Extraction of bioethanol from fermented sweet sorghum bagasse by batch distillation

Guangming Li,Jihong Li,Shizhong Li,Xu Zu,Lei Zhang,Lisong Qi,Weiliang Xu 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.1

Extraction of bioethanol, a potential alternative to fossil fuel in the transport industry, from sweet sorghum stems [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] using solid-state fermentation (SSF) technology has become a popular research topic worldwide. Because SSF technology can directly convert fermentable sugars into target products without juice squeezing and water input, this method can potentially reduce energy and water consumption. However, ethanol extraction from fermented sweet sorghum bagasse requires further investigation. We used batch solid-state distillation to investigate the optimal operating parameters in a distillation column (diameter, 400 mm) via a single-factor experiment. Results showed that the optimal steam flow rate and loading height were 8-10 kg·h−1 and 700-1,000 mm, respectively. Under optimal conditions, an energy consumption of 3.82 tons of steam per ton of ethanol and distillate concentration of 60.9% (v/v) were obtained. The pseudo-first-order rate equation was used to describe the distillation kinetics, and good correlations were obtained. Therefore, solid-state distillation can be effectively used to extract ethanol from fermented sweet sorghum bagasse.

Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Interfacial Bonding Strength of Ti/Al Clad Sheet Processed by Horizontal Twin-Roll Casting

Jiujian Xu,Guangming Xu,Yong Li,Zhaodong Wang 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.10

In this study, a Ti/Al clad sheet was fabricated using horizontal twin-roll casting (HTRC) with the application of pulsedelectric field (PEF) and electromagnetic oscillation field (EOF), and the effects of different external fields on interfacialbonding strength were investigated in detail. The external electromagnetic fields have little influence on the stability of HTRCprocess. With the application of PEF and EOF, the width of diffusion layer at the Ti/Al interface increases obviously, andthe interfacial bonding strength increases from 20.1 to 21.4 N/mm and 24.5 N/mm, respectively. When the EOF is applied,the electromagnetic volumetric force is generated in the liquid cavity of cast-rolling zone, which is much larger than theelectromagnetic force caused by single PEF. Under the action of the electromagnetic volume force, aluminum melt in theliquid cavity oscillates repeatedly, which scours the surface of the titanium strip and makes the newly formed crystal nucleifall off the surface of strip. In addition, the oscillation effect reduces the temperature gradient at the contact area betweenstrip and melt and slows down the solidification process, thus prolonging the contact time between aluminum and titanium. All of these effects make the melt spread more sufficient on the surface of titanium strip and promote the interdiffusionbetween atoms. As a result, more metallurgical bonding regions are formed and enhanced, which leads to the improvementof bonding strength of the clad sheet.

Experimental investigation of cutting force, surface roughness and tool wear in high-speed dry milling of AISI 4340 steel

Guangming Zheng,Xiang Cheng,Li Li,Rufeng Xu,Yebing Tian 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.1

The high-speed dry milling of AISI 4340 steel was carried out with a CVD Al 2 O 3 /TiCN coated carbide tool. The relationships between cutting force, surface roughness and cutting parameter were conducted, and the influence of tool wear on cutting force and surface roughness was also investigated. The wear mechanism of coated tool was revealed by SEM micrograph and EDS analysis. Due to the lower tool wear rate, the increase of cutting forces and surface roughness R a was smaller at the initial wear stage and the steady wear stage, whereas the increase of cutting forces was improved suddenly when the flank wear was more than 0.25 mm. Additionally, the coated tool wear was mainly caused by adhesion, abrasion, oxidation and diffusion, accompanied with a little peeling and chipping. The research results are expected to provide optimum cutting parameters for high-efficiency machining of high-strength steel.

Bio-based Epoxy Thermoset Containing Stilbene Structure with Ultrahigh T<SUB>g</SUB> and Excellent Flame Retardancy

Guangming Lu,Xuezhen Wang,Na Teng,Jingyuan Hu,Liyue Zhang,Jinyue Dai,Yongjia Xu,Sakil Mahmud,Xiaoqing Liu 한국고분자학회 2021 폴리머 Vol.45 No.4

Bio-based epoxy resins with an ultrahigh glass transition temperature (Tg) and excellent flame retardancy are critical for developing sustainable polymers. Herein, a novel trifunctional epoxy monomer triglycidyl ether of resveratrol (TGER) was synthesized from renewable resveratrol. The chemical structure of TGER was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ¹H, and <SUP>13</SUP>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy which was then reacted with 4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) to form resin. The obtained resin was evaluated in terms of flame retardance and thermal properties. The resultant TGER-DDM 240 resin shows excellent flame-retardant properties, presenting a residual char of 42.5% at 800 ℃, limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 31.2%, and flammability rating of V-0 in UL94 test. Moreover, the resin possesses an ultrahigh Tg at 294 ℃. This work provides a facile method for preparing high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin from a renewable resource.

Association between Histone Deacetylase 9 Gene Polymorphism and Stroke in Chinese Han Population

Yang, Xitong,Xu, Hongyang,Liu, Dan,Ma, Rong,Zhang, Yuanyuan,Wang, Guangming The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2021 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.64 No.2

Objective : To explore the correlation between the polymorphism of histone deacetylase 9 gene (rs1060499865, rs723296, rs957960) and ischemic stroke (IS) in Chinese Han population in Dali region. Methods : This study included 155 IS patients and 128 healthy physical examinees. TaqMan-polymerase chain reaction technology and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Results : In the case group, there was no polymorphism of rs1060499865 observed in the two groups; whereas on the rs723296 locus the frequencies of C allele and TC genotype were significantly higher than that in the control group, alleles C and T were associated with a 2.158-fold increase in IS risk, and genotypes TC and TT were associated with a 2.269-fold increase in IS risk. The locus rs957960 exhibited no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion : An association between rs723296 and the risk of IS was found in the Chinese Han population in Dali region. No significant association was found between rs1060499865, rs957960 and IS in the Chinese Han population in Dali region.

An Adaptive JPEG Steganographic Method Based on Weight Distribution for Embedding Costs

( Yi Sun ),( Guangming Tang ),( Yuan Bian ),( Xiaoyu Xu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.5

Steganographic schemes which are based on minimizing an additive distortion function defined the overall impacts after embedding as the sum of embedding costs for individual image element. However, mutual impacts during embedding are often ignored. In this paper, an adaptive JPEG steganographic method based on weight distribution for embedding costs is proposed. The method takes mutual impacts during embedding in consideration. Firstly, an analysis is made about the factors that affect embedding fluctuations among JPEG coefficients. Then the Distortion Update Strategy (DUS) of updating the distortion costs is proposed, enabling to dynamically update the embedding costs group by group. At last,a kind of adaptive JPEG steganographic algorithm is designed combining with the update strategy and well-known additive distortion function . The experimental result illustrates that the proposed algorithm gains a superior performance in the fight against the current state-of-the-art steganalyzers with high-dimensional features.

Cutting force, tool wear and surface roughness in high-speed milling of high-strength steel with coated tools

Yuan Li,Guangming Zheng,Xu Zhang,Xiang Cheng,Xianhai Yang,Rufeng Xu 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.11

The TiAlN+TiN coated tool, AlTiN coated tool and TiN/TiCN/TiAlN multi-coated tool were chosen for the high-speed milling of AISI 4340. The resultant cutting force and tool wear of coated tools were reviewed. The influence of cutting parameters and coating materials on the machined surface roughness was studied. The smallest resultant cutting force was obtained by TiN/TiCN/TiAlN multicoated tool. The main wear mechanisms of coated tool were chipping, collapse, the chipping of coating, adhesive wear, abrasive wear and crater wear. The minimal flank wear width was obtained by TiN/TiCN/TiAlN multi-coated tool. Among the selected cutting parameters, the lower surface roughness R a of 0.08~0.32 μm was achieved by the TiN/TiCN/TiAlN multi-coated tool and TiAlN+TiN coated tool. This work was conducive to the selection of coated tools and the optimization of cutting parameters in high-speed milling of AISI 4340, as well as to the promotion of high-efficiency and high-quality machining of hard-to-cut material.

Comparisons and Correlations of Phenolic Profiles and Anti-oxidant Activities of Seventeen Varieties of Pineapple

Liqing Du,Guangming Sun,Xiumei Zhang,Yuge Liu,Witoon Prinyawiwatkul,Zhimin Xu,Yixiao Shen 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.2

Major phenolic, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid (AA) contents in 17 pineapple varieties were quantified and compared. Anti-oxidant activities were evaluated using 2,2-Diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP), and metal chelating capacity (MCC) assays. MD-2 exhibited the highest AA and total phenolic (TP) contents and DPPH and ABTS assay results, but was lower in β-carotene contents. Ripley had the highest total flavonoid (TF) content with a low AA content. Comte de Pairs exhibited the highest MCC and the lowest FRAP values. TP contents and both DPPH and ABTS activities, FRAP values and both AA contents and DPPH activities, and TF contents and ABTS activities were positively correlated. MD-2 exhibited the greatest diversity of phenolics and highest anti-oxidant activities in all assays. Information included herein can be useful for development of pineapple-based food products containing high levels of health promoting anti-oxidants.

Exploring molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological association between knee osteoarthritis and sarcopenia

Jiyong Yang,Tao Jiang,Guangming Xu,Shuai Wang,Wengang Liu 대한골다공증학회 2023 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.9 No.3

Objectives: Accumulating evidence indicates a strong link between knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and sarcopenia. However, the mechanisms involved have not yet been elucidated. This study primarily aims to explore the molecular mechanisms that explain the connection between these 2 disorders. Methods: The gene expression profiles for KOA and sarcopenia were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, specifically from GSE55235, GSE169077, and GSE1408. Various bioinformatics techniques were employed to identify and analyze common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across the 3 datasets. The techniques involved the analysis of Gene Ontology and pathways to enhance understanding, examining proteinprotein interaction (PPI) networks, and identifying hub genes. In addition, we constructed the network of interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and genes, the co-regulatory network of TFs and miRNAs for hub genes, and predicted potential drugs. Results: In total, 14 common DEGs were found between KOA and sarcopenia. Detailed information on biological processes and signaling pathways of common DEGs was obtained through enrichment analysis. After performing PPI network analysis, we discovered 4 hub genes (FOXO3, BCL6, CDKN1A, and CEBPB). Subsequently, we developed coregulatory networks for these hub genes involving TF-gene and TF-miRNA interactions. Finally, we identified 10 potential chemical compounds. Conclusions: By conducting bioinformatics analysis, our study has successfully identified common gene interaction networks between KOA and sarcopenia. The potential of these findings to offer revolutionary understanding into the common development of these 2 conditions could lead to the identification of valuable targets for therapy. 1. Introduction Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent degenerative condition of the musculoskeletal system that predominantly impacts individuals in the middle-aged and older age groups. This progressive ailment gradually impairs the patient’s mobility and overall well-being [1,2]. The primary pathological feature of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) involves the breakdown and loss of articular cartilage. Different joint tissues are impacted to different extents, including remodeling of the subchondral bone, degeneration of the meniscus, weakening and looseness of ligaments, inflammation of the infrapatellar fat pad, and inflammation of the synovial membrane [2–5]. Furthermore, the presence of periarticular muscle atrophy plays a significant role in the progression of KOA. Decreased muscle strength can alter mechanical stress, reduce joint stability, and accelerate cartilage degeneration and abnormal subchondral bone changes [6–9]. Sarcopenia, which frequently coexists with KOA [10–12], is primarily characterized by the decline in both muscle mass and strengt

Experimental research on the mechanisms of condensation induced water hammer in a natural circulation system

Sun, Jianchuang,Deng, Jian,Ran, Xu,Cao, Xiaxin,Fan, Guangming,Ding, Ming Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.11

Natural circulation systems (NCSs) are extensively applied in nuclear power plants because of their simplicity and inherent safety features. For some passive natural circulation systems in floating nuclear power plants (FNPPs), the ocean is commonly used as the heat sink. Condensation induced water hammer (CIWH) events may appear as the steam directly contacts the subcooled seawater, which seriously threatens the safe operation and integrity of the NCSs. Nevertheless, the research on the formation mechanisms of CIWH is insufficient, especially in NCSs. In this paper, the characteristics of flow rate and fluid temperature are emphatically analyzed. Then the formation types of CIWH are identified by visualization method. The experimental results reveal that due to the different size and formation periods of steam slugs, the flow rate presents continuous and irregular oscillation. The fluid in the horizontal hot pipe section near the water tank is always subcooled due to the reverse flow phenomenon. Moreover, the transition from stratified flow to slug flow can cause CIWH and enhance flow instability. Three types of formation mechanisms of CIWH, including the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, the interaction of solitary wave and interface wave, and the pressure wave induced by CIWH, are obtained by identifying 67 CIWH events.