헌법 개정에 따른 북한의 교육이념 변화 : 국어와 공산주의 도덕 교과서를 중심으로 Focused on the Textbooks of Language & Ethics

권성아 한국교육과정학회 2003 교육과정연구 Vol.21 No.2

특히 국가이념이 비교적 많이 담겨 있는 공산주의 도덕과 국어 교육에 어떠한 변화가 일어났는가 하는 점을 성찰해보고자 한 것이다. 해방 이후 북한은, 1948년 9월 맑스-레닌주의에 입각한 헌법을 제정하여, 정부를 수립한 이래 몇 차례에 걸쳐 헌법을 개정하였다. 1) 1960년대 후반 ‘주체사상’을 확립하면서 이 이념을 첨가하기 위하여 1972년에, 2) 1980년대 후반 ‘조선민족제일주의’와 ‘우리 식 사회주의’를 외친 이후 소련이 붕괴되는 것을 지켜보면서 1992년에, 3) 김일성 사망 이후 ‘붉은기사상’으로 ‘강성대국론’의 입장을 띠면서 ‘유일사상’을 강화하기 위하여 1998년에 이루어졌다. 그 결과, 이들 교과서에서는 소련식 사회주의기에는 ‘프로레타리아 혁명’과 더불어 ‘일제 청산’이, 주체사상기에는 ‘공산주의적 혁명가’가, 민족제일주의기에는 ‘사회주의 · 공산주의 건설자’가, 그리고 강성대국론기에는 ‘주체혁명 위업 완수’가 주된 이념을 이루고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. This study is focused on the changes of the educational ideologies shown in the North Korean textbooks, especially how they have been changed according as the Constitutional law has been revised. The North Korea established the law in 1948, which was based on Marx-hninism. I would like to call it 'the period of Soviet Socialism.' Since then, it has been changed three times. First, it was revised to introduce hnin+Juche Ideology in 1972, which can be called 'the period of Self-reliance Ideology.' Second, it was revised in 1992 and the revision was based on Juche ideology completely. It can be called 'the period of Nations First. 'Third, it was revised to reinforce Juche ideology in 1998. It can be called 'the period of Forceful Nation.' In the first period (1945-), they specified that the most important educational ideologies were 'proletarian revolution' and the 'liquidation of Japanese imperialism' in their constitution. In the second period (1967-), the most important educational ideology was to be a 'communistic revolutionist'. In the third period (1986-), the most important educational ideology was to be the 'socialistic-communistic construhr.' And in the forth period (1994-), the most important educational ideology is to accomplish the 'Juche revolution.' The educational ideologies shown in the North Korean textbooks have been changed according to the revisions of constitution. First, in the period of Soviet Socialism, they were focused on rejecting the Japanese-American imperialism, hostility towards bourgeoisie and beautification of I1 Sung Kim in their ''North Korean" language education. Second, in the period of Self-reliance Ideology, idolization of I1 Sung Kim was reinforced in them. Third, in the period of Nations First, they reinforced rejecting the Japanese-American imperialism and began to make an idol of Jung I1 Kim in them. Forth, after the death of I1 Sung Kim, in the period of Forceful Nation, they have deified I1 Sung Kim and strengthened idolization of Jung I1 Kim. Furthermore, in the education of ethics, most of textbooks begin with indoctrinating the ideas of I1 sung Kim and his son. They were focused on rejecting the Japanese-American imperialism, hostility toward bourgeoisie, and proletarian revolution. This inclination was exactly same as moral education. But their socialism and denunciation of revisionism was reinforced in its textbook, also.

역행적 골수정 삽입술을 이용한 대퇴골 과상부 골절의 치료

권진우,신승호,조원호,성기호,김기환,손경태,이상훈,박세원,배종문,권태우 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.4

두발과 신경외과 수술후 감염과의 관계

권점대,이상열,김상진,박상근 인제대학교 1994 仁濟醫學 Vol.15 No.2

신경외과 영역의 두부 수술시 일반적으로 시행되는 삭발이 수술후 감염 방지를 위해 필요하다고 생각되어 행하여지고 있다. 그러나, 전체적 삭발이 수술후 환자에게 심리적 위축감과 조기 사회생활로의 복귀에 지장을 주는 것은 사실이다. 저자들은 1992년 6월부터 1993년 3월까지 두부 수술을 받은 186명의 환자중에 59례를 부분적으로 삭발하였고 동 기간동안 127례는 전체적으로 삭발하여 수술하여 이 두 환자군 사이의 감염율을 비교하였다. 부분 삭발하여 수술한 환자군에서는 감염이 한명도 없었으며 전체 삭발하며 수술한 환자군에서는 127례 중 3례로 이 두군에서 통계학적 의의는 없었다. 따라서, 부분 삭발이 수술후 환자의 외모에 추형이 없고 가발이 필요없이 조기 사회적 복귀가 가능한 바 권장할 만하여 보고하는 바이다. The value of removing hair in preparation for neurosurgery is addressed in detail. The authors compare of the postoperative infection rate between 127 case of whole scalp hair shaving group and 59 case of partial scalp hair shaving group. The postoperative infection rate for the whole scalp hair shaving group was 2.4% and 0% for the partial scalp hair shaving group. These data are discussed in the context of extension nonneurosurgical and microbiologic literature. It is concluded the removal of haler by shaving does not lowed the risk of surgical wound infection, and may increase the risk. A technique for preparing skin and hair for neurosurgery and for the management of hair during neurosurgical procedures is discussed.

동측에 발생한 대퇴골 경부 및 간부 골절의 치료

권진우,김기환,문상호,공규민,손경태,이상훈,권태우 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.3

목적: 동측의 대퇴골 경부 골절과 간부 골절이 동반된 경우에서 수술적 치료에 대해 본원에서 실시한 수술 방법들의 결과를 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 수술 후 1년 이상 추시 관찰이 가능하였던 11례를 대상으로 하였으며 경부 골절은 Garden 제 1형이 3례, 제 2형이 6례, 제 3형이 1례, 제 4형이 1례였다. 간부 골절은 중간부가 7례, 원위부가 4례였다. 추시 기간은 최소 1년 이상으로 평균 33개월이었고 11례 전부가 남자였으며 나이는 22세에서 54세로 평균 38세였다. 각 수술 방법에 따른 수술시간을 측정하였으며 방사선학으로 골유합의 시기, 부정유합, 불유합 등을 평가하였고 임상적으로는 골절부의 동통 및 관절 운동장애를 평가하였다. 결과: 치료 방법으로는 경부는 다발성 피고정술이 8례, 활강압방 고 나사못고정술이 1례였으며 간부의 경우는 중간부는 역행적 Ender정 고정술이 4례 , 금속판 고정술이 1례, 재건상 골수강내 고정술이 2례, 역행적 금속정 고정술이 1례였고, 원위부는 금속판 고정술이 1례, 역행적 교합성 금속정 고정술이 3례였다. 평균 수술시간은 재건상 골수강내 골종술이 180분, 다발성 핀고정술 및 금속판 고정술이 220분, 다발성 핀고정술 및 역행적 골수강내 고정술이 200분이었다. 골유합 기간은 간부 골절의 경우 평균 5개월이었다. 경부 골절에 대한 합병증으로는 간부 골절에 대해서 Ender정 고정술을 한 1례와 간부에 금속판 고정술을 한 후 지연진단되어 경부에 다발성 핀고정술을 한 1례에서 대퇴골두에 무혈성 괴사증이 병발하였으며 재건상 골수강내 금속정 삽입술을 한 1례에서 수술시 경부 골절의 정복소실이 있었으며 간부 골절에 대한 합병증으로는 역행적 금속정 고정술을 한 2례 (Ender정 1례와 교합성 금속정 1례)에서 불유합이 생겨서 금속판 고정술 및 자가골이식술로 대치하였다. 그리고 Ender정 고정술을 한 1례에서 지속적인 슬관절 주위 동통이 있었다. 결론: 대퇴골 경부 골절과 동측의 간부 골절이 동반된 경우의 수술적 치료에서 재건상 골수강내 금속 고정술은 기술적으로 어려움이 많아서 경부와 간부의 치료를 각각 하는 것이 기술적으로 쉬웠다. 수술시는 경부 골절의 수술을 먼저 하여도 고정에 어려움이 없었으며 간부 골절은 분쇄 골절이 많기 때문에 견고한 내고정이 필요하였다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analysis the result of operative treatment in ipsilateral femur neck and shaft fracuture. Material and Methods: Eleven cases of ipsilateral femur neck and shaft fractures were operated and followed more than 1 year. There were 11 men and mean age at index operation was 38 years (range 22~54). In neck fracture there were 3 of type Ⅰ, 6 of type Ⅱ, and 1 of typeⅢ according to Garden classification, shaft fractures were located an middle 1/3 (7 cases), at distal 1/3 (4 cases). We evaluated the operation time, union time, nonunion, malunion, and clinical evaluation with pain and joint stiffness. Result: In neck fractures treatment methods were 8 of multiple pinning, 2 of reconstruction nail and 1 of CHS, in shaft fractures 2 of DCP, 7 of retrograde nailing (3 Ender nail, 4 interlocking nail). The mean operation time was 180 minutes in reconstruction nail, 220 minutes in multiple pinning and DCP and 200 minutes in multiple pinning and retrograde nailing. The mean time for shaft union was 5 months. The complications were 1 case of neck reduction loss during operation in reconstruction nailing group, 1 of persistant pain around knee in Ender nailing group. Conclusion: The author think that reconstruction nail fixation is technically difficult, thus neck and shaft fracture be fixed individually. Neck fracture can be fixed first without difficulty and shaft fractures should be fixed rigidly due to comminution.

Research on the Web Narratives : its Introduction and Type Analysis

Kwon,Sang Woo (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 2006 (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 conference Vol.2006 No.2

인체 공중 동작 시뮬레이션 프로그램 개발

성낙준,권영후 한국운동역학회 1994 한국운동역학회지 Vol.4 No.2

A comprehensive simulation software package was developed in C base on the work done by Yeadon et al.(1990) and Kwon (1993a) in the aim of making it easy to apply the experimental simulation technigues to the human airborne movement studies. This package consists of 3 programs: simulation variable computation program (PREP), simulation program (SIM) and the 3-dimensional graphic program (3DMAN). All programs are driven by an easy-to-use menu system and written compatible to KWON3D Motion Analysis Package Version 2.1 (Kwon, 1993b). Program PREP consists of 4 menus: `Edit Data´, `Prepare´ `Angular Momentum´ and `Optimization´. The `Edit Data´ environment is an editor for the lengths of the segments and body lines. The `Prepare´ menu computes the internal orientation angles of the segments while the `Angular Momentum´ menu computes the mean airborne angular momentum of the body and other initial conditions such as the initial position and velocity of the body CM and the initial external orientation of the body. The `Optimization´ menu performs angular momentum optimization proposed by Kwon (1993a). A geometric 15-segment body model - Yeadon-Kwon model (Kwon, 1993b) - with at most 38 degrees of freedom including 3 external orientation angles (somersault, inclination and twist angles) was employed to compute the simulation variables. SIM consists of 2 menus: `Edit Angles´ and `Simulate´. The `Edit Angles´ environment is an editor for the internal orientation angles of the segments. Users can intentionally manipulate the internal orientation angles for the simulation of modified trials. The program displays time-angle curves segment by segment. The `Simulate´ menu actually performs simulation. The initial conditions can be directly manipulated in the program menu environment. The simulation program was tested by several theoretical configurations to screen out the flaws in the theory and to isolate coding mistakes. The simulated results were compared with the predicted results and the program showed good agreements between the simulated results and the theoretical predictions. The simulation program was then applied to several gymnastic maneuvers and springboard dives for testing. 3DMAN was developed in the extension of the traditional `Stick Figure´ graphics. The program is segment-oriented and the 3-D shape of each segment is defined defined independently in a graphic model file to allow the users to use different body models with different, combinations of segments. The model file was designed easy to edit so as to allow the users to change the graphic model easily to meet their specific needs. The graphic model file can be edited using any text editor such as `EDIT´ of DOS. Once the `3-D Graphics´ option is activated followed by the registration of the graphic model files, the program draws the 3-D shapes of the segments whose model files are registered. All the graphics-related menus including registration of the segment graphic model files are accessible within the graphic environment.

The Effect of Dietary Lipids on CVD Risk Factors in Ovariectomized Rats

Kwon,Ja Ryong,Ahn,Hae Seon,Lee,Sang Sun 韓國營養學會 1997 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.30 No.4

개에서 관절이완과 피부과신장을 특징으로 하는 Ehlers-Danlos 양 증례

이성호,안정선,김인순,곽명순,이종완,박영석,박병권,김인봉,김상기,권건오,조성진 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

Ehler' s-Danlos syndrome or cutaneous asthenia (also known as rubber puppy disease) is an uncommon, inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by loose, hyperextensible, fragile skin. The defect has been recognized in both dogs and cats as well as in humans, mink, cows, sheep and horses. The underlying defect is in the synthesis and/ or maturation of type I collagen and as a result of lack of vascular support. Affected animals often experience subcutaneous hematomas that have long bleeding times. A 4-year-old Yorkshire terri or had a hip dislocation, and another had bilateral medial patellar luxation (grade II), subcutaneous hematomas produced by minimal trauma, and generalized periodontitis. Dogs were diagnosed with symptoms described for Ehler' s-Danlos syndrome by the clinical and histological findings in the skin. And then skin samples were examined clinically by calculating the skin extensibility index. Skin biopsies obtained from the dorsum were examined by light microscopy. Histologically, there was a diffuse moderate in the dermis layer and a loose moderate in the hypodermis layer.

태권도 수련복의 변천과정에 관한 고찰

윤상화,권관배 龍仁大學校 1998 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this inquiry is to understand the changing process of Tae-Kwon Do uniform by After thorough examination, they could be summarized as below. Tae-Kwon Do training uniforms are divided into two different types. One is a spread extended type which originally came form Japan and the other is an Korean traditional martial arts uniform. As the development of Tae-Kwon Do occurred, the uniform changed into a basic clothing form from the three countries period which included a black collar and a half black and red collar for grade holders. The differences in the length of sleeves and pants come from which material it is made of and a statement regulated by the Korea Tae-Kwon Do Federation. The uniform currently using is not the Korean traditional type which has to be worn over the head. This has a major disadvantage when putting it on and taking it off, it ruins the hair especially after sweating a lot through training. As a result, the uniform we are currently wearing has a slight problem in practicality and the historical background but the uniform itself is rogarded more as a sport uniform rather than a training uniform.

Social Problems and the Active Use of Petitions during the Reign of King Chŏngjo

Han Sang-kwon The Academy of Korean Studies 2000 Korea Journal Vol.40 No.4