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Shiguo Xu,Yixiao Cui,Chuanxi Yang,Shujing Wei,Wenping Dong,Lihui Huang,Changqing Liu,Zongming Ren,Weiliang Wang 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.2
The Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were simulated to assess water quality of the Nansi Lake Basin, China. The membership functions were established via the Nor-Half Sinusoidal Distribution Method, and the weight was calculated via the Exceeding Standard Multiple Method. To enhance the efficiency of extracting principal pollutant, the eigenequation was solved through the Jacobi Method, and the principal components were extracted based on eigenvalue, contribution ratio, accumulating contribution ratio, principal component loading and score. Water quality classification based on “National Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards of China (GB3838-2002) was used to assess the water quality. Considering the difference of the temporal and spatial distribution in average, water quality of Level I was 28.9%, 28.1%, 25.1%, 25.6%, respectively in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, which suggested that water quality in spring and summer was better than in autumn and winter. The order of water quality was Zhaoyang Lake (Level I) > Nanyang Lake (Level I) > Dushan Lake (Level III) > Weishan Lake (Level III and IV). There were four extracted principal components that can replace the fourteen pollutant indexes for assessing water quality. According to the annual mean data of the 1<SUP>st</SUP> principal components, the most important pollutions were heavy metals, including As (0.933), Hg (0.931), Cd (0.929), Cr(VI) (0.926), Pb (0.925), and Cu (0.534). It is proved that the combined FCE-PCA model could provide valuable information in the water quality assessment for the Nansi Lake Basin.
Extraction of bioethanol from fermented sweet sorghum bagasse by batch distillation
Guangming Li,Jihong Li,Shizhong Li,Xu Zu,Lei Zhang,Lisong Qi,Weiliang Xu 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.1
Extraction of bioethanol, a potential alternative to fossil fuel in the transport industry, from sweet sorghum stems [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] using solid-state fermentation (SSF) technology has become a popular research topic worldwide. Because SSF technology can directly convert fermentable sugars into target products without juice squeezing and water input, this method can potentially reduce energy and water consumption. However, ethanol extraction from fermented sweet sorghum bagasse requires further investigation. We used batch solid-state distillation to investigate the optimal operating parameters in a distillation column (diameter, 400 mm) via a single-factor experiment. Results showed that the optimal steam flow rate and loading height were 8-10 kg·h−1 and 700-1,000 mm, respectively. Under optimal conditions, an energy consumption of 3.82 tons of steam per ton of ethanol and distillate concentration of 60.9% (v/v) were obtained. The pseudo-first-order rate equation was used to describe the distillation kinetics, and good correlations were obtained. Therefore, solid-state distillation can be effectively used to extract ethanol from fermented sweet sorghum bagasse.
Haiying Wen,Ming Cong,Guifei Wang,Wenlong Qin,Weiliang Xu,Zhisheng Zhang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.5
A 4-DOF redundantly actuated parallel robot (RAPR) for jaw movement achieved by adding two pointcontactconstraints (higher-kinematic-pairs, HKPs) is presented. The inverse dynamics and driving force optimizationmodel based on pseudo-inverse method are established. In order to overcome the disequilibrium of drivingforces of the redundant chains caused by inclusion of point-contact constraints, an optimized torque distributionbased force/position hybrid control (OTDFP control) method for trajectory tracking is proposed for this RAPR. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the OTDFP control. Comparison with the conventional position control isperformed, showing that the OTDFP control can reduce torque fluctuation and tracking errors of the RAPR. Thechewing experiment of silicone shows the RAPR is not only able to track mandibular movement, but also able toemulate chewing force and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) force under the OTDFP control.