Study on the Elastic Characteristics of Living Cells using Atomic Force Microscope Indentation Technique

Eun-Young Kwon,Young-Tae Kim,Dae-Eun Kim 한국트라이볼로지학회 2006 KSTLE International Journal Vol.7 No.1

In this work, imaging and study of elastic property of the living cell was performed. The motivation of this work was to seek the possibility of exploiting Young’s modulus as a disease indicator using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and also to gain fundamental understanding of cell mechanics for applications in medical nanorobots of the future. L-929 fibroblast adherent cell was used as the sample. Imaging condition in cell culturing media environment was done in very low speed (20 μm/s) compared to that in the ambient environment. For measuring the Young’s modulus of the living cell, AFM indentation method was used. From the force-distance curve obtained from the indentation experiment the Young’s modulus could be derived using the Hertz model. The Young’s modulus of living L-929 fibroblast cell was 1.29 ± 0.2 kPa.

Study on the Elastic Characteristics of Living Cells using Atomic Force Microscope Indentation Technique

Kwon Eun-Young,Kim Young-Tae,Kim Dae-Eun Korean Tribology Society 2006 KSTLE International Journal Vol.7 No.1

In this work, imaging and study of elastic property of the living cell was performed. The motivation of this work was to seek the possibility of exploiting Young's modulus as a disease indicator using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and also to gain fundamental understanding of cell mechanics for applications in medical nanorobots of the future. L-929 fibroblast adherent cell was used as the sample. Imaging condition in cell culturing media environment was done in very low speed ($20{\mu}m/ s$) compared to that in the ambient environment. For measuring the Young's modulus of the living cell, AFM indentation method was used. From the force-distance curve obtained from the indentation experiment the Young's modulus could be derived using the Hertz model. The Young's modulus of living L-929 fibroblast cell was $1.29{\pm}0.2$ kPa.

AFM indentation 기법을 이용한 세포의 탄성특성에 관한 연구

권은영(Eun-Young Kwon),김영태(Young-Tae Kim),김대은(Dae-Eun Kim) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2006 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.6

In this work, imaging and investigation of elastic property of the living cell was performed. The motivation of this work was to seek the possibility of exploiting Young's modulus as a disease indicator using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and also to gain fundamental understanding of cell mechanics for applications in medical nanorobots of the future. L-929 fibroblast adherent cell was used as the sample. Imaging condition in cell culturing media environment was done in very low speed(20 ㎛/s) compare to that in ambient environment. For measuring the Young's modulus of the living cell, AFM indentation method was used. From the force-distance curve obtained from the indentation experiment the Young's modulus could be derived using the Hertz model. The Young's modulus of living L-929 fibroblast cell was 1.29 ± 0.2 kPa.

Factors associated with the risk of colorectal neoplasia in young adults under age 40

Ilsoo Kim,Han Hee Lee,Young Jae Ko,Ho Eun Chang,Dae Young Cheung,Bo-In Lee,Young-Seok Cho,Jin Il Kim,Myung-Gyu Choi 대한내과학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.37 No.5

Background/Aims: Recent epidemiologic studies have shown a continued increase in colorectal cancer incidence among younger adults. Little is known about the factors that contribute to the development of young-onset colorectal neoplasia (CRN). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed for individuals younger than 40 years who underwent colonoscopy in Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital and its affiliated health screening center. High-risk CRN was defined as adenoma or sessile serrated lesion ≥ 10 mm, with three or more adenomas, villous histology, high grade dysplasia, or carcinoma. Results: Of these 13,621 included participants, 2,023 (14.9%) had one and more CRN. Young patients with CRN tended to be elderly, male, obese, smoker, having a habit of drinking, and having comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, obesity, smoking status, and alcohol intake, old age (odds ratio [OR], 1.086; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.054 to 1.119), male sex (OR, 1.748; 95% CI, 1.247 to 2.451), obesity (OR, 1.439; 95% CI, 1.133 to 1.828), and smoking (OR, 1.654; 95% CI, 1.287 to 2.127) were independent risk factors for overall CRN. Obesity and smoking as two modifiable factors increased the risk for high-risk CRN even more than for overall CRN (OR, 1.734; 95% CI, 1.168 to 2.575 and OR, 1.797; 95% CI, 1.172 to 2.753, respectively). Conclusions: Obesity and smoking were modifiable risk factors for CRN in young adults. They increased the risk for highrisk CRN even more than for overall CRN. A colonoscopy might be beneficial for young individuals with these factors.

Communication, Argumentation and Relevance

Dae-Young Kim 한국언어학회 2014 언어 Vol.39 No.4

Kim, Dae-Young. 2014. Communication, Argumentation and Relevance. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 39-4, 719-748. The purpose of this paper is to argue that a theory of argumentation can be incorporated into a theory of communication (i.e. Relevance Theory). Whereas argumentation is the process of justifying something in an organized or a logical way, which is composed of one or more claims and shows one or more grounds for maintaining them, communication is sharing communicators’ intentions. A speaker’s conveying of his intention to hearer is to create an effect in the hearer’s mind. Two pragmatic theories, Relevance Theory (henceforth RT) and argumentation theory (henceforth AT) are involved in this approach, which is based on the position that communication is always accompanied with argumentation. However, RT has been more focused on explaining how the utterance is interpreted by the hearer, not how argumentation is performed. For this reason, this approach presented here argues for the needs to extend the scope of RT’s application. This integrated approach within a single principle of relevance ultimately contributes to pursuing a more economic and coherent explanation of argumentation. (Jeonju University)

地下空洞의 安定性 解析을 爲한 岩盤特性 係數間의 關係와 入力資料補正에 關한 硏究

安大榮,崔榮天 尙志大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

R.Q.D. and seismic velocity is known as the most reasonable data among the given datum in numercal representation of rock mass quality index. R.Q.D. represents frequency of fissures, while fissures of bedrock bring about some decrease in velocity and young modules related to rock mass. According we discuss about the relation between R.Q.D. and characteristic parameters such as Velocity, Velocity index, Joint frequency young modules and ratio. We give a conclusion that the relation is nearly given by a linear equation as follows. 1) The relation between R.Q.D(Q) and velocity(V) is showed a linear equation R=33.4(V-2.5), and its velocity index(VF/VL)2 is not always 1:1. 2) The relation between R.Q.D and modules ratio(Er/Erab) can be represented the equation Er/Erab 2 Cro 32, R.Q.D-2.22. 3) The ratio between compress strength and youn's modules can be showed the range of 1:380, and young's modules in granodiorite is given the range of 1.91 4.51. 4) The compress strength(Qc) by the means of point load index[Is(v)] can be represented the equation Qc=15.6+Is(50).

비만증 환자에서 한약제에 의한 체중 감소효과

Oh, Seung-Joon,Jeong, In-Kyung,Kim, Young-Seol,Choi, Young-Kil,Paeng, Jeong-Ryung,Bae, Jung-Hwan,Shin, Hyun-Dae 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Seung-Joon Oh, In-Kyung Jeong, Young-Seol Kim, Young-Kil Choi, Jeong-Ryung Paeng¹, Jung-Hwan Bae and Hyun-Dae Shin²Department of internal Medicine, College Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute¹. Department of Rehabilitation, College of Oriental Medicine², Seoul, korea. Bady Fat Reduction Effects of Red Ginseng Compound Preparation on the Patients with Obesity. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 244-254, 1999.-Obesity can be defined as a metabolic disease due to an increased state of fat tissues caused by an imbalance of calorie intake and use. Recently, in Korea by improvement and westernization of food intake, along with decrease in exercise activities, the prevalence of obesity has increased greatly. Our objectives were to study stability and effects of decrease in body fat by administering red ginseng compound preparation (known to have body fat decreasing effects in laboratory animals) to obesity patients on low calorie diets. Changes in weight and body fat were measured while carrying out calorie-restricted diets on patients for 4 weeks, then administering red ginseng compound preparation for another 4 weeks. The patients were 20 people whose BMI were 25kg/㎡ or over and whose percent body fat was also 30% or over when tested by bioelectrical conductivity. 1. Changes in weight were from 70.04kg(base line) to 67.43kg(after taking red ginseng compound preparation). 2. In similar sense, BMI decreased from 27.12kg/㎡(base line) to 26.56kg/㎡(after dieting), and further to 26.01kg/㎡ (after taking red ginseng compound preparation). The BMI seemed to decrease significantly compared to the baseline after the use of red ginseng compound. 3. Waist hip ratio was changed from 0.8858(base line) to 0.8728, but it was statistically insignificant. 4. The percent body fat was 35,16%(base line), 33.87%(after dieting), and 31.68%(after taking red ginseng compound preparation). 5. Complete blood cell count and blood chemisrty remained unaffected by the administration. 6. In concern to endocrinologic studies, T3 decreased from 118.7 to 98.2ng/dL, and T4 increased from 8.8 to 9.2㎕/ dL. Epinephrine showed a tendency to decreased from 0.27 to 0.25 ng/mL, and norepinephrine increased from 0.39 to 0.44ng/mL. 7. Leptin was not changed. 8. Some patients complained adverse effects; constipation(5 patients, may be due to diet therapy), fatigue (2 patients), pruritus(2 patients), flushing(s patients), dizziness(3 patients) and epigastric discomfort(2 patients). However their symptoms were mild, so medication did not stopped. In conclusion, loss of weight without significant side effects was observed during low calorie diet and red ginseng compound preparation administration. This is thought to be in relation to sympathetic nerve system rather than adrenal gland. Also, further long0term studies should be required, since the observed results were based on short-term changes in weight.

여성 연소노인의 지각연령에 따른 사회무용 지도자 선호에 대한 연구

정문미(Jung, Moon Mi),원영신(Won, Young Shin),고대선(Ko, Dae Sun) 한국노년학회 2010 한국노년학 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구는 여성 연소노인의 사회 인구학적 특성에 따른 지각연령의 차이를 알아보고 지각연령이 사회무용 지도자 선호에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 데 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 서울지역 소재 노인교육기관(노인교실, 노인대학, 노인학교, 노인복지회관, 사회복지회관, 대학부설 평생교육원 및 사회교육원, 종교기관 등)에서 사회무용 프로그램에 참여한 경험이 있는 여성 연소노인을 모집단으로 설정한 다음, 유의표본표집법을 이용하여 450명의 연구대상을 표집하였으며, 불성실하게 응답한 자료를 제외하고 총 428명의 자료를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS Windows 15.0 version을 이용하여 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 카이검정, 독립표본 t-test, 일원분산분석, 이항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 사회 인구학적 특성에 따른 지각연령은 역연령, 교육수준에 있어서 지각연령 하위요인(보이는 연령, 느끼는 연령, 관심사 연령, 활동 연령) 모두에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 또한 결혼유지 상태는 관심사 연령과 느끼는 연령, 경제수준은 보이는 연령, 관심사 연령, 느끼는 연령에 있어서만 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 사회 인구학적 특성에 따른 사회무용 지도자 선호는 교육수준에 있어서 사회무용 지도자 선호 하위특성(성별, 연령, 교육수준, 전공경력) 모두에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 또한 역연령은 지도자의 전공경력을 제외, 경제수준은 지도자의 성별을 제외한 모든 사회무용 지도자 선호 하위특성에 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 결혼유지 상태는 지도자의 교육수준에 있어서만 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 지각연령이 사회무용 지도자 선호에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 지각연령의 하위 요소 중 보이는 연령만이, 사회무용 지도자 선호하위특성 중 전공경력을 제외한 성별(B=.458), 연령(B=.483), 교육수준(B=.76) 모두에 유의한 정적(+) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to examine the demographic characteristics of the female young-old to their self-perceived age and the impact of their self-perceived age on preference for a social dance instructor. The subjects in this study were 450 women who were selected by purposive sampling from a population of the female young-old who had ever participated in social dance programs in senior education institutions senior class, senior college, senior shool, Senior welfare center, social welfare center, university, school of lifelong education, religion community) in Seoul. After a survey was conducted, the answer sheets from 428 respondents were analyzed except some incomplete ones. As for data handling, a SPSS Windows Ver. 15.0 program was employed, and a frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, pearson chi-square, independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA and binary-logistic regression were utilized. The findings of the study were as follows: First, self-perceived age by social population characteristics shows significant difference in all lower factors of self-perceived age(Look age, Feel age, Interest age, Do age) as chronological age, education level. Also, the marriage status shows significant difference only in interest age and feel age, the economic level shows only in look age, interest age and feel age. Second, the social dance instructor preference by social population characteristics shows significant difference in the all lower facts of social dance coaches preference(gender, age, education level, instructor career) up to educational level. Also, chronological age without the instructor career, economic level without instructor gender show the significant difference in the lower facts of all social dance instructor preference. Also, marriage status shows the significant difference in the educational level of the instructor. Third, the analysis of the influence of self-perceived age on the instructor preference shows all gender(B=.458), age(B=.483) and educational lever(B=.76) without career were influenced in significant (+) way.

Effects of Humidity on the Microstructure and the Ferroelectric Properties of Sol-Gel grown P(VDF-TrFE) Films

Young Joon Ko,진다운,Dae Sol Kong,Jong Hoon Jung 한국물리학회 2020 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.76 No.4

We report the microstructure and the ferroelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] films grown under various humidity conditions and synthesis times by using a sol-gel method. When the synthesis time under a humid condition was short (approximately 30 min), the moisture in the environment affected only the surface morphology without any loss of ferroelectricity for the P(VDF-TrFE) films. In contrast, when the synthesis time was long (approximately 90 min), the moisture strongly affected the microstructure and the ferroelectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE). The transparent P(VDF-TrFE) film became opaque at high humidity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed numerous pores on the surface of and inside the film. The pores reduced the Young's modulus considerably from 4.15 to 0.97 GPa for the films grown at 20 and 80% relative humidity, respectively. In addition, the ferroelectric hysteresis loop disappeared at humidities above 60%. This work provides upper limits for the humidity and the synthesis time for the growth of high-quality P(VDF-TrFE) films by using a sol-gel method.

충청지방에서 발생한 한국형출혈열 54예의 임상적 고찰

이종대,조항복,박붕연,심우익,신영태,김선영 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1985 충남의대잡지 Vol.12 No.2

In Dae Jeon Eul-Ji General Hospital, activated since 1581, 54 patients with Korean Hemorrhagic Fever Who were all positive for Korea antigen were observed from January, 1981 to December, 1984. Epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory findings, complications and clinical course in Korean Hemorrhagic Fever were analyzed. The results were as follows: 1. The most prevalent area was OK-Chun Kun. 2. The peak incidence of age was fifth decade and male to female ratio was 2:1. 3. The peak incidence was November to December. 4. The most frequent symptomes were epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting and followed by hemsturia. 5. Conservative treatment was done and hemodialysis was performed in 19 patients without death.