Enhancing the Enzymatic Activity of the Multifunctional β-Glycosyl Hydrolase (Cel44C-Man26A_P558) from Paenibacillus polymyxa GS01 Using DNA Shuffling

강영민,강태호,윤한대,조계만,Kang, Young-Min,Kang, Tae-Ho,Yun, Han-Dae,Cho, Kye-Man The Microbiological Society of Korea 2012 미생물학회지 Vol.48 No.2

본 연구자들은 이전에 cellulase, xyalnase 및 lichenase의 다기능 효소활성을 지니는 절단된 Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$의 ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase를 보고하였다. 본 연구에서는 절단된 Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ 효소의 다기능성 ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase 활성을 증가시키기 위해 DNA shuffling을 시도하였다. DNA shuffling에 의해 단일변이(P438A)를 가진 M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$와 이중변이(A273T 및 P438A)를 가진 M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$를 얻었다. 이중변이를 가진 M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$은 단일변이를 가진 M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ 보다 효소활성이 낮게 나타났으나, M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$와 M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$은 대조구인 Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ 보다 약 1.3에서 2.2배 정도 높은 효소활성을 나타내었다. 특히, 단일변이를 가진 M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$는 대조구인 Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$보다 cellulase, xylanase 및 lichenase 효소활성이 약 1.5에서 2.2배 정도 높게 나타났다. ${\beta}$-Glycosyl hydrolase의 cellulase, linchenase 및 xylanase 최적 효소활성은 각각 pH 7.0, 7.0 및 6.0에서 이었다. 이러한 결과는, 아미노산 잔기인 Ala438이 다기능성 ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase 활성을 증가시키는 중요한 역할을 한다고 추정할 수 있다. We previously reported that the truncated Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase protein exhibits multifunctional activities, including cellulase, xylanase, and lichenase. DNA shuffling of the truncated Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ enzyme was performed to enhance the enzymatic activity of the multifunctional ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase. Two mutant enzymes, M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ that carries one mutation (P438A) and M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ that carries two mutations (A273T and P438A) were obtained. The enzymatic activity of the M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ double mutant was lower than enzymatic activity of the single mutant (M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$). However, both mutants displayed the enhancements in their enzyme activities that were ${\approx}1.3$- to 2.2-fold higher than the original enzymatic activity in Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$. In particular, the mutant M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ exhibited an approximate 1.5- to 2.2-fold increase in the cellulase, xylanase, and lichenase activities in comparison with the control (Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$). The optimum cellulase, linchenase, and xylanase activities of ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase were observed at pH 7.0, pH 7.0 and pH 6.0, respectively. These results, therefore, suggest that the amino acid residue Ala438 plays important roles in the enhancement of the activity of multifunctional ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase.

밝은社會運動의 時代的 當爲性과 基本精神

朴淳永,申大淳,趙萬濟 慶熙大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

The tasks of today's human society are 1) to preserve nature, 2) to create the sound social climate, 3) to construct human rehabitation and 4) to materialize the world peace with the human family spirit. The Bright Society Movement, acting up to such historical needs, is extending worldwidely. Following are the necessities of the times; 1) the population increase, the excessive urbanization and industrialization cause pollution to break the things of nature and to further intimidate human life. For that reason, the world-wide movement is urgently needed to protect the nature and revive her functions. 2) Materials are the necessary condition for man's life; nevertheless, the tendency spreads around the world to value more seriously materials than man. Machines and tools must be utilized for only man's convenience. It is our present mission to enhance human value and construct a society which is good to live. 3) As for human relationship, humanity and familiarity among neighbors grow more sterile. Recovering humanity in our society, we'll have to lead an intimate life with out neighbors as if a family, and all human beings ought to keep good relations one another under the awareness that we are all brothers. Since the world is becoming a global community, people in this community can not help co-operating one another. 4) The gradual increase of the number of modern people who take the passive and negative attitude in life, and antagonism between individuals, groups, races, and nations which most frequently results in war; these phenomena are typical of modern society. We should make every effort to induce people to take an active, positive attitude and cast away such antagonism. 5) Individualism and egoism for common prosperity. The solution is to place great emphasis collaboration and the basis for modern society are the main factors to destroy the social collaboration and the basis for common prosperity. The solution is to place great emphasis upon human education so as to make the habit of servicespirit. The Bright Society Movement, in accordance with these historical and social demands, takes as its motto Good will, Cooperation and Service―Contribution. 1. Good Will The spirit of Good Will is not only the native love made between friendly persons but the mental basis for human life. First, filial piety is the most important in the life of Good Will. Only a man, who is dutiful to his parents, can be a leader and do his best for society. Second, Good Will is beautiful love between husband and wife. For it is next to impossible without beautiful love to become the most intimate couple from two strangers. Third, Good Will is the love between parents and children. It is true love without any condition. Forth, Good Will is spirit of keeping friendly contact with neighbors. Such spirit is to help mutually, feel grateful, and live loving neighbors as if relatives. 2. Cooperation Cooperation is an essential principle to form human society. All beings in the universe keep inter-relation through the organic cooperative system with their environments. Man can yield greater results by mean of cooperation. A family can be happy when they collaborate one another; every member of a society is able to achieve their aims through their mutual cooperation. The Bright Society Club can construct human cooperative society as well, when it is possible to create the systematic cooperative relationship between unit clubs, federations, regional centres, national centres, and international centre. 3. Service-Contribution Service is man's natural behavior to contribute himself and the development of human beings. Everything with me is what is obtained from others, not what I produce by myself. Service means to reward everyone for what I have received. The society which consists of those who are willing to service each other; only that society can provide for proper opportunity to be compensated. Fruitful life does not lie in good health and materials. Really valuable Life is with helping others. Life, filled with Good Will, Cooperation, and Service-Contribution, must grow into a habit of everyman so as to be a guiding principle in his life. Now, the basic directions of unit club for the Bright Society Movement are as follows; 1. Leading role of unit clubs; Centering around unit clubs, Bright Society Movement is expanded. 2. Systematic relations of club structure; each unit club keeps organic relationship mutually. 3. Regional and functional unit clubs; unit clubs are formed on the basis of pecularities of regions or functions. When all human beings understand the historical and social missions and participate in the Bright Society Movement positively, we'll be able to creat earlier human cooperative society which is good to live.

부산지역 무균성 뇌막염 원인 바이러스의 분리 및 동정 : 1998년을 중심으로

김영희,정영기,김기순,지영미,윤재득,김병준,구평태,민상기,정구영,김만수,조경순 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.1

The incidence of aseptic meningitis infection is ensuing and threatening the health of children. Enteroviruses are the major agents of aseptic meningitis and identification of virus has been a clue to diagnosis and epidemiology. The outbreak of aseptic meningitis occurred in Pusan, 1998. Patients were concentrated from April through November. Children were more susceptible than adults. Among 306 cases of specimens from stool, throat swab tested, only 7.2% were positive on virus isolation, 12 cases from stool and 10 from throat, respectively. All isolated 7 serotypes of viruses represented cytopathic effect on cultured cells. Three types of echovirus 6, 25, 30 and coxsackievirus B2, B3, B4, B6 were identified by neutralizing anti body test. Isolated coxsackievirus and echovirus were observed by an electron microscope with negative staining.

진공열간가압성형 (VHP) 법 및 압출로 제조한 SiCp/Al 및 SiCp/2024Al 복합재료의 동적탄성계수와 감쇄능 (내부마찰) : 금속기 복합재료의 동적탄성계수 및 감쇄능 측정

김영만,조기현,이경민,홍성길 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1999 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.37 No.9

To shorten the processes of MMC fabrication, a number of techniques are being studied. In this study, a new process for MMC's fabrication was developed utilizing vacuum hot pressing and subsequent extrusion. MMC's with pure Al and 2024Al matrices reinforced with various volume fractions of SiC particulates were produced at 400℃ by vacuum hot pressing(VHP), followed by direct extrusion with extrusion ratios of 10:1 at 480℃ at constant ram speed of 2㎜/sec. The effects of extrusion pressure and relative density according to the volume fractions of the reinforcement were compared with the resultant metallurgical microstructures. Young's moduli of the manufactured composites were measured by the sonic resonance method, damping capacity by free decay method. Measured Young's moduli of the composites at room temperature were compared with the predictions based on Rule of Mixtures, Halpin-Tsai and Mean-field models. Measured Young's moduli of the composites are in good agreement with the predictions based on Mean-field model. The composites reinforced with finer particles showed higher damping capacity under the same amount of SiC reinforcement.

그레이브스병에서 치료에 따른 폐동맥압의 변화

남택만,조한수,이진서,송영림,김두만,두영철,박철영,정인경,홍은경,이성진,오기원,김현규,유재명,최문기,유형준,박성우 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.5

연구배경: 갑상선기능항진증에 의한 갑상선중독증 환자들은 호흡곤란을 호소하며, 그 원인으로 호흡근의 근력 약화, 좌심실부전으로 인한 폐모세혈관의 울혈, 기도저항의 증가, 갑상선종으로 인한 기관의 압박, 호흡기능 이상 등이 거론되고 있다. 폐동맥고혈압이 동반된 그레이브스병 환자가 여러 증례가 보고되었으며, 폐동맥고혈압 환자에게서 갑상선 자가항체와 갑상선기능저하증의 빈도가 높음이 알려지면서 갑상선중독증이 동반된 그레이브스병 환자에게서 관찰되는 호흡곤란의 한 원인으로 폐동맥압 증가가 작용할 가능성이 제시되고 있다. 이에 저자 등은 그레이브스병 환자를 대상으로 폐동맥압을 측정하고 치료 전후의 폐동맥압의 변화를 전향적으로 연구하였다. 방법: 갑상선중독증이 동반된 그레이브스병 환자와 정상 갑상선기능을 나타낸 대조군을 대상으로 갑상선기능검사 및 갑상선 자가항체를 측정하고, 심초음파를 이용하여 치료 전후로 폐동맥압을 측정하여 폐동맥압과 갑상선기능 및 갑상선 자가항체와의 관계, 폐동맥압의 변화 등을 관찰하였다. 결과: 1. 연구대상은 대조군 10명 (남녀비 1:9, 관해 상태의 그레이브스병 3명, 갑상선종 3명, 정상인 4명), 그레이브스병 환자 26명 (남녀비 7:19)이었다. 2. 대조군과 치료 전 그레이브스병 환자의 폐동맥압은 각각 23.5±2.32 mmHg, 29.6±10.3 mmHg이었고, 치료 전의 폐동맥압과 혈청 갑상선자극호르몬 결합억제 면역글로불린 (TBII) 농도는 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 3. 26명의 그레이브스병 환자 중에서 10명 (38.5%)이 폐동맥고혈압 (기준: 폐동맥압 > 30 mmHg)으로 진단되었다. 4. 치료 전후로 폐동맥압을 측정한 13명은 폐동맥압이 치료 전 29.6±10.3 mmHg에서 치료 후 폐동맥압 22.2±6.48 mmHg로 의미있게 감소하였다. 결론: 갑상선중독증을 보이는 그레이브스병 환자의 약 40% 정도에서 폐동맥고혈압이 발견되어 폐동맥고 혈압은 그레이브스병에 흔하게 동반하는 질환으로 생각된다. 향후 그레이브스병 환자에서 관찰되는 폐동맥압의 증가와 관련한 병인, 발생기전 및 임상적 의의 등에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background: Exertional symptoms, dyspnea and impaired effort tolerance are common in patients with Graves' disease. Proposed explanations include: high-output left heart failure, ineffective oxygen utilization and respiratory muscle weakness. In addition, pulmonary hypertension has also been reported in patients with Graves' disease. A high prevalence of hypothyroidism and positive thyroid autoantibody were also observed in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Therefore, the pulmonary artery pressure in patients with Graves' disease was evaluated. Methods: Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examinations (Hewlett Packard Sonos 2500) were performed to determine the pulmonary artery (PA) pressure in 26 Graves' disease patients, both before and after treatment (23 patients with propylthiouracil and 3 with RAI), and in 10 euthyroid controls. The changes in the PA pressure after treatment were evaluated in 13 patients with Graves' disease, who became euthyroid after treatment. Results: The pulmonary artery pressure was increased in the untreated Graves' disease patients compared to the normal controls (23.5±2.32 vs. 29.6±10.3 mmHg). 38.5% of the Graves' disease patients (10/26) showed pulmonary arterial hypertension (PA>30 mmHg) and the serum TBII level was higher in the Graves' disease patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension than in those with normal PA pressure (P<0.05). In the Graves' patients who became euthyroid after treatment, the PA pressure was significantly decreased. Conclusion: 38.5% of the untreated Graves' disease patients showed pulmonary arterial hypertension, and the pulmonary artery pressure was significantly decreased in those who became euthyroid after treatment. The pathogenesis and clinical importance of pulmonary arterial hypertension in Graves' disease requires further studies (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 18:465∼472, 2003).

후천성 이중 유문 1예

정규성,조기섭,정재용,조영호,민영돈,박찬국,김만우 조선대학교 1994 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.19 No.1

Double pyrolus, one of the relatively rare anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract, is a fistulous communication between the gastric antrum and the duodenal bulb. The first case of a double Pylorus was reported in 1969 by Smith, since then several cases have been reported. Recently, as the frequency of examining upper gastrointestinal series and endoscopy increases, it occurs more frequently and a few cases have been described in our country. According to the reports previously published, it resulted only from cysts, diverticla, atresia, band, membrane malformation of the pylorus, however, it might be also caused by penetration, complication of peptic ulcer. We report a case of double pylorus in a 67-year old man with prolonged administration of corticostetoids due to lumbago who has complained epigastric pain which was confirmed by endoscopy and biopsy.

용접공들의 면역능에 관한 연구

이수일,조봉수,김영욱,고광욱,조원근,김영실,강수용,황인경,조병만,김돈균 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The authors examined human immunity indicators such as CD4, CD8, Natural Killer(NK) cell, IgG, IgA, and IgM, and heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cd to evaluate the health hazard of welders. We selected total 126 male subjects, 60 welders who had more than 5 year working history as an exposure group, and 66 office workers and medical college students as a control group. This immunity evaluation approach is the first newly designed study that has never been tried in past studies on welder's heath evaluation. And the results were as follows. 1. Total lymphocyte count of peripheral blood was significantly higher in welder group, 2,615±650 ea/㎕ compared with 2,368±681 ea/㎕ in control group(p>0.05). 2. The proportion of CD4, CD8, NK cell in welder group was 37.5±9.4%, 24.0±8.8%, and 21.0±9.5%, respectively, and 35.5±6.5%, 25.0±6.9%, and 19.6±8.8% in control group. CD4 and NK cell were slightly higher, and CD8 was slightly lower in welder group. but there was no statistical significance between two groups(p≥0.05). 3. IgG, IgA, and IgM in welder group were 15.9㎎/㎗, 2.7㎎/㎗ and 1.5㎎/㎗, respectively, and 15.6㎎/㎗, 2.9㎎/㎗ and 1.7㎎/㎗ in control group. There was no statistical significance between two groups(p≥0.05). 4. Blood lead, cadmium and chromium concentrations were 4.2±1.8㎍/㎗, 0.4±0.38㎍/㎗, 1.2±0.6㎍/㎗ in welder group and 3.2±1.7㎍/㎗, 0.44±0.29㎍/㎗, 1.1±0.6㎍/㎗ in control group, respectively, and these value were within normal ranges.

스포츠參加者의 Lifestyle에 관한 要因分析

조재호,조만태,안영필 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 1992 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this study is to apply and test lifestyle concept in the field of sports behavior research. The AIO(Activities, Interests, and Opinions) approach is used to operationalize the lifestyle concept. Questionnaires containing 63 AIO statements are admistered to a total 600 members of a private sport club in Busan. 452 usable questionnaires were returned, resulting in a response rate of 75.3%. The sampling was chosen by the stratified random sampling Method. Analysis Method was used factor analysis to identify. The overall structure of club member's lifestyle the main result of the study : There exist eight factors representing dimensions of club member's lifestyle, there are named as sensitive of fashion, preference of Brend, Achievement, stability directed, self-confidence, Nihilism, Health-Conscious, self-affirmative.

알코올 및 인삼액이 CPK-isoenzyme에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

조만희,차영덕 순천향대학교 1991 논문집 Vol.14 No.2

Correlation of alcohol, and ginseng with both CPK and CPK isoenzyme had been measured in S. D. rats. This study was investigated th changes of both CPK and CPK isoenzyme by alcohol and gineseng administration. The S. D. rats were classified with four groups : 20% ethanol-treated group(Group A), 1% ginseng-treated group which was pretreated with 30% enthanol(Group B), 1% genseng-treated group which was pretyreated with 40% ethanol(Group C), and both 1% ginseng and 30% ethanol-treated group(Group D). Then, enzyme activities such as CPK, CPK isoenzyme had been measured in serum, hepatic, and renal tissue. The descriptions were based on the analyses of samples collected by 10 days interval for 50 days. The following results were obtained. 1. The changes of serum CPK were increased in ethanol-treated group, decreased in both ginseng and ethanol-treated group during total experimental periods. 2. The significant changes of the hepatic and renal CPK had not been monitored during total experimental periods. 3. The patterns of CPK-MM in serum, and liver were increased in ethanol-treated group, decreased in both ethanol and ginseng-treated group, others such as CPK-MB and CPK-BB were not significantly changed. 4. The patterns of CPK isoenzyme in kidney were not significantly changed during total experimental periods. 5. There was a statistical significance in correlation between renal CPK-BB and renal CPK-MM. Based on these result, it suggested that serum CPK and it's isozyme, MM subunit, in both serum and liver tissue were controlled by the administration of ginseng, whereas in both liver and kidney CPK activities and it's isozyme, MM and BB subunit, were not controlled. But it leaves the mechan'sm still unsolved and a study toward better understanding needs to be followed.

스포츠 가치의식에 영향을 미치는 스포츠의식에 관한 연구

조재호,조만태,안영필 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 1998 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The emergence of a new phenomenon called sports value consciousness and its diversification make itself a meaningful research task, in that it demands a change of healthy human consciousness according to various social structures. The present study, therefore, aims to establish a reasonable standard of sports value consciousness as well as a new social system of value paradigms regarding all sports phenomena by revealing the consciousness patterns and related factors affecting the sports value consciousness sports activities. For this purpose, 533 subjects were chosen by the systematic stratified cluster random sampling method from among the population of athletes and leaders in high schools and universities in Pusan as of 1997. The questionnaire for this research was adopted from the studies of Niwa (1985), Uesugi (1987, 1990), Kusaka (1988), and Asanuma (1990). The original inquiry items underwent two preparatory tests for the judgment of validity and reliability before actual administration. The entire data went through χ²test, discriminant analysis to minimize Wilk's λ. The following conclusions were made from this study: 1. As to sports consciousness, the more educated and the older one was, the more one was likely to develop Recreation (or Secular) orientation. 2. Concerning sports value consciousness, the tendency toward Ascetic and Agon orientation was stronger when one was older, more schooled or one's parents had specialized occupation. As a differentiation of sports value consciousness, 60.5% belonged to Ascetic orientation, 39.5% Agon orientation, 90.6% Leisure (or Play) orientation, and 9.4% Recreation orientation. 3. In the relationship between sports consciousness and sports sense of value, such factors as the principles of discipline, training, continutiy, spiritualism, development, and concentration affected Ascetic of Agon orientation. In addition, the factors or principles of development, spiritualism, and focus on sports had an influence on Leisure or Recreation orientation.