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Guangming Lu,Xuezhen Wang,Na Teng,Jingyuan Hu,Liyue Zhang,Jinyue Dai,Yongjia Xu,Sakil Mahmud,Xiaoqing Liu 한국고분자학회 2021 폴리머 Vol.45 No.4
Bio-based epoxy resins with an ultrahigh glass transition temperature (Tg) and excellent flame retardancy are critical for developing sustainable polymers. Herein, a novel trifunctional epoxy monomer triglycidyl ether of resveratrol (TGER) was synthesized from renewable resveratrol. The chemical structure of TGER was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ¹H, and <SUP>13</SUP>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy which was then reacted with 4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) to form resin. The obtained resin was evaluated in terms of flame retardance and thermal properties. The resultant TGER-DDM 240 resin shows excellent flame-retardant properties, presenting a residual char of 42.5% at 800 ℃, limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 31.2%, and flammability rating of V-0 in UL94 test. Moreover, the resin possesses an ultrahigh Tg at 294 ℃. This work provides a facile method for preparing high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin from a renewable resource.
Zhang Hao,Liu Yu,Li Jingyuan,Yu Hanzhengnan,Xu Hang,Ma Kunqi,Liang Yongkai,An Xiaopan,Hu Xi 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.5
Under the background that electric vehicles cause enormous supply pressure on the grid, the application of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology can effectively alleviate supply pressure and also bring more economic benefits. Considering conditions for participating in V2G, pure electric logistics fleets have the advantages of stable work end time and large remaining power. In this paper, the economic benefits of the pure electric logistics fleet participating in V2G and the influence factors of the V2G profit are studied. Firstly, the travel data of a pure electric logistics fleet in Chengdu, China is collected. Secondly, the V2G profit model is established to quantify the economic benefits. Then, 4 V2G scenario modes are proposed based on window duration, window start time, SOC lower limit and discharge price. Finally, the change law and influence factors of the V2G profit in each V2G scenario mode are studied from the perspective of the discharge revenue, charge cost and battery loss cost. The results show that the V2G profit increases with the extension of window duration, the delay of window start time, the decrease of SOC lower limit and the increase of discharge price. The average profit of logistics fleets ranges from 3.94 RMB/(vehicleday) to 65.54 RMB/(vehicleday).