Alcohol extract of Geum Chung Cho alleviates alcohol-induced short-term memory impairment in gerbils

Han-Sam Cho,Tae-Woon Kim,Sang-Seo Park,Mal-Soon Shin,Jae-Min Lee,Eun-Sang Ji,Chang-Ju Kim 한국운동재활학회 2015 한국운동재활학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Chronic ethanol consumption leads to memory impairment and also induces brain damage. The hippocampus has been particularly regarded as a possible target organ of alcoholic intoxication, since this structure plays a prominent function in memory processes. Cordyceps has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries for a long time. Different types of Cordyceps extract were reported to have various pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and immune modulatory effects. Guem Chung Cho is an artificial cultivated Cordyceps, and was supplied from GCordy (Seoul, Korea). Ethanol extract of Cordycep (50 g) was made by rotary evaporate, and resulting powder 8.29 g was obtained (yield 17%). In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extract of Geum Chung Cho on short-term memory, cell proliferation and apoptosis in the hippocampus of ethanol-treated gerbils. The gerbils were divided into 5 groups (n = 10 in each group): Control group, alcohol-treated group, alcohol-treated and 0.001 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group, alcohol-treated and 0.01 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group, and alcohol-treated and 0.1 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group. Gerbils in the alcohol-treated groups were orally administered ethanol (1 g/kg) once a day for 2 weeks. Gerbils in the Guem Chung Cho-applied groups were orally administered Guem Chung Cho extract at each dosage 1 hour before ethanol consumption. Our results revealed that consumption of alcohol for 2 weeks deteriorated short-term memory, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation, and reduced expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB). However, Guem Chung Cho treatment alleviated alcohol-induced short-term memory impairment through enhancing cell proliferation and BDNF expression with inhibiting apoptosis in the hippocampus. Guem Chung Cho showed maximum effects at 0.1 mg/kg. Based on these results, alcohol extract of Guem Chung Cho may provide therapeutic value for the treatment of chronic alcohol-inducted brain injury. This study was supported by GCordy company.

Efficient Interleukin-21 Production by Optimization of Codon and Signal Peptide in Chinese Hamster Ovarian Cells

( Hee Jun Cho ),( Byung Moo Oh ),( Jong-tae Kim ),( Jeewon Lim ),( Sang Yoon Park ),( Yo Sep Hwang ),( Kyoung Eun Baek ),( Bo-yeon Kim ),( Inpyo Choi ),( Hee Gu Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.2

Interleukin-21 is a common γ-chain cytokine that controls the immune responses of B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Targeting IL-21 to strengthen the immune system is promising for the development of vaccines as well as anti-infection and anti-tumor therapies. However, the practical application of IL-21 is limited by the high production cost. In this study, we improved IL-21 production by codon optimization and selection of appropriate signal peptide in CHO-K1 cells. Codon-optimized or non-optimized human IL-21 was stably transfected into CHO-K1 cells. IL-21 expression was 10-fold higher for codon-optimized than non-optimized IL-21. We fused five different signal peptides to codon-optimized mature IL-21 and evaluated their effect on IL-21 production. The best result (a 3-fold increase) was obtained using a signal peptide derived from human azurocidin. Furthermore, codon-optimized IL-21 containing the azurocidin signal peptide promoted IFN-γ secretion and STAT3 phosphorylation in NK-92 cells similar to codon-optimized IL-21 containing original signal peptide. Collectively, these results indicate that codon optimization and azurocidin signal peptides provide an efficient approach for the high-level production of IL-21 as a biopharmaceutical.

Case Report : Improved severe hepatopulmonary syndrome after Liver transplantation in an adolescent with end-stage Liver disease secondary to biliary atresia

( Tae Jun Park ),( Keun Soo Ahn ),( Yong Hoon Kim ),( Hyungseop Kim ),( Ui Jun Park ),( Hyoung Tae Kim ),( Won Hyun Cho1 ),( Woo Hyun Park ),( Koo Jeong Kang ) 대한간학회 2014 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.20 No.1

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious complication of end-stage liver disease, which is characterized by hypoxia, intrapulmonary vascular dilatation, and liver cirrhosis. Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative treatment modality for patients with HPS. However, morbidity and mortality after LT, especially in cases of severe HPS, remain high. This case report describes a patient with typical findings of an extracardiac pulmonary arteriovenous shunt on contrast-enhanced transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and clubbing fingers, who had complete correction of HPS by deceased donor LT. The patient was a 16-year-old female who was born with biliary atresia and underwent porto-enterostomy on the 55th day after birth. She had been suffered from progressive liver failure with dyspnea, clubbing fingers, and cyanosis. Preoperative arterial blood gas analysis revealed severe hypoxia (arterial O2 tension of 54.5 mmHg and O2 saturation of 84.2%). Contrast-enhanced TEE revealed an extracardiac right-to-left shunt, which suggested an intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunt. The patient recovered successfully after LT, not only with respect to physical parameters but also for pychosocial activity, including school performance, during the 30-month follow-up period. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2014;20:76-80)

한국인 관상동맥의 변화양상에 대한 형태학적 연구

권태정,이상용,이한영,고영창,권기석,조재홍,김태공,김유훈,조갑래,서중석,이원태 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 2001 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.33 No.-

서비스커뮤니케이션이 태권도장의 충성도와 관여도에 미치는 영향

조태수(Tae Soo Cho),문선호(Sun Ho Mun) 한국사회체육학회 2013 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.54

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of service communication on involvement and loyalty in Taekwondo center due to the providing overcome the solution of difficulties managing Taekwondo center. To conduct this study were used by SPSS 18.0 & AMOS 20.0 to analyze the confirmatory factor analysis, and the correlation analysis. The result of this study disclosed; First, the verbal, non-verbal communication was statistically positive causal relationship with parent involvement and loyalty in Taekwondo center. Second, this study found that the high level of involvement increase the loyalty in Taekwondo center. The result of this study exposure that the service-communication was the important factor for overcoming the management of Tae-Kwondo center. Especially the verbal communication was the more important factor in this study. Even though non-verbal communication was the important factor, to managing and increasing the member of Taekwondo center should be understand participants parents. Therefore, this study revealed that aware of the importance of verbal communication to the managers of Taekwondo center, and try to increased the level of linguistic expression.

해양스포츠 참여자의 성격특성에 관한 연구

조만태(Cho Man Tae) 한국사회체육학회 2000 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate what difference is between the character of participants in marine leisure sports and that of normal non-participants. 332 persons including 84 male non-participants and 76 female adults as well as 90 male members and 82 female members over 20 in their age belonging to the marine leisure sports dub in Pusan as of 1999 are selected as purposive sampling in this study. Questionnaires concerning character factor edited by professors Tae-ho Yeom and Jung - kyou Kim in Korea Psychology Aptitude Research Institute are used as tool for test, statistics methods employed in this analysis were t-test, F-test. The findings of this study are as follows First, As a result of comparative analysis on their character of participants in marine leisure sports and non-participants, it can be seen that an impulse, the liability of the accused were found to have a significant different in the male. executive faculty and strain, the liability of the accused were found to have a significant different in the female. Second, As a result of comparative analysis on the character features of participants in marine leisure sports and non-participants in accordance with their level, it can be seen that boldness, the sense for reality and self-dependence were found to have a significant different.

DL-Ethionine 투여로 인한 간세포의 단백합성기구들의 초기변화에 관한 전자현미경적 연구

조수호,손태중 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1972 慶北醫大誌 Vol.13 No.2

흰쥐에 ethionine을 체중 gm당 0.2㎎을 단회 복강내에 주입하고 간세포의 단백합성기구에 일어나는 초기변화를 전자현미경으로 관찰하고 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. Ethionine을 복강내로 투여하면 투여 10분 내에 이미 membrane-bound ribosome의 탈락, polyome의 감소, monoribosome 증가 및 polysome사이의 filament의 소실등이 일어나고, 이어서 rER의 확장과 Golgi complex의 위축등이 일어났는데, 이와 같은 변화들은 시간이경과함에 따라 더욱 심하여지는 경향을 나타내었다. 이와같이 빠른 시간내에 단백합성에 관여하는 소기관에 형태학적으로 인정할 수 있는 변화가 나타나는 것으로 보아 ethionine으로 인한 간세포 상해의 기전은 ATP감소 이외에 다른 대사장애 내지는 ethionine의 직접적인 영향도 배제 할 수 없을 것으로 생각된다. It is well known that ethionine treatment induces decrease of ATP concentration and resultant inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis in the live cell. Ethionine traps adenosine forming S-adenosylethionine which results in deficiency of available adenosine for synthesis of ATP. But the relation of the morphological changes to the biochemical changes is still uncertain. In an attemp to clarify the initial changes of the cytoplasmic organells involved in protein synthesis, the author injected intraperitoneally 4 ㏄ of 1.25% ethionine to the rats of fasted and nonfasted. Animals were killed at 10,30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after the injection and the livers were examined by light and electron microspcopes. The liver cells showed shedding of membranebound ribosomes, decrease of polysomes with loss of their filaments, and increase of monoribosome within 10 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of ethionine. Also noted were dilatation of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and atrophy of Golgi complex. The changes were more marked in later time. Such changes of cytoplasmic organells, which could be recognized within such early time, suggested the possibility of derect action of ethionine to the cytoplasmic organells, besides the toxic effects through ATP depletion or other metabobic derangements.

환상기포탑에서의 기체체류량 및 액체의 축방향혼합특성

조지훈,김태옥 명지대학교 대학원 1989 明知大學校開校四十周年記念論文集 Vol.1989 No.-

Gas hold-up and axial mixing characteristics of liquid were investigated in an annular bubble column with a gas-liquid simultaneous injection nozzle as a gas distributor. Gas hold-up was measured by manometric method and longitudinal dispersion coefficient of liquid phase was determined by longitudinal tracer concentration distribution at steady-state and residence time distribution. For the lower liquid velocity, experimental results showed that gas hold-up increased with increasing gas and liquid velocity, and it decreased with increasing diameter of inner tube. For the higher liquid velocity, however, small bubbles were uniformly dispersed and gas hold-up was not affected by liquid velocity and size of inner tube. Also, the mixing characteristics of liquid was identical in all section of column under the experimental conditions, and longitudinal dispersion coefficient of liquid phase decreased with increasing liquid velocity. Furthermore, the effects of gas velocity on longitudinal dispersion coefficient for higher liquid velocity was larger than that for lower liquid velocity. And, longitudinal dispersion coefficient increased with increasing diameter of inner tube for transition flow regime, by contrast, it was not affected by diameter of inner tube and liquid velocity for higher liquid velocity. For given gas and liquid velocity, the annular bubble column gave significantly higher gas hold-up and extent of axial liquid mixing than a cylindrical column of equivalent crossectional area, because of wall effect of concentrically located inner tube.

제주 지역의 B형 간염 바이러스 유전자형

조지현,박도심,김태현,염주진,김학철,문주현,양재식 대한간학회 2004 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.10 No.1

목적: HBV 감염이 무증상의 자연 회복부터 간경변 혹은 간세포성 간암까지 다양하게 나타나는 요인들로 숙주의 요인과 바이러스의 요인으로 구분되어 제시되는데, 바이러스 요인으로는 감염된 바이러스이 유형이나 염기 변이들이 논의된다. HBV 유형을 구분하는 데는 혈청형과 유전자형이 이용되는데 근자에는 주로 유전자형이 이용된다. 이러한 HBV의 분포는 지역적으로 다르나 지역에 따라서 다른 유형들이 혼재되어 있다. 동남아시아는 B형이지만 극동아시아는 C형으로 알려져 있으며, 대만과 오키나와에서는 B와 C형이 혼재되어 나타난다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 보아 우리 나라의 남부지역에서는 B과 C형이 혼재되어 있을 가능성이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 제주 지역에서 HBV의 유전자형을 조사하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 원적지가 제주도이면사, HBsAg가 양성이었던 107명(평균 연령: 46.5세)을 대상으로 하였다. 이들의 혈청으로부터 HBsAg/antiHBe를 분석하고, DNA를 추출하여 7개의 유전자형에 따라 특이성을 갖는 시발체(genotype specific primer)들을 이용하여 PCR로 증폭한 후 이를 분석하였다. 주된 유전자형의 일부와 다른 유형에서 증폭에 이용되었던 시발체를 다르게 이용하여 hemi nested PCR로 증폭한 후 염기를 분석하여 계통발생학적 분석법을 이용하였다. 결과: 1. PCR에 의한 HBV DNA 양성은 107명 중 59명(55.1%)이 양성이었다. HBeAg/anti HBe의 발현 양태에 따라 음성/음성에서 2명(66.7%), 음성/양성에서 30명(41.1%), 양성/음성에서 24명(85.7%), 양성/양성에서는 3명(100%)에서 증폭되었다. 2. Multiplex PCR에서는 58명의 유전자형이 C형, 1명에서는 B형과 C형이 동반 출현하였다. 3. Genotype specific primer를 이용하여 각각 따로 PCR을 시행한 경우에 A형에 의하여 증폭된 예가 1예, B형에 의하여 증폭된 예가 1예, C형에 의하여 증폭된 예가 59예로 A형과 B형 모두가 C형에서 증폭된 예였다. 4. 한 쌍의 시발체에 의하여 증폭되었던 A형과 B형 및 C형의 일부에서 염기를 분석한 결과 모두 C 유전자형이었다. 결론: HBsAg이 양성인 제주 지역 주민의 HBV의 유전자형은 C형일 것으로 생각된다. Background/Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was classified into 8 genotypes by a sequence divergence in the entire genome designated from A o H. HBV genotypes have distinct geographic distributions. Recently, HBV genotypes have been partially found as influencing the clinical manifestation of chronic liver disease in hosts. In Korea, the distribution of HBV genotypes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the HBV genotype on Jeju Island. Methods: Hepatitis B virus genotypes were evaluated among 107 hepatitis B carriers residing on Jeju Island. We used single PCR and multiplex-PCR assay with genotype-specific primer pairs for HBV genotypes A-F for the genotyping. Results: 1. Fifty nine samples (55%) were positive for HBV DNA. The positivity was different according to the pattern of HBeAg/anti-HBe expression, as -/-; 2/3 (66.7%), -/+; 30/73 (30%), +/-; 24/28 (85.7%) and +/+; 3/3 (100%). 2. In the single primer set of genotype-specific PCR, 59 samples (100%) were detected as genotype C and 2 (3%) were also detected as genotype A and B. 3. In multiplex-PCR, 58 samples (98%) were detected as genotype C and only one (2%) as a mixed pattern of genotype B and C. 4. When the PCR products were amplified with universal sense and genotype specific anti-sense from one genotype A, one B, and 2 C, all were included in genotype C. Conclusions: These results suggest that on Juju Island, almost all HBV genotypes are C.(Korean J Hepatol 2004;10:42-50)

減壓貯藏이 Tomato果實의 着色에 미치는 영향

趙來光,崔鍾旭,孫泰華 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSI 1984 慶北大農學誌 Vol.2 No.-

This experiment was conducted to observe the effect of subatmospheric pressure storage on the coloration of tomato fruits. Tomato fruits(Lycopersicon esculentum Kang Lyuk Misu), which were cultured on field, were havested at the mature green stage on June 16, 1976 and stored 10℃ under normal atmospheric pressure (NAP) and sub-atmospheric pressure (SAP). Furthermore, the treatment at SAP was subdivided into CO_(2) 0%(SAP-O), CO_(2) 5% (SAP-5) and CO_(2) 10%(SAP-10) concentration, respectively. The results obtained were as follows : The chlorophyll content was rapidly decreased for 10 days, whereas the content of chlorophyll in SAP treatment was retained 2㎎% after 40 days. The lycopene content in NAP-5 was 5㎎% after 20 days. On the other hand, that in SAP-10 was 3㎎% art after 40 days. The red color development was retarded for 30 days in SAP-10. Comparing with the formation of lycopene, that of carotene was less inhibited by storage conditions (carbon dioxide, temperature, pressure) and increased more slightly in SAP than in NAP. The ripening of tomato fruits in NAP was retarded for about 30 days as compared that in SAP. The intensity of respiration in SAP was weaker than that in NAP. Also the peak of respiration in SAP was delayed compared to that of NAP. The content of reducing sugar and titratable acidity in SAP were retained more than in NAP up to 30 days tested.