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김건석,한지연 대한소아내분비학회 2009 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.14 No.1
The management of children with intersex or micropenis is an ongoing challenge to clinicians. Topics including the recent surgical developments and controversies of management are reviewed. In feminizing genitoplasty, clitoroplasty is done as early as the first few months of life, however there are controversy in vaginal reconstruction for high vaginal confluence. In the patients with complete androgen insensitivity the testes are left intact until after puberty, so that hormone replacement therapy may be delayed. The sex assignment and surgical management of patients with intersex is very complex and should be made by the intersex team and family. Micropenis should be diagnosed by measuring stretched penile length and differentiated from buried penis which has basically normal penile size. In most boys with small penis, the size of penis reaches the normal range through a catch-up growth after puberty. Therefore close observation is a general rule in management of small penis. However low dose androgen treatment can be applied without complication in children with micropenis, especially who have severe psychological stress.
김건석,강민성,최미주,권용구,이광희 한국고분자학회 2009 Macromolecular Research Vol.17 No.10
The microdomain structures and crystallization behavior of the binary blends of poly(methyl methacrylate)- b-poly(pentafluorostyrene)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-PPFS-PMMA) triblock copolymer with a low molecular weight poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) were investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), small-angle light scattering (SALS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A symmetric, PMMA-PPFS-PMMA triblock copolymer with a PPFS weight fraction of 33% was blended with PVDF in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). In the wide range of PVDF concentration between 10.0 and 30.0 wt%, PVDF was completely incorporated within the PMMA microdomains of PMMAPPFS- PMMA without further phase separation on a micrometer scale. The addition of PVDF altered the phase morphology of PMMA-PPFS-PMMA from well-defined lamellar to disordered. The crystallization of PVDF significantly disturbed the domain structure of PMMA-PPFS-PMMA in the blends, resulting in a poorly-ordered morphology. PVDF displayed unique crystallization behavior as a result of the space constraints imposed by the domain structure of PMMA-PPFS-PMMA. The pre-existing microdomain structures restricted the lamellar orientation and favored a random arrangement of lamellar crystallites.