도인승기탕에 의한 당뇨병성 혈관장애 개선효과

이윤정,김언국,김혜윰,윤정주,이소민,이용표,이건목,강대길,이호섭,Lee, Yun Jung,Kim, Eon Kuk,Kim, Hye Yoom,Yoon, Jung Joo,Lee, So Min,Lee, Yong-Pyo,Lee, Geon Mok,Kang, Dae Gill,Lee, Ho Sub 대한한의학방제학회 2013 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

Objectives : Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause for vascular complications such as atherosclerosis. The present study is to investigate whether Doinseunggi-tang (DST) improves diabetic vascular dysfunction in type II diabetes. Methods : The db/db mice were treated with high fat/high cholesterol diet and DST (200 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Results : DST significantly lowered blood glucose and systolic blood pressure. In addition, DST also markedly decreased total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol, whereas increased the HDL-cholesterol. Vascular relaxation of aortic rings by acetylcholine or SNP was ameliorated by DST in a dose-dependent manner. Damage of vascular intima and hypertrophic of media was improved by DST. Immunohistological study revealed that DST attenuated the increase of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and ET-1 expression in thoracic aorta. Conclusions : Taken together, DST suppressed hyperglycemia and diabetic vascular dysfunction in type II db/db mice. The present data suggests that Doinseunggi-tang may be prevent a development of diabetic atherosclerosis.

고지혈증 동물모델에서 홍삼과 천마 혼합투여에 의한 혈관 염증 개선연구

이윤정,김혜윰,윤정주,이소민,고정현,이호섭,최경민,강대길,Lee, Yun-Jung,Kim, Hye-Yoom,Yoon, Jung-Joo,Lee, So-Min,Kho, Joung-Hyun,Lee, Ho-Sub,Choi, Kyung-Min,Kang, Dae-Gill 대한한의학방제학회 2012 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Objectives : This experimental study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of combination with Korean red ginseng and Gastrodia rhizoma on vascular dysfunction in high-fat/cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with 7.5% cocoa butter and 1.25% cholesterol for 10 weeks, with Panax ginseng (PG), and mixtures of Panax ginseng and Gastrodia rhizoma (PGM), respectively. Results : Chronic treatment with PG and PGM significantly decreased body weight. The aortic expression of cell adhesion molecules such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin were markedly increased in hyperlipidemia rats. Interestingly, PGM significantly decreased cell adhesion molecules expression. However, there was no significant decrease in PG group. In addition, PG and PGM group inhibited high-fat/cholesterol diet-induced cytokine such as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) mRNA expression. Furthermore, PG and PGM group significantly decreased c-reactive protein protein (CRP) level. Especially, PGM significantly accentuated the decrease of MCP-1 mRNA expression and CRP level. Conclusions : the present study provides an evidence that combination with Panax ginseng and Gastrodia rhizoma enhances anti-vascular protective effects through suppression of vascular inflammation in hyperlipidemic rats.

위눈꺼풀 성형술 후 눈꺼풀계측치의 변화

이윤정,강일봉,김준현,Yoon Jung Lee,Il Bong Kang,Joon Hyun Kim 대한안과학회 2007 대한안과학회지 Vol.48 No.3

Purpose: To evaluate the morphological changes in the external eyes after upper blepharoplasty. Methods: Twenty-six eyes of 13 patients undergoing upper blepharoplasty from May 2002 to May 2003 were selected. All surgeries were performed by one surgeon. MRD1, MRD2, interpalpebral fissure height, and levator function test were each measured twice, and the averages were calculated. Likewise, significant changes were checked before and after the operation. The subjects were divided into two groups. For group A (n=12), a double line suture was stitched at the levator aponeurosis, which was directly superior to the tarsal plate. In group B (n=14) the suture was stitched at a levator aponeurosis 3 mm superior to tarsal plate. The delta levator function (postoperative mean levator function minus preoperative mean levator function) measurements were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results: The MRD1 was 2.04±0.75 (mean±SD) before the operation, and 2.0±0.81 after the operation. MRD2 was 5.23±0.75 before the operation, 5.35±0.54 after operation. Interpalpebral fissure height was 7.27±0.38 before the operation and 7.35±0.63 after the operation. There were no statistically significant factors before and after the operation in MRD1, MRD2 and interpalpebral fissure height. The levator function was 14.04±1.80 before versus 16.19±1.58 after. This increase was statistically significant (p<0.01, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). The delta levator function was 1.58±0.90 for group A and 1.96±1.36 for group B. Conclusions: After upper blepharoplasty, the measurement of levator function increased significantly.

건강가정지원센터의 교육사업 담당 건강가정사의 직무와 역량에 관한 연구

이윤정,Lee, Yoon-Jung 한국가족자원경영학회 2008 가족자원경영과 정책 Vol.12 No.4

The aims of this article were to examine the basic law, contents and concept of educational program for healthy family and provide the jobs and competency of healthy family supporter for educational work. The research objects were 53 healthy family supporters for educational work inclusive of full-time and part-time position. They was analyzed through the survey. The process of research consisted of two parts. One was to suggest their jobs and requirements, the other were to offer their core competency and area for improvement. First, the jobs of healthy family supporters for educational work were the planning and valuation of program. The requirements for the performance of their duties are having a bachelor's degree or a master's degree, career for 1-3years, and a certificate of qualification of healthy family supporters, social worker and family counselor. Second, their competencies were the understanding of education for family life, management for healthy family support center, planning and valuation of educational program, a theory of counsel, community networking, ability of documentation, sociality, communication skill, the ability of solving the problem, the adaptation of various environments, receptiveness, positiveness and so on.

사체를 이용한 아래눈꺼풀지방의 해부학적 연구

이윤정,강일봉,신선영,백두진,Yoon Jung Lee,M,D,Il Bong Kang,M,D,Sun Young Shin,M,D,Doo Jin Paik,M,D 대한안과학회 2007 대한안과학회지 Vol.48 No.7

Purpose: This study investigated the anatomy of infraorbital fat and the relationship between surrounding structures and infraorbital fat. Methods: Forty-one orbits from adult Korean cadavers were dissected. Among them 20 orbits were male and 21 orbits were female. The cadavers were perfused and embalmed in formalin solution. The skin and orbicularis oculi muscle were dissected to expose the arrangement and compartments of infraorbital fat. A punctal probe was used to find a deeper fat compartment lying under the another compartment. The width of each compartment and the distances from the inferior orbital rim and from the lower lid margin to the topmost point of each compartment were measured using a digital caliper. The distance from the top of the medial compartment and lower lid margin to the first appearance of the inferior oblique muscle, located between the medial and the central fat compartments, were measured, respectively. Results: The width of the medial compartment was 11.49±2.54 mm, the central compartment was 21.78±5.69 mm, and the lateral compartment was 17.94±4.99 mm. The distance from the inferior orbital rim to the medial compartment was 8.13±2.72 mm, to the central compartment was 9.91±3.44 mm, to the lateral compartment was 9.58±3.76 mm. The distance from the lower lid margin to the medial compartment was 5.55±1.22 mm, to the central compartment was 7.09±3.22 mm, and to the lateral compartment was 5.41±3.07 mm. The distance from the inferior oblique muscle to the medial compartment was 9.09±2.63 mm, and to the lower lid margin was 13.60±2.27 mm. Conclusions: Our study evaluates the normal anatomy of the infraorbital fat compartments in Korean patients and suggests a useful index for lower blepharoplasty and lower orbital surgery.

당김줄을 이용한 소아 열상 환부의 쉽고 빠른 발사 방법

이윤정,이경석,김준식,김남균,Lee, Yoon-Jung,Lee, Kyung-Suk,Kim, Jun-Sik,Kim, Nam-Gyun 대한성형외과학회 2010 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.37 No.2

Purpose: Except for continuous suture in skin layer, stitching out in facial laceration, we have to hold each knots up and cut the knots by No. 11 blade or small scissors. However, we often have difficulty in stitching out the knots on children who do not cooperate well. Therefore we introduce an easy and fast stitch out method of pediatric lacerations. Methods: From January to May 2009, we studied 15 pediatric patients (mean age 5.6 years old) who had facial laceration on face or underwent any surgery on operation room. For easy stitch out, we left the one string of the first knot long enough to extend at the opposite end of laceration site. And then the extended string was fixed to skin using Steri-strip. Next we do simple interrupted suture including the extended traction nylon string inside the knot. Through this method, we can stitch out all knots simply by lifting up the traction nylon needless to hold the each knot one by one. Results: Until stitching out, the traction nylon was just right position and there was no normal tissue injury during stitch out all knots. Patients were satisfied with the short stitch out time. Conclusion: By using the traction nylon on pediatric laceration suture, we can stitch out all the knots with no normal tissue injury in less time.

비중격만곡증 환자의 눈물주머니코안연결술의 임상예후

이윤정,문상원,조희윤,정진혁,Yoon Jung Lee,M,D,Sang-Won Moon,M,D,Hee Yoon Cho,M,D,Jin-Hyeok Jeong,M,D 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.5

Purpose: Septal deviation has few subjective symptoms. However, a difficulty remains in doing DCR (dacryocystorhinostomy) in these patients. We investigate the clinical course of DCR in patients with a septal deviation. Methods: Acquired nasolacrimal duct-obstructed patients who had undergone DCR with septal deviation from 2003 to 2006 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. We measured the septal distance using paranasal computed tomography taken preoperatively and compared the sex and age of patients, the kinds of operations, outcome of surgery, and ocular and nasal complications in our analysis. Results: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients with a mean age of 55.3 years (range 29~74) were analyzed (4 males, 18 females). Mean septal distance was 4.84 mm (range 2.18~6.99 mm). Nineteen eyes had endonasal DCR, and three had external DCR. Two had DCR combined with septoplasty. Three had septoplasty as a secondary operation, Nasal complication was synechiae in 9 eyes. DCR success was seen in 15 eyes, and DCR failure in 7 eyes. Septal distance was not correlated with DCR success but was correlated with nasal complication (Mann-Whitney test, p=0.003) Conclusions: In the case of DCR with septal deviation, the surgical technique used will need to minimize the mucosal injury and ensure appropriate nasal correction to prevent future complications.

시험문제출제오류에 관한 국가배상의 문제점

이윤정(Yoon Jung, Lee) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2015 江原法學 Vol.44 No.-

최근 2014학년도 대학수학능력시험의 세계지리과목 문항에 출제오류가 있다는 법원의 판결이 내려졌다. 이 시험의 결과에 따라 2014년도 대학입시사정이 완료된 후로도 한참이 지난 시점에서 문제출제오류가 확정되었고, 그 결과 2014학년도 대학입시사정의 기초가 된 일부 수험생들의 대학수학능력등급이 바뀌게 되자 2014학년도 대학 입시에서 피해를 입은 학생들을 구제하기 위하여 특별법의 제정하기에 이르는 혼란이 있었다. 위 시험의 출제오류와 뒤늦은 입학사정으로 피해를 입은 수험생들은 국가를 상대로 국가배상청구소송을 제기하였다. 그런데 이전에도 시험문제출제오류는 대학수학능력시험뿐 아니라 임용시험, 사법시험 등 점수에 따라 합격 여부가 결정되는 시험에서도 여러 번 있어 왔다. 시험문제출제오류로 인한 대학 입학 사정시의 불이익이나 시험에서 불합격하는 결과는 수험생이나 응시자에게 중대한 피해를 가져오는데 비하여 이에 대한 일련의 국가배상소송사건에서 판결의 결론을 살펴보면 우리 법원의 입장은 국가시험의 출제오류에 대하여 국가배상책임을 인정하는데 인색하다고 평가할 수 있다. 즉, 대법원은 불합격처분에 대한 항고소송 등과 같은 행정소송에서 시험문제출제오류 및 불합격처분의 위법성이 인정된 경우에도 대체로 국가배상책임을 부인하여 왔다. 시험문제출제오류에 대해 국가배상책임을 인정하지 않은 판결의 이유를 살펴보면, 우리 대법원은 시험문제출제오류에 관한 국가배상책임의 성립 여부에 대하여서 ‘객관적 정당성의 상실’ 여부를 판단의 기준으로 삼아 시험문제에 출제오류가 있어 불합격 처분이 잘못 내려졌다고 하더라도 행정소송 또는 행정청의 직권취소로 불합격처분이 취소되어 뒤늦게나마 합격의 결과를 누리게 된 피해자들에 대하여 국가배상을 해야 할 정도로 그 불합격처분이 객관적 정당성을 상실하지는 않았다고 판단하였다. 그러나 판례가 요구하는 ‘객관적 정당성의 상실이’라는 요건은 국가배상법에서 요구하는 명시적인 요건이 아닐 뿐 아니라 국가배상책임의 요건인 위법성이나 고의ㆍ과실과의 관계에서 그 의미가 분명하지 않고, 어떤 경우에 객관적 정당성이 상실되는 것인지를 판단할 기준도 모호하며, 특히 실제 결과에서도 국가배상책임을 지나치게 좁게 인정하는 근거로 사용되어 오고 있다는 문제가 있다. 시험문제출제오류로 인하여 피해를 입은 수험생들에게 단순한 추가합격처분으로 보상되지 않는 손해가 있다면 이에 대한 실질적인 배상이 이루어져야 한다는 관점에서 시험문제출제오류에 대한 국가배상청구사건의 판례들 중에서 자주 인용되는 제40회 사법시험 1차 시험에 관한 판결(대법원 2003. 11. 27. 선고 2001다33789 판결, 이하 ‘대상판결’이라고 한다)을 대상으로 ‘객관적 정당성의 상실’ 요건의 적정성과 시험문제출제오류로 인한 국가배상책임을 부인한 대상 판결의 판단 근거의 타당성을 검토해 본다. Recently, it has been confirmed by the decision of the Court that there had been a error of 2014 College Scholastic Ability Test(CSAT) questions even long after the CSAT is carried out and according to the result of the test, 2014 college entrance assessment has been completed. After the exams in November 2013, some test-takers challenged the accuracy of a world geography question. The Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation, in charge of making the questions, refused to recognize the error and engaged in a yearlong legal battle with the students. Court ruled in favor of the students and the government subsequently proposed a set of measures to offset the damages. These included granting college admission to some students who failed to enter the colleges of their choice due to the flawed question. For all that, a group of test-takers of this exam lodged a lawsuit against the government, demanding to be compensated for the damages inflicted up on them by a flawed question. By the way even before exam questions errors have been made several times in the teachers recruitment test, judicial examination on which pass or fail is determined according to the score as well as the CSAT. The candidate wears a serious disadvantage or damage of college admissions test failed when the error due to the exam questions. Therefore, on the other hand look at a series of rulings We recognize the national court to be stingy liability with respect to errors in the national exam questions. The Supreme Court has denied the national liability even if the illegality of the error and failed exam questions recognized in administrative proceedings, based on whether there had been ‘loss of objective justification’. In other words, the Supreme Court did not determine the national liability with respect to the victims prevailing in administrative proceedings, on the reason why there had not been ‘loss of objective justification’. But, requirements ‘loss of objective justification’ established by the court, which is difficult to determine, as well as there are issues that are too narrow to admit the concept of the requirements of the state compensation law unconstitutional. The meaning of this requirement ‘loss of objective justification’, it is necessary to set correctly in relation to the different requirements of national liability, such as illegality or intention/negligence. Candidates who suffer damage due to an errorquestions will need to be made to the actual damages if there are more damage uncompensated despite the extra-pass or admission.

당사자소송과 민사소송의 구별

이윤정(Lee, Yoon-Jung) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2013 江原法學 Vol.39 No.-

당사자소송은 공법상 법률관계를 대상으로 하는 행정소송으로 사법상 법률관계를 대상으로 하는 민사소송과 구분된다. 그러나 구체적 사건에서 그 법률관계가 공법상 법률관계인지, 사법상 법률관계인지를 판별하는 것은 이 사건이 당사자소송의 대상인지 민사소송의 대상인지를 결정하는 중요한 문제임에도 불구하고 그 판별이 쉽지 않고, 같은 유형의 사건에 대해 학설과 판례가 입장을 달리하는 경우도 많다. 그런데 최근 대법원은 부가가치세 환급세액청구사건에서 그 동안 이를 사법상법률관계로 인정하고 민사소송의 대상으로 처리하여 오던 종래의 입장을 바꾸어 행정소송인 당사자소송의 대상으로 인정하는 판결을 내렸다(2013. 3. 21. 선고 2011다95564 전원합의체판결). 그 동안 조세부과처분이 당연무효임을 전제로 이미 납부한 세금을 반환받아야 하거나 개별 세법에서 정한 환급요건이 충족되어 환급세액이 발생한 경우 이를 청구하는 조세과오납금환급청구사건에 대해 대부분의 학설은 이를 공법상 법률관계로 인식하여 당사자소송의 대상이라고 주장하여 왔으나 판례는 이를 사법상 부당이득반환청구로 보고 민사사건으로 처리하여 왔는 바, 금번 판결은 조세환급청구사건에서 그 동안의 판례의 입장을 변경한 것이다. 본 논문에서는 위 판결의 판시 이유와 그 의미를 검토하고 나아가 당사자소송과 민사소송의 관계 및 두 소송의 대상을 구별하는 기준에 대하여 살핀 후, 당사자소송의 대상인지, 민사소송의 대상인지가 문제가 되는 개별 유형의 사건에 관하여서도 검토하였다. A party suit is an administrative suit for legal relations for public laws, and is differentiated from a civil suit that is for legal relations for private laws. However, although distinguishing whether in a particular case, the legal relations are for public laws or private laws is an important issue to determine whether the case is for a party suit or for a civil suit, it is not easy to make the differentiation, in many cases, the academic theories and case laws have different positions as to the same type of cases. Nevertheless, recently, in a case for return tax request of value added taxes, the Supreme Court has rendered a judgment to recognize that the case is for a party sit as an administrative suit, changing the preexisting position of recognizing the legal relations for private laws and handling the case as a civil suit (Rendered on March 21, 2013, 2011Da95564, en banc decision). For a long time, where there is a tax to be returned as the paid taxes should be returned under the premise that the disposition of tax imposition is invalid as a matter of course or the requirements for return as set forth in individual tax laws have been satisfied, with respect to the case for request of return of mistakenly excessive tax payments, most academic theories have argued that cases like this case are recognized as the legal relations for public laws and are subject to a party suit, while the case law has found that it is a request for return of wrongful benefits for private laws and therefore considered it a civil case. However, the judgment rendered this time has changed the preexisting position of the case law. This article has considered the reasons and meaning of findings in the above case, further examined the relations between a party suit and a civil suit and the criteria for differentiating the two suits, and then also analyzed individual cases of different types involving the issue of whether the case is for a party suit or for a civil suit.

Flavonoid O-methyltransferase from Bacillus cereus

Lee Yoon Jung(이윤정),Kim Bong Gyu(김봉규),Ahn Joong-Hoon(안중훈) 한국생물공학회 2005 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.10