10% Rb$_1$ treated groups, and increased 10.4% in 10$^{-10}$%, 10$^{-8}$%, 10$^{-6}$%, 10$^{-4}$%, 10$^{-2}$%, 1% Rg$_1$ treated groups. In the CA test, the number of chromosomal aberration was decreased all the Rb$_1$ and Rg$_1$ treated groups. In the Comet assay, the OTM values were decreased in all the Rb$_1$ and Rg$_1$ treated groups. To evaluate the compatibility between CA and Comet assay, we compared the reducing ratio of chromosomal abnormalities with its OTM values, it was identified the antimutagenicity of ginsenoside, but it was more sensitive the CA test than the Comet assay. Ginsenoside Rb$_1$ and Rg$_1$ significantly decrease the number of cells with chromosomal aberration, and decrease the extent of DNA migration. Therefore, ginsenoside Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$ are thought as an antioxidant phytochemicals to protect mutagenicity. The in vitro Comet assay seems to be less sensitive than the in vitro chromosomal aberration test.

알레르기 ; 알레르기 환자에서 한방 이외의 대체 요법의 사용 현황에 대한 다기관 조사

이현정 ( Hyun Jung Lee ),이재현 ( Jae Hyun Lee ),이용원 ( Yong Won Lee ),김철우 ( Cheol Woo Kim ),동헌종 ( Hun Jong Dhong ),박해심 ( Hae Sim Park ),조영주 ( Young Joo Cho ),조진희 ( Jin Hee Cho ),조상헌 ( Sang Heon Cho ),편복양 ( 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회지 Vol.80 No.1

목적: 한국에서 알레르기 질환 치료를 위한 한방 치료뿐만 아니라 대체 요법이 많이 이용되고 있으며, 그 현황에 대하여 다기관 조사를 시행하였다. 방법: 10개의 대학병원 외래로 내원한 647명의 알레르기 환자를 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였으며, 이 중 510명이 한방 이외의 대체 요법에 응답하였다. 이환되어 있는 알레르기 질환은 천식(50.0%), 알레르기 비염(36.0%), 아토피 피부염(36.0%), 그리고 두드러기(9.3%)였다. 각각 환자들에게 12 문항의 설문조사를 시행하였으며, 한방 이외의 대체 요법의 사용 빈도 및 종류, 대체 요법에 의지하게 된 이유, 비용, 그리고 치료효과에 대한 의견을 물어 보았다. 결과: 16.7%의 알레르기 환자에서 한방 이외의 다른 대체 요법을 받았으며, 평균 1.6종의 한방 이외의 대체 요법을 받았다. 가장 많이 의지하는 대체 요법은 민간 식이요법 (48.6%)이었고, 그 다음이 아로마 요법(23.8%), 지압(14.3%), 건강 호흡법(7.6%), 마인드 컨트롤(5.7%), 목욕요법(5.7%) 순이었다. 대체 요법을 받은 환자 중 마인드 컨트롤(50%), 식이요법(50%), 그리고 건강 호흡법(75%)의 경우 치료 효과가 만족스럽다는 응답이 높았으며, 목욕요법, 아로마 요법, 그리고 지압은 만족도가 각각 33.3%, 28.0%, 26.7%로 저조하였다. 대체 요법 사용자의 63.6%가 5회 미만의 대체 요법을 받았고, 91.8%가 1년 이내로 치료받았으며, 1인당 평균 연 37 만원을 지출하였다. 대체 요법을 선택한 가장 큰 이유는 체질이 개선될 수 있을까 해서(44.2%)였으며, 대체 요법이 몸에 부담이 없어서(31.4%), 면역기능이 강화되어서(22.9%) 순으로 나타났고, 15.7%는 양약치료가 도움이 되지 않아서 대체 요법을 선택하였다고 응답하였다. 결론: 한국에서 알레르기 환자의 상당수가 한방뿐만 아니라 여러 가지의 대체 요법을 사용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 대체 요법의 사용 빈도가 증가하고 그 종류가 다양함을 고려할 때, 의료진은 대체 요법의 현황에 대하여 정확히 인지하고 이에 대해 관심을 가지고 환자를 대하여야 하며 올바른 알레르기 질환 치료법에 대해 환자뿐만 아니라 의료인에게 교육하는 것이 필요하다. Background/Aims: The use of unproven complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) to treat allergies is popular in Korea. We conducted a multicenter survey of the current use of CAM other than herbal medication in Korean allergy patients. Methods: This study enrolled 510 adults with allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria, from ten hospitals. They underwent a structured questionnaire interview and clinical assessment of the prevalence, motivation, costs, and subjective assessment of CAM. Results: Of the patients, 16.7% used at least one type of CAM to treat their allergic diseases. Common types of CAM were diet (48.6%), aroma therapy (23.8%), massage (14.3%), breathing exercises (7.6%), baths (5.7%), and mind control (5.7%). The therapeutic effects of CAM included improved in patients using mind control (50%), diet (50%), breathing exercises (75%), and baths (33.3%), but worse in patients using aroma therapy (28%), and massage (26.7%). About 36.4% of the patients used CAM more than four times per year, and the average cost per CAM user was 370,000 won/year. The main reason for trying CAM was `hope to improve my constitution`. Conclusions: CAM is used widely for treating allergic diseases in Korea. Detailed knowledge of CAM and patient education are important. Further studies of the clinical efficacy of CAM are needed. (Korean J Med 2011;80:68-77)

고온 용융염에서 Fe-Base 합금의 부식거동

조수행,윤기석,임종호,박성원 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.10

In the development of the advanced spent fuel management process based on the molten salt technology, it is essential to choose the optimum material for the process equipment handling molten salt. The corrosion behaviors of 304 S.S., 321 S.S., 316 LN S.S. and Incoloy 800 H in a molten salt of LiCI-Li₂O were investigated in the temperature range of 650-800℃. The oxide scales consisting of Fe₃O₄i FeCr₂O₄and Cr₂O₃ were formed in the 304 S.S., 321 S.S., 316 LN S.S. and Incoloy 800 H regardless of reaction temperature and time. The order of corrosion rate was Incoloy 800 H < 316 LN S.S. < 321 S.S. < 304 S.S.. Incoloy 800 H showed uniform corrosion behavior, whereas 304 S.S., 321 S.S. and 316 LN S.S. showed intergranular corrosion behavior. Incoloy 800 H with high Ni content exhibited the highest corrosion resistance among the examined alloys. (Received February 27, 2004)

임상미생물 검산의 전산화

원종형,조지현,문영희 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1995 圓光醫科學 Vol.11 No.2

Computerization of clinical microbiology, including parasitology and stool examination, using two microcomputers (LC475. Macintosh), resulted in more efficient specimen handling, frequent reporting and reduction of workload by avoiding repeated clerical work. And it will serve as a useful tool to improve quality control and to control hospital infection. We experienced some important, practical things about file structure, procedure and input-layouts for clinical microbiology, which will be needed to construct laboratory information system (LIS).

농촌과 도시지역간 지방재정력 격차의 비교분석

조상원,박종섭 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1997 農業科學硏究 Vol.14 No.-

The principal objective of this study is to analyze the difference of public financial structure bet-ween rural and urban areas in Chung- buk province. To find out the gap of between rural and urban public finance, the analysis of this study defined the three specific topics ; analysis of the size in financial scale, elasticity in financial structure and efficiency in financial management. The analytical objects of this study are 3 'Cities' and 10 'Guns' in Chung-buk province. In this study, it is prescribed that Gun is rural public finance and City is urban public finance. The analytical periods are '82∼'94. The data used in this study is Local Public Finance Yearbook reported by the Ministry of Home Affairs. The results obtained from this study were as follows. First, the scale of rural public finance was inferior to that of urban public finance. Second, accor-ding to the indicator analysis of financial structure, the financial elasticity in 1994 was higher than in 1982. But, the elasticity of rural public finance was lower than that of urban public finance. Third, in the efficiency of financial management, rural public finance was inferior to that of urban public finance. Because rural public finance was smaller than urban public finance in financial scale and structure. By results of the study on the above, political alternatives to reduce the gaps of financial structure between rural and urban public finance were summarized as follows. First, in the sides of public financial scale, it must transfer national taxes to local taxes, that is, phone tax, transfer income tax, liquor tax. Second, in the sides of public financial structure, it must raise elasticity and flexibility of public finance structure through the development of new tax and the establishment of taxation autonomy in local government. Third, in the sides of public financial management, to enhance the efficiency of financial manage-ment, it is necessary that Program Budget System should be adapted.

AE 신호의 주파수분석에 의한 Chatter진동의 감시

조대현,이상태,원종식,정윤교 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.5

A machine tool generally has some serious stability problems in the form of tool chatter during the cutting process. Chat-ter vibration deteriorates the surface finish, reduce tool and machine life, accelerates machine tool system component wear, and may lead to an unacceptable noise sound in the working environment. In this study, the behavior of spectral density of AE signal and principal cutting force signal in order to monitor the chatter vibration in the cutting process has been investi-gated. From the results, the reliability of proposed monitoring method has been confirmed.

한국 주요정신장애의 유병률 및 관련요인 : 2006 전국정신질환역학조사

조맹제,장성만,함봉진,정인원,배안,이영문,안준호,원승희,손정우,홍진표,배재남,이동우,조성진,박종익,이준영,김진영,전홍진,이해우 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.3

Objectives The aims of this study are to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in the Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI), and to compare those with previous studies. Methods The Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area study Replication (KECA-R) was Conducted between August 2006 and April 2007. The sampling of the subjects was carried out across 12 catchment areas. A multistage, cluster sampling design was adopted. The target Population included all eligible residents aged 181o 64 years. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI) based on the DSM-IV (N=6,510, response rate=81.7%). Results A total of 6,510 participants completed the interview. The lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates for all types of DSM-IV disorders were 30.0% and 17.3%, respectively. Those of Specific disorders were as follows : 1) alcohol use disorder, 16.2% and 5.6% ; 2) nicotine use disorder, 9.0% and 6.0% ; 3) specific phobia, 3.8% and 3.4% ; 4) major depressive disorder, 5.6% and 2.5% ; and 5) generalized anxiety disorder, 1.6% and 0.8%. Data relating to nicotine and alcohol use disorder revealed a very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among females than males. Conclusion The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in the distribution of psychiatric disorders across the country and times were observed.

광주시 대기오염과 일별 사망의 상관성에 관한 시계열적 연구 : 1998~2001년

조용성,이종태,김윤신,현연주,박원석 대한보건협회 2003 대한보건연구 Vol.29 No.2

This study is performed to examine the relationship between air pollution exposure and mortality in Gwangju for the years of 19% - 2001. Daily counts of death were analyzed by general additive Poisson model, with adjustment for effects of seasonal trend, air temperature, humidity, and day of the week as confounders in a nonparametric approach. Daily death counts were associated with CO(current day), 03(6 day before), PMdcurrent day), NO₂(1 day before), SO₂(2 day before). Increase of 29.74 pg/m (interquartile range) in PM_(10)was associated with 1.4 % (95% CI = 0 % - 2.8 %) increase in the daily number of death. This effect was greater in children(1ess than 15 aged) and elderly(more than 66 aged). We concluded that Gwangju had 1 - 24 % increase in mortality in association with IQR in air pollutants. Daily variations in air pollution within the range currently occurring in Gwangju might have an adverse effect on daily mortality. These findings also support the hypothesis that air pollution, at levels below the current ambient air quality standards of Korea, is harmful to sensitive subjects, such as children or elderly.