Intracellular IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma levels of leukemic cells and bone marrow T cells in acute leukemia.

Park, Hun Hee,Kim, Myungshin,Lee, Bong-Hee,Lim, Jihyang,Kim, Yonggoo,Lee, Eun Jung,Min, Woo Sung,Kang, Chang Suk,Kim, Won Il,Shim, Sang In,Han, Kyungja Institute for Clinical Science] 2006 Annals of clinical and laboratory science Vol.36 No.1

<P>The quantitative levels of intracellular cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma (ie, the number of bound PE-conjugated antibody molecules/cell) of leukemic cells and bone marrow T cells (bmT cells) of acute leukemia patients were analyzed by flow cytometry. One hundred, thirty-one (95 AML, 25 ALL, 11 ABL) patients were studied. The leukemic cell IL-4 level was highest in the monocytic AML group (1735 +/- 1056) and lowest in the dysplastic AML group (960 +/- 545). The IFN-gamma level was highest in the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) group (495 +/- 159), and lowest in the ALL group (252 +/- 119). The IL-10 level was not significantly different among the diagnosis groups. In bmT cells, the IL-10 level was highest in the dysplastic AML group (972 +/- 1049) and lowest in the APL group (397 +/- 352). The leukemic cell cytokine levels were lowest and bmT cell cytokine levels were highest in the dysplastic AML group. There were no significant correlations of these cytokine levels with 2-yr survival rate, complete remission (CR) rate, or relapse rate. The cytokine levels of bmT cells at the time of CR became normal and were not different among the diagnosis groups. In summary, leukemic cell and bmT cell cytoplasmic expression profiles of IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma are characteristic for each diagnostic group of acute leukemia patients and the profiles of bmT cells are normal at the time of CR.</P>

골수이식 후 사이토카인과 골교체 생화학적표지자의 변화 및 상관관계

민우성,강무일,한제호,강성구,오기원,이원영,김혜수,문성대,손현식,신완식,김춘추,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.1

Background : Loss of bone mass is usually detected after BMT. The causes of bone loss are related with gonadal dysfunction and immunosuppressants. Cytokines, especially IL-6, play an important role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the pathogenetic role of cytokines in post-BMT bone loss is unknown and data on the changes of cytokines in accordance with bone turnover markers are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of bone turnover markers and cytokines of peripheral blood and bone marrow before and after allogeneic BMT. Methods : This prospective study included two analyses. The first was a study of 46 BMT recipients, examining the relationship between bone turnover markers and cytokines of serum which were measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4 week and 3 months after BMT. The second was a study of 14 BMT patients, measuring bone marrow plasma cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-? at post-BMT 3 week and bone turnover marker at the same time to assess the relationship beween two parameters. Results : Serum ICTP, bone resorption marker, increased progressively until 4 weeks (peak) after BMT and then decreased thereafter. Serum osteocalcin, bone formation marker, decreased progressively until 3 weeks after BMT and then increased thereafter. There was positive correlation between serum ICTP and bone marrow IL-6 levels at the post-BMT 3 week with a statistical significance, but the correlation between bone turnover markers and bone marrow TNF-? or peripheral blood cytokines was not found. Conclusion : Our data suggest that the progressive increase of bone resorption after BMT is related with the increase of bone marrow IL-6, which is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in vivo(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 15:85-96, 2000).

Characterization of effector memory CD8+ T cells in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis.

Cho, Bon-A,Sim, Ji Hyun,Park, Ji Ah,Kim, Hye Won,Yoo, Wan-Hee,Lee, Seung-Hyun,Lee, Dong-Sup,Kang, Jae Seung,Hwang, Young-Il,Lee, Wang Jae,Kang, Insoo,Lee, Eun Bong,Kim, Hang-Rae Springer 2012 Journal of clinical immunology Vol.32 No.4

<P>Little is known about the cellular characteristics of CD8(+) T cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We addressed this by investigating whether the frequency of the CD8(+) T cell subsets and their phenotypic characteristics are altered in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid (SF) from patients with RA. In this study, CD8(+) T cells, mainly CD45RA(-) effector memory (EM) CD8(+) T cells, were increased significantly in the SF, but not in the peripheral blood from RA patients, compared with healthy controls. The synovial EM CD8(+) T cells were activated phenotypes with high levels of CD80, CD86, and PD-1, and had a proliferating signature in vivo upon Ki-67 staining, whereas the Fas-positive cells were prone to apoptosis. In addition, EM CD8(+) T cells in the SF were less cytotoxic, as they expressed less perforin and granzyme B. In particular, the proportions of synovial fluid mononuclear cells that were CCR4(+)CD8(+) T cells and IL-4-producing CD8(+) T cells (i.e., Tc2 cells) were significantly higher than those in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with RA and healthy controls. In addition, the number of IL-10-producing CD8(+) suppressor T (Ts) cells increased significantly in the SF of RA patients. Especially, CD8(+) T cells were inversely correlated with disease activity. These findings strongly suggest that EM CD8(+) T cells in the SF are increased, likely because of inflammation, and they may be involved in modulating inflammation, thereby affecting the development and progression of RA.</P>

조혈모세포이식술이 골수기질세포의 기원 및 조골세포로의 증식 및 분화에 미치는 효과

강무일,조성원,오은숙,백기현,이원영,오기원,김혜수,한제호,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

上下顎 前突狀態와 上下顎前齒位置의 成長變化에 對한 臨床的 應用에 關한 硏究

姜九漢,金一奉 대한치과교정학회 1982 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The growth changes in position of upper and lower jaws, incisal inclination in relation to anterior cranial base have been described. Twenty five males was studied quantitavely by means of serial cephalometric reontgenogram from seven to thirteen years of age. The findings seem to warrant the following conclusions: 1. Growth change in anteroposterior relationship of upper and lower jaws to the anterior cranial base showed very little change before eleven years of age but axial inclination of incisal teeth tended to become labiaization in relation to the anterior cranial base. 2. After eleven years of age, there wasn't nearly labialization of incisal teeth but jaw prognathism occurred a little in relation to the anterior cranial base.

중국의 실업문제와 정부의 역할

강일규,송봉규 한국직업능력개발원 2001 직업능력개발연구 Vol.4 No.1

This study is intended to give a view of Chinese government's efforts in unemployment issue. The government in China has been continued significant role in the economic reforms by adopting"market economy with socialist characteristics". Unemployment in China has been rising and become serious burden to its government. We study what has brought widespread unemployment and its characteristics. We also observe social problems caused by widespread unemployment and Chinese government's efforts to cope with the mass unemployment. After Deng Xio Ping implemented reform and opening policy in 1978, China has been rapidly changed. This reform and opening policy has been the driving force for economic growth. And the economic growth made China one of the fast developing nations in the world. But Chinese economic reforms also brought some dark sides of the market mechanism. One of them is the unemployment issue. China faces mass unemployment owing to the surplus labor forced by layoffs at the state-owned enterprises, economic restructuring and rapid urbanization across the nation. The mass unemployment is contributing to a very real and serious social crisis. The government made plans to fight against unemployment, which threats economic and social securities, Including : (1) the Policy for job creating and reemployment and (2) the unemployment insurance and (3) the social insurance for the elderly and (4) emphasizing the vocational education and training and (5) Providing start-up businesses with good education and (6) exporting its labor forces aborad. In addition, we argue that it is necessary to continue the study about market economy-oriented Chinese government's efforts for unemployment in preparation for unification with socialist North Korea.

中國 特色의 社會保障체제 改革에 관한 考察

강일규,송봉규 한국직업능력개발원 2001 직업능력개발연구 Vol.4 No.2

This study examines changes in social security and welfare system since the implementation of the reform and open-up policy in China. The Chinese government has pushed reforms in social security and welfare aspects. Its efforts has brought considerable successes. First of all, one of them is the strong consciousness in social security reform. The Chinese society reached consensus on that there has been deficiency and defect in traditional social security system provided by the government, state-owned enterprises and rural communities. And they also realized that the reforms in social security should be taken urgently. China has been successfully upheld policy for reforms in social security systems with Chinese characteristics. Is doesn't reach its goal yet. But It has sustained reforms maintaining Chinese cultural and traditional characteristics. In the past, equity was the top priority in Chinese social security. Now new reform policy aims at efficiency as well as equity. Adapting efficiency principle is considered as a kind of measure to keep up with the open market economy and social developments. China has been made efforts to legislate reform initiatives for systematic control in social security. Those efforts give the expectations of profound reforms in social security in the future. But there are important principles that Chinese government should consider in implementing reforms. Those are the basic functions of the social security system. First, it is the security. Society should provide benefits that cover those who are in strained circumstances. Second, it is the universality. Society offer social benefits every individual in need regardless of region, occupation and other differences. Third, it is the equity. Social security is a mechanism of equal allocation. So society should give its members equal opportunities and rights to access social security system. When these principles are maintained, social security reform could success.

고강도 콘크리트 전단강도 추정식의 제안

강원호,성기태,김일봉,방지환 동아대학교 건설기술연구소 1997 硏究報告 Vol.21 No.2

Recently, high strength concrete members are used increasingly, but most code specifications are based on the previous studies of concrete members whose strength are lower than 400 kg/㎠. In this study, we checked validity of the used shear design specifications of ACI and EC2 for high strength concrete members. Further, we propose a shear strength evaluation equation from the analysis of test results of 433 members, which include high strength concrete. According to the comparison results, we can see that shear strength evaluation of ACI and EC2 has large deviation for high strength concrete members, and Zsutty's equation has a problem of nonuniform deviation. Our proposal, which comes from regression analysis of test results, can give tentative help for the practical engineer, as it has less deviation and lies in safe side.

고강도 콘크리트 보의 전단실험

강원호,박대묵,성기태,김일봉 동아대학교 건설기술연구소 1997 硏究報告 Vol.21 No.2

A lot of researches of high strength concrete are focussed on the axial members and flexural members. Since there is little demand to choose high strength concrete because of shear problem, it is relatively rare to study shear behavior of high strength concrete beames. But we cannot avoid this problem as shear provisons of current codes are based on the experimental results of normal strength concrete beams. In this research we perform a test of 13 beams with variables of concrete strength, transverse reinforcements and sectional types. According to the test results, the shear provisons of current codes are still conservative for high strength concrete beams without transverse reinforcements. But beams with transverse reinforcements show decreasing conservatism according to the increased strength. Although shear cracking loads show little discrepancy either for beam without transverse reinforcements or with reinforcements, crack propagation speed is very fast for members without transverse reinforcements. This phenomena cannot be found for the members with transverse reinforcements, we can suppose that unstable crack propagation and size effects are not found even for high strength concrete members with transverse reinforcement. Further we have compared test results with modified compression field theory and nonlinear finite element analysis.

플루오르토파즈와 휘스커 뮬라이트의 제조와 특성평가

심일용,이홍림,문종수,강종봉 경남대학교 신소재연구소 2002 신소재연구 Vol.14 No.-

본 연구에서는 1200℃의 저온에서 침상형 뮬라이트를 합성하고, 이러한 침상형 뮬라이트를 생성하는 메카니즘을 관찰함과 동시에 메카니즘을 활용한 제어된 미세구조를 가진 뮬라이트를 합성하고자 하였다. Al원으로 사용되는 원료로서는 Al(OH)_3를 사용한 경우가 Al_2O_3를 사용한 결과보다 더욱 발달된 휘스커상의 뮬라이트를 얻을 수 있었다. 각 온도구간에서 열처리한 시편은 미세구조 관찰과 상분석을 통하여 플루오르토파즈와 휘스커상의 뮬라이트의 생성을 관찰하였으며, 토파즈상을 거쳐간 휘스커 뮬라이트의 생성은 하나의 토파즈 상에서 여러 방향으로 휘스커상의 뮬라이트가 성장되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 1200℃에서 생성된 휘스커상의 뮬라이트는 [001] 방향으로 성장하였으며, (110)면의 면간거리는 5.34Å이었다. 과량의 Al(OH)_3를 참가하였을 경우 기존의 8:7:4 원료조합보다 11:7:4의 경우에 조대한 단일상의 휘스커 뮬라이트를 관찰할 수 있었으나, 그 이상의 Al(OH)_3의 첨가는 미반응 Al_2O_3로 인하여 단일상의 뮬라이트를 얻지 못하였다. Whiskered mullites were synthesized at relatively low temperature of 1200℃, and mullite forming mechanism was studied in this experiment. Al(OH)_3 as a raw materials was better in getting whiskered mullite than Al_2O_3. Microstructure and phase analysis were done for the specimens heat treated at various temperatures. It was found that the synthesized mullite had grown to [001] direction, and that the distance of (110) plane was 5.34Å. Al(OH)_3 addition resulted in larger mullite whisker than normal 8:7:4 ratio, but excessive Al(OH)_3 didn't affect the growth of mullite whisker.