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比較憲法에 관한 硏究 : 民主主義國家의 憲法과 共産主義國家의 憲法을 中心으로
金水暎,黃革周,權光植,吳再煥,崔聖俊,金益鉉,金永休,王任東 朝鮮大學校 法政大學 1977 法政大論文集 Vol.4 No.-
This paper aims to make clear the fundamental differences between the constitutions of two political systems, constitutional democracy and communism. (1) Fundamental Human Rights The recognition and the protection of fundamental liberties are the essences of the political system of constitutional democacy. The reality of individual liberties is the only reliable criterion that differentiates the two political systems, since the institutional apparatus of both government, assemblies, elections, parties, bureaucracies have become stereotyped to the point of identity. Recognition or nonrecognition of fundemental guaranties are closely related to the ideological telos of either system. In the constitutional democracy they crystallize the supreme values of human self-realization and dignity. In the communist states they are denied legitimacy not only because they may function as foci of opposition against monolithic power but also because they could obstruct the ideology of economic planning under collectivism. The idelolgical foundation and functional purpose of classical fundamentalism underwent a fa -reaching transformation in the Marxian society. The Russian Revolution preaches and practices the primacy of the collectivity over the individual. Instesd of being "inalienable" interpreted as obligations of the state toward the laboring masses. The attitude of Marxism in the U.S.S.R. and the so-called "People's Democracies" toward fundamental liberties is altogether different. All constitutions in the Soviet orbit contain elaborate statements on fundamental rights of the citizens, characteristically coupled with provisions concerning their duties toword the state and the community. Civil liberties in the classical sense, which the constitution of communist states merely summarizes, are overshadowed by the new social and economic rights. The guaranty of the civil rights proper is hedged in by the rubber clause that they are guaranteed " in conformity with the interests of the working class" and "in order to strenghthen the socialist system". Especially political rights of the suffrage are converted into compulsory mass participation in the political process directed by the party hierarchy. And its single party (communist party)was the straight negation of all political liberty. (2) Patterns of Governament In the modern democratic-constitutional state the essence of the power process consists in the attempt to establish an equilibrium between the various competitive plural forces within in state society, with due regard to the free unfolding of the human personality. In communist state, social control and political power are monopolized by a single power holder, subordinating the individual to the ideological requirements of the group domination the state. The basic difference between the two political systema conists in whether, in the various stages of the governmental process, political power, is distributed among and shared by several independent power holders or whether political power is concentrated in and monoploized by a single power holder, be it an individual person, and assembly, or a party. Assembly government system revived in the Stalin constitution of 1936 in the U.S.S.R. from where it spread, after the Second World War, to all satellite states, as well as East Germany, Red China, North Korea. No communist state fails to conform to this standard pattern. Assembly government, by its own biological laws. easily transforms itself into a regime in which a single power holder exercises the monopoly of political power. This may well be the intrinsic reason for the communist preference. By necessity the communist state is a plice state. Another indispensable instrument of social control is the single party. The governmental techniques of a communist regime are necessarily authoritarian. But the regime does much more than exclude the power addressees from their legitimate share in the formation of the will of the state. It attempts to mold the private life, the soul, the spirit and the mores of the citizens to a dominant ideology that the various instrumentalities of the power process force on the non-conformists.
최영호,정관수,황금찬 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1983 논문집 Vol.15 No.2
In this paper, a stabilized oscillator is realized using a radio frequency amplifier and a SAW delay line which is fabricated on YZ-LiNbO₃by photolithography. A multimode oscillation around 50 MHz and a single mode oscillation at 50 MHz are obtained within the frequency range of the frequency response of SAW delay line.
정승호,김영근,황규왕,차영수 순천향대학교 1993 논문집 Vol.16 No.2
자외선에 대한 인체 피부의 민감도를 측정하는 방법으로 자외선이 인체 피부에 홍반을 발생시키는 것을 인지 할 수 있는 최소의 양, 즉 최소홍반량(Minimal Erythema Dose)이 널리 사용되어지고 있다. Fitzpatrick은 태양광선에 대한 피부의 반응에 의해 피부를 5가지 유형으로 분류했고(I-V), 이런 분류가 개개인의 최소홍반량에 대한 예측치로 사용되어져 왔으며, 여러 학자들에 의해 피부의 유형분류치가 증가할수록 최소홍반량은 증가하는 거승로 알려져 있다. 하지만, 각각의 피부 유형에 속하는 개개인의 최소홍반량을 매우 다양하기 때문에 이러한 피부 유형 분류가 개개인의 최소홍반량을 예측하는 것에는 사용 범위가 제한되어 있다. 저자들의 임삼 경헙에 의하여 한국인들에서 피부색과 자외선에의한 홍반의 다양한 정도가 현저한 차이가 있는 것으로 생각 되어지고 있어, 한국 성인에서 피부색과 자외선에 대한 반응의 다양성을 측정하고 이들 사이에서 상관관계를 측정하였다. 건강한 의과대학생 72명의 배부 피부에서 피부색과 개개인의 최소홍반량을 측정하였는데 평균은 64.5±21.6mJ/ct이였고, 피부색과 최소홍반량 사이에 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
이상윤,라병욱,박동수,황인헌,이덕동,신영남,박성배,이동욱,박용석,박형근,손상호,권태근,채경락,정경득 慶北大學校 自然科學大學 1986 自然科學論文集 Vol.4 No.-
An Ac-type Plasma Display Panel (PDP) operating with Ne-Ar(0.1%) Penning mixture gas is fabicated. The characterics of the panel with electrodes covered with thin and thick dielectric layers are studied. The brightness of the Neon-orange light emitted by the panel measured as function of applied voltage and frequency. As an application, a graphic display system equipped with PDP showing still and moving pictures is made.