Improved Adhesion of Metal Electrode Layer on Si₃N₄ Substrate through an All-Wet Process

Kim, Danbi,Eom, Nu Si A,Kim, Jiwon,Lee, Kyu Hyoung,Park, Sung Heum,Lee, Ju Ho,Chao, Yong-Ho,Lim, Jae-Hong Electrochemical Society 2019 ECS journal of solid state science and technology Vol.8 No.2

<P>Electroless deposition requires preliminary surface treatment to effectively adsorb a metal electrode layer onto a ceramic substrate. Herein, a simple surface treatment using an all-wet process was performed to achieve adhesion stability between a Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> substrate and Ni film. The method involved deposition of an interfacial Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> buffer between the two layers. Surface pretreatment via silanization was initially performed to improve surface wettability, thereby enhancing uniform deposition of Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. Subsequently, a thin Ni layer was directly deposited onto the Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer without necessitating sensitization or activation. The synthesized Ni/Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> heat sink exhibited excellent adhesion property in the cross-hatch, scratch, and thermal shock tests. The mechanism of adhesion enhancement involved chemical bonding of Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> with the self-assembled monolayer on the substrate and reduced internal stress due to removal of residual hydrogen between the layers of the heat sink. Thus, the fabricated heat sink has a promising application in electronic devices operated at high temperatures.</P>

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 Micafungin의 예방 효과 및 안전성

김시현,이동건,최수미,권재철,박선희,최정현,유진홍,이성은,조병식,김유진,이석,김희제,민창기,조석구,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,박종원 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.3

Background: Micafungin, a potent inhibitor of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase, is a novel antifungal agent of the echinocandin class. In vitro study showed that micafungin was effective against Aspergillus species as well as Candida species, but clinical data on the prophylactic efficacy against invasive fungal infections (IFIs) other than candidiasis are still lacking. Materials and Methods: We identified 60 consecutive adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who received at least 3 doses of micafungin during neutropenic period. Micafungin was started as an alternative in patients who were intolerant or had adverse events (AEs) to primary prophylactic antifungal agents. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis against IFIs. Results: The patients either had autologous (n=9) or allogeneic (n=51: 1 syngeneic, 24 sibling, 26 unrelated donor) HSCT. Itraconazole oral solution (n=58) was the most frequently used first line antifungal agent for prophylaxis and was administered for median 11 days. The most frequent cause of switch to micafungin was vomiting (n=42). The duration of neutropenia and micafungin administration was median 13 and 12 days, respectively. A successful outcome was achieved in 45 (75%) patients. Empirical antifungal therapy was initiated in 13 (22%) patients. There were 2 cases (3.3%) of breakthrough fungal infections which comprised a probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a possible invasive fungal sinusitis. There was no case of invasive candidiasis. A total of 53 (88%) patients experienced at least one AE regardless of causality during micafungin administration. The most frequent AEs were hypokalemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. Among the aforementioned AEs, only 1 case of diarrhea could be classified as a probable relation with micafungin when causality was assessed. There was no AEs that caused discontinuation of micafungin. Conclusions: Micafungin seems to be a safe and effective agent for prophylaxis of IFIs including aspergillosis as well as candidiasis in HSCT recipients. However, further large, prospective, and randomized comparative studies are warranted for aspergillosis.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1994)

김재홍,안진균,정성재,김영태,김중환,김시영,이석종,이홍렬,서호석,김경훈,권혁진,정우권,고우석,이용석,안필수,오준규,오용섭 대한화학요법학회 1996 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Background : In recent years gonorrhoea has been panendemic and remains one of the most common Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Method : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae(PPNG), Ive have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1994, 168 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 109 (64,9% ) were PPNG. Conclustion : Our results suggests that the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is still increasing.

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 발생한 Cytomegalovirus 질환의 특징 : 일개 대학변원에서 최근 10년간의 경험

최수미,이동건,박선희,김시현,김유진,민창기,김희제,이석,최정현,유진홍,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,신완식,김춘추 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.1

Background : Studies on cytomegalovirus (CMV) diseases in Korean hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are lacking and do not reflect the recent trends of advances and changes. Therefore, we tried to analyze the clinical features of CMV diseases in HSCT recipients over the past 10 years at a tertiary university hospital in Korea. Methods : Retrospective review of medical records was done for all adult HSCT patients who received transplant at the Catholic HSCT Center from January 1998 to January 2008. Results : Forty-four cases (2.2%) of CMV diseases were identified. CMV pneumonia was diagnosed in 17 patients, retinitis in 16 patients, enterocolitis in 7 patients, esophagitis 1 patient, gastritis in 1 patient, duodenitis in 1 patient, and hepatitis in 1 patient. The median onset of symptom was 90 days after transplantation. Late CMV diseases accounted for 47.7%. CMV related death varied from 0 to 58.8% according to the involved organ. CMV retinitis was diagnosed relatively later in the course of transplantation mostly in patients who had chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD). On the contrary, CMV enterocolitis mainly occurred in patients who suffered from acute GVHD. The overall concurrent CMV reactivation was documented to be 63.6%: the concurrent CMV reactivation was observed only in 37.5% of patients with retinitis. Conclusions : We observed some differences in the pattern of CMV disease manifestation according to the involved organ and reconfirmed the fact that CMV pneumonia is the most common and fatal disease in HSCT recipients. Additionally, CMV retinitis was not uncommon in HSCT recipients. Since specific marker does not exist in predicting retinitis, regular ocular examination should be done thoroughly, especially in patients with chronic GVHD.

승모판 대치술후에 발생한 좌심실유출로 폐색 1예

김도연,조홍근,정익모,박시훈,박성훈,신길자,정병철 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.1

오리 鼻腔 및 鼻粘膜上皮의 計測에 관한 硏究

金世仁,金武剛,申台均,金弘善,柳時潤,李永浩 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1986 충남의대잡지 Vol.13 No.1

The area of the various epithelial types linging the nasal navity of each six number in 1-week-old and 10-week-old adult ducks has been made for the light microscopic research. Transverse sections of 10 microns thick in each specimen were made continuously from the anterior end of nostril to the posterior end of pharyngeal inlet and specimen samples were selected at 0.13mm(1-week-old) and 0.17mm(10-week-old) intervals from the anterior end of the nasal cavity to the posterior end of pharyngeal inlet. The results obtained from research were summarized as follows. 1. The nasal cavity is lined with stratified squamous, respiratory and olfactory epithelium. The thickness of stratified squamous, respiratory and olfactory epithelium is 10-100㎛, 8-75㎛ and 50㎛ respectively in 1-week-old ducks, and 25-175㎛, 20-125㎛ and 66㎛ respectively in 10-week-old ducks. 2. The unilateral volumes of the nasal cavity in 1-week-old and 10-week-old ducks were 21.73±2.64㎟, 1,692.44±171.57㎟ respectively. 3. The total unilateral surface areas of the nasal cavity in 1-week-old and 10-week-old ducks were 70.44±4.92㎟, 1,772.45±94.10㎟ respectively. 4. Each area of the stratified squamous epithelium, respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium in unilateral nasal cavity is 14.82±1.85㎟ (21.1%), 46.86±3.20㎟ (66.5%) and 8.76±0.40㎟ (12.4%) in the 1-week-old ducks, and 348.23±40.02㎟ (19.7%), 1,282.31±47.03㎟ (72.3%) and 141.90±12.43㎟ (8.0%) in the 10-week-old ducks. Ducks are assumed as a microsmatic animals by the composition of the lining epithelium of the nasal cavity in ducks.

안와내벽의 단독외향골절에서 골절정도와 안구함몰정도와의 관계

진홍률,신시옥,추무진,최영석,양상권,김종욱 대한이비인후과학회 1998 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.41 No.5

임베디드 장치용 사용자 인터페이스 라이브러리 설계 및 개발

김시관,홍상렬,박형순 금오공과대학교 2006 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

임베디드 시스템 장치에서 사용자에게 정보를 제공하고 사용자의 입력을 받기 위한 언터페이스의 중요성은 인터넷의 발전 및 휴대 전화 PDA 등과 같은 개인 정보 접속 장치의 대중화로 점차 커져가고 있다. 개인 정보 접속 장치뿐만 아니라 산업 현장에서 사용되고 있는 임베디드 시스템에서도 장치 제어 및 감시에 사용될 GUI의 요구 증가는 계속 되고 있다. 하지만 임베디드 장치의 제어 및 감시를 위한 GUI 라이브러리의 개발은 아직 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 임베디드 시스템 장치를 제어하고 감시하기 위한 기존의 GUI 라이브러리 보다 더 발전된 Gill 라이브러리를 설계하고 개발하였다. 그리고 새로운 GUI 리아브러리를 이용한 데모 프로그램을 작성하였다.

Nicotine이 발생중인 鷄胎의 體重 成長에 미치는 영향

金武剛,金弘善,柳時潤,申台均,李永浩,趙聲煥 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1985 충남의대잡지 Vol.12 No.2

The authors studies the effects of Nicotine on the Body weight growth of the developmental chick embryo. On the sixth day of incubation, 0.41mg, 0.82mg and 1.65mg of Nicotine were injected into the chorioallantoic sac of each egg of three groups and one group was injected physiological saline solution as a control, and the eggs were broken for weighting the body weight in every other day from the twelfth day to eighteenth day of incubation. In an attempt to analyze the growth of the body weights, growth formula of Zimmerman and relative growth formula of Huxley were applied. The following results were obtained. 1. The growth of chick embryo boby weight was affected as inhibiting by the Nicotine. The inhibiting effects were in proportion to the injected Nicotine dosage. 2. The growth quantity of the body weight injected 1.65mg was almost half weight of the control group body weight. 3. Growth rate was decreased continuously with tine until 18th day in the 1.65mg injected group but it was increased in 0.41mg and 0.82mg injected group with time lapse from 12th day to 18th day, and 0.41mg injected group was more increased than 0.82mg injected group. 4. Specific growth rate decreased in the all of 0.41mg, 0.82mg and 1.65mg injected group and in the decrease degree 1.65mg and 0.82mg injected group ware severe and 0.41mg injected group was slight. 5. Growth centers of growth gradient were 12th day in the 0.41mg injected group and 18th day in the 0.82mg and 1.65mg injected groups. 6. Relative growth rate was also decreased proportionally in related with injected Nicotine dosage.

류마티스성 승모판 협착증의 치료를 위한 경피적 승모판 성형술의 치료성적

김성은,조흥근,박성훈,박시훈 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1999 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.22 No.4

연구목적 : 류마티스성 승모판 협착증에 대한 유용한 치료법인 경피적 승모판 성형술의 본원의 단기 치료 성적을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 1993년 10월에서 1999년 4월까지의 이대목동병원에 내원한 류마티스성 승모판 협착증 환자 21명에서 투시조명 하에 경피적 승모판 성형술을 시행하였다. 시술전에 경흥부심초음파와 경식도초음파가 시행되었고, 시술후에는 경흉부초음파를 사용하여 혈역학적, 임상학적 변화를 비교하였다. 연구대상의 거의 모두가 NYHA class Ⅱ에 속했고, 5명이 심방세동을 가지고 있었으며, 모두 심초음파점수가 8이하였다. 좌심방에 혈전이 있는 경우로 혈전을 용해시킨 후 시술한 경우가 2예였다. 결과 : 경피적 승모판 성형술 이후의 평균 승모판구면적은 시술전의 1.16±0.36㎠에서 2.06±0.33㎠로 증가되었다. 경승모판 이완기 평균 압력차는 시술전 11.60±5.54mmHg에서 시술 후 4.93±2.53mmHg(p<0.001). 좌심방 크기는 46.41±14.66mm에서 42.03±15.01mm로(p=0.042), 그리고 심박출량은 4.21±1.25L/min에서 6.88±9.57L/min로(p<0.0001) 의미있는 호전을 보였다. 3도 이상의 심한 승모관폐쇄부전이나 심각한 시술후 합병증은 없었다. 결론 : 본원에서 약 6년간 시행된 경피적 승모판 성형술는 그 사례가 적고 시술전 예상되는 난이도 면에서 특이한 것은 없었지만, 시술후 합병증이 거의 발견되지 않았으며 혈역학적 측정상에서도 성공적인 시술을 보여주었다. 승모판구면적에 따른 시술후 단기내 호전의 정도는 거의 예측할 수 없었으나, 심초음파점수는 모두가 8점이하로 높은 성공율의 조건을 제공하였다. Objective : Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty(PMV) became a treatment modality or mitral stenosis because of its low morbidity, short hospital stay, and low cost. We reviewed clinical and hemodynamic results after PMV for the patients with mitral stenosis in Ewha Womans University Mokdong hospital. Methods : We compared the results of echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and clinical parameters before and after PMV. PMV was performed under fluoroscopic guidance in 21 patients(M:4, F:17, mean age 43±12 years) with mitral stenosis from October 1993 to April 1999. Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) and Transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) were performed for the evaluation of mitral valve, chamber size, and the presence of left atrial thrombus before procedures. TIE was also used for follow-up evaluation. On presentation, all patients showed at least NYHA class Ⅱ. Five patients had atrial fibrillation. Two patients with thrombus in the left atrium were included to study group after thrombolytic treatment with coumadin. Echo-score of our patients was not greater than 8. Results : Mean mitral valve area(MVA) by 2 dimensional or Doppler echocardiography was increased from 1.16±0.36㎠ before PMV to 2.06±0.33㎠ after PMV. There were marked improvements in transmitral gradients(11.60±5.54mmHg before PMV vs 4.93±2.53mmHg after PMV, p<0.001), left atrial dimension(46.41±14.66mm vs 42.03±15.01mm, p=0.042), and cardiac output(4.21±1.25L/min vs 6.88±9.57L/min, p<0.0001) following PMV, Severe(≥GⅢ) mitral insufficiency or severe postprocedural complications were not noted. This suggested that all procedure was successful. Conclusion : The Procedural success rate of PMV in Ewha Womans University Mokdong hospital was 100%. Low echo score of our patients might explain this high procedural success rate. Long-term-follow-up is warranted in the near future.