감압저장중 도마도 과실의 저잘물질과 Peroxidase 활성의 변화

손태화,최종욱,천성호 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSI 1985 慶北大農學誌 Vol.3 No.-

The experiments were conducted to investigate the activity changes of peroxidase, existence of isoenzyme and the changes of reserved substances in tomato under subatmospheric pressure storage condition. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Soluble fraction showed the highest peroxidase activity and followed by cell wall fraction, mitochondria fraction and ribosome fraction in that order. 2. Peroxidase activity was decreased during the ripening and senescence period in tomato. Especially, peroxidase activity in tomato was higher at a room temperature (25℃) than at a low temperature (15℃). The decreasing inclination was similar in both treatment. The peroxidase activity was higher in 380 Torr. than in 570 Torr. 3. At least, two isoperoxidases(Soluble or solubilized) were identified from different extraction procedures. Three of four isoenzymes were recognized from a vertical slab of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 4. The changes of components in tomato under SAP were generally affected by temperature and pressure. Especially, quality of tomato stored at a low temperature (15℃) and SAP (380 Torr.) was best during storage.

靑果物 貯藏에 關한 硏究 : 마늘(Allium sativum L.)의 貯藏에 대하여 About the storage of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

孫泰華,崔鍾旭,權榮澤,吳政鎬 慶北大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

To investigate the effect of temperature and polyethylene film bag on the utilization of storage material and on the elongation of storage, Garlic (Allium sativum L.) produced in Korea was stored at room and low temperature with polyethylene film bag. The result of this study was as follows; 1. Garlic packed in polyethylene film bag and stored at low temperature was the least in the change of the weight during the storage of garlic. 2. Garlic stored at room temperature gave a sudden increase in it's respiration during early October, but those at low temperature did not show any increase. The respiration of garlic was the least in the garlic packed in polyethylene film bag (0.08mm). 3. The results of this study indicated that the quality of garlic was the best in the treatment of polyethylene film bag (0.08mm) and stored at low temperature.

靑果物 貯藏에 關한 硏究 (第六報) : Polyethylene Film包裝條件이 貯藏中 밤(栗)의 品質에 미치는 影響 Effect of conditions of Polyetylene Film on the Storage of chestnuts

孫泰華,崔鐘旭,權榮澤,成宗煥 慶北大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the optimal conditions of Polyethylene film (P.E.film) in storage of chestnuts. The thickness of P. E. film used was 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1mm, respectively and each bag was contained 20 chestnuts. The concentration of internal oxygen in film bag was adjusted to maintain 0, 3, 10, and 20% with nitrogen gas. The concentration of carbon dioxide in film bag of film thickness 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1mm, respectively was equilibrated 3, 4, 6, and 10% at about six days in storage, but concentration of oxygen showed differences between film thickness and initial condition of oxygen in film bag. The ratio of rotting of chestnuts infected with mold was quickly increased in plots of room temperature than low temperature, therefore plots of P.E. film thickness(0.08 and 0.1mm) was over 40% at 120 days during storage, but in the external plots of low temperature maintained the best quality during storage. Sprouting of the chestnuts was completly inhibited during storage at 1℃, but at room temperature it increased gradually-high concentration of initial oxygen and thickness of P.E. film. In the changes of weight loss, reduced sugar, starch and specific gravity, 3% plots in P.E.film (0.08mm) at room temperature storage and 0%, 3% in P.E.film (0.06mm) at low temperature were retarded than any other plots.

食品과 環境汚染

孫泰華 한국식품과학회 1978 식품과학과 산업 Vol.11 No.4

감果實의 Tannin物質의 生成 및 脫澁構造에 관한 硏究 : (제1보) 감果實의 成長中 Polyphenol性 物質의 變化 Part 1. Changes of Polyphenol Substance of Persimmon Fruits During Growth

孫泰華,成宗煥 慶北大學校 새마을硏究所 1980 農村과 科學 Vol.3 No.-

This experiment was carried out to study on the removal of astringency and production of tannin by investigation on the changes of polyphenolic contents during growth persimmon fruits (Diospyros Kaki Linn.) which were used in experiment were Fuyu of nonastringent varieties and Cheongdo Bansi. Daegu Bansi and Sangju Dungsi of astringent varieties. Polyphenolic contents in astringent varieties was high value in the early growth stage. And then rapidly decreased, and increased to reach at maximum in the middle of Aug. and Sep. before continuously decreasing. On the other hand polyphenolic contents in Fuyu variety was high in the early growth stage as astringent persimmon, but continuously decreased until harvest. Contents of polyphenolic substances per fruit continuously accumulated until the early day of harvest, and then decreased. Sangju Dungsi and Daegu Bansi were more difficult than Cheongdo Bansi in the removal of astringency, because in Cheongdo Bansi, soluble polyphenol contents was higher than insoluble polyphenol contents, and in Daegu Bansi and Sangju Dungsi, this was higher than that from the middle of Aug. to harvest time.

건시제조중 감과실의 당조성의 변화 및 물성

손태화,문광덕 한국식생활문화학회 1988 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.3 No.4

건시제조에 관한 기초자료로서 품종에 따른 화학성분 및 당조성의 변화와 생과 및 건시의 물성에 관하여 실험한 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 건조가 진행됨에 따라 가용성 tannin은 acetaldehyde, alcohol의 증가와는 반대로 급격히 감소하였으며, 이러한 변화는 경산반시와 平核無에서 비교적 컸다. 건조중 당조성의 변화는 sucrose가 건조초기에 급격히 감소하는 반면 glucose와 fructose는 증가하여 건시과육의 당조성은 품종에 따라서 약간 다르나 glucose와 fructose가 비슷한 함량이었으며 백분은 대부분 glucose로 구성되어 있었다. 생과와 건시의 물성을 측정해본 결과와 관능검사 결과 平核無, 사곡시는 건시제조용 품종으로 비교적 좋았으나 장둥이, 남양수시는 건시제조용 품종으로 바람직하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. This study was conducted to determine the interconversion of sugars in persimmon during the drying process and the textural properties of raw and dried persimmons using the changes of some chemical constituents, the analysis of sugar component, and the measurement of texture. Five varieties of persimmons were used in this experiment. As the drying proceeded, content of acetaldehyde and alcohol increased while soluble tannin content rapidly decreased. The rapid changes of these component obserbed in kyongsan Bansi and Hiratanenashi. Soluble sugars detected in raw persimmons were mainly glucose, fructose and sucrose. The content of sucrose was rapidly decreased in early stage of drying, while glucose and fructose were rapidly increased. The nearly same amount of glucose and fructose presented in the dried persimmon although there were some differences among varieties tested. The major component of white powder developed on the surface of dried persimmon was almost glucose. The texture profile analysis of the raw and dried persimmons was made with texturemeter and the quality of the dried persimmons was sensory evaluation method. Hiratanenashi and Sagoksi were determined as the suitable varieties in the processing of dried persimmons, but the varieties of Changdungyee and Namyang Susi were not suitable.

Polyethylene Film 包裝貯藏中 貯藏條件이 사과 firi의 品質에 미치는 影響

孫泰華,崔鍾旭,李盛雨 경북대학교 교육대학원 1982 논문집 Vol.14 No.-

This experiment was carried out to investigate the optimal conditions of polyethylene film packaging in storage of Fuji apple fruits picked on October 10 and November 10, respectively. Thickness of polyethylene film used was 0.06 and 0.09㎜ respectively. The condition of internal atmosphere in film bags was adjusted to maintain 2 and 20% of oxygen, respectively, through nitrogen gas. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The gas composition in film bag treated to 2% of oxygen was equilibrated to the concentration of O_2; 3∼7% and CO_2; 3∼5% during the storage packing with film thickness; 0.06 and 0.09㎜. 2. Apple fruits stored in film; 0.06㎜ thickness at 15±1℃ and 0.09㎜ at 5±1℃ and 2% of oxygen treatment gave the best quality during storage. 3. It was suggested the maximum storage duration in apple was 90∼120day at 15±1℃ and 120∼150day at 5±1℃ from the external appearance in fruits.

건시제조 중 Invertase 의 정제 및 그 특성

손태화,문광덕,이병우 한국식생활문화학회 1990 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.5 No.2

건시제조중 invertase의 활성 변화를 조사하고 정제된 invertase의 효소적 특성에 관하여 실험한 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 건조가 진행됨에 따라 invertase의 활성은 증가하여 건조 10일째 최고 활성을 나타내었으며 그 이후는 감소하였다. 건시에서 invertase를 250 mM potassium phosphate(pH 7.4)로 추출하여 (NH₄)₂SO₄염석, DEAE-cellulose 및 sephadex G-200 column chromatography의 과정으로 정제한 결과 정제도는 조효소액보다 약 27배 증가되었으며 회수율은 약 11%였다. 최적 pH는 sucrose, raffinose에 대하여 각각 5.0과 6.0으로 나타났으며 최적온도는 40℃였다. 열과 pH 안정성은 50℃까지 그리고 pH 5 부근에서 안정하였다. Sucrose에 대한 K_m값은 2.5 mM이었으며, 정제된 invertase는 polyacrylamide gel 전기영동상에서 하나의 band를 나타내었다. This study was conducted to determine invertase activity in persimmon during the drying process and characterize the purified enzyme. As drying proceeded, invertase activity increased until 10 days and decreased gradually afterwards. Invertase in persimmon fruit was extracted with 250 mM potassium phosphate sulfate buffer at pH 7.4. The enzyme was purified by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 column. The optimal temperature of enzyme was 40℃ and optimal pH was 5.0 and 6.0 for sucrose and raffinose, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to 50℃ and pH 3-6. The Km value of the enzyme, with sucrose as a substrate, was 2.5mM. Electrophoretic pattern of purified enzyme solution showed a single band.

減壓處理가 토마토 果實의 Polygalacturonase 및 Cellulase의 活性變化에 미치는 影響

孫泰華,安鍾雄 慶北大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

Mature green tomato fruits grown at field were harvested on July 9. 1979. They were stored at 25℃ in 10-liter vacuum desiccators. The experiment for subatmospheric pressure treatment was carried out at 380 Torr while that for control was performed at 760 Torr. The purpose of this paper was to determine effects of subatmospheric pressure storage on the respiration, ripening behavior, firmness, and the activities of enzymes related to firmness of tomato fruits. Tamato fruits were, as expected, found to exhibit a sudden rise (the climacteric rise) in respiratory activity. The respiration rate of tomatoes stored at 380 Torr was decreased considerably as compared with that of controls. The ripening of the fruits was retarded and the storage life extended by subatmospheric pressure. Tomatoes for control experiment were ripened in 30days of storage at 25℃, but those stored at 380Torr were in pink or red stage. Polygalacturonase(PG) activity increased as maturity progressed. The increase rate of the PG activity was greater at the early red stage than other stages. The maximum reached at the time when the friuts commenced softening (red-ripe stage), but Cellulase activity was increased for 12days of sgorage, and decreased therafter. PG activity was inhibited significantly by subatmospheric treatment. In the case of cellulase, the enzyme activity of tomatoes stored at 380Torr was not significantly different from that of controls.

사과의 감압저장법의 개발

손태화,윤형식,홍순영,서정훈,김광수,박용태,이갑랑,권태종 慶北大學校 生産技術硏究所 1970 生産技術 Vol.4 No.-

Rolls, Janathan, and American Summer Pearmain were used in this experiment. This experiment was conducted under 0˚ and 20℃ at subatmospheric pressure, respectively. we found to examine physiological changes of apple under storage and the rate of respiration of apple in order to decide the time of harvesting. The summary results were as follows. A. Physiological Changes of Apples Stored Under Reduced Atmospheric Pressure. 1. Rate of Respiration (1) Lower rates of respiration were observed under reduced atmospheric pressure than under normal atmospheric pressure other storage conditions being equal. (2) American Summer Pearmain apples showed the biggest rate of respiration, followed by Jonathan apples. Rolls apples showed the smallest rate of respiration among three varieties. (3) The rate of respiration of apples stored under reduced atmospheric pressure changed less remarkably than that of apples stored under normal atmospheric pressure when these apples were taken out of the storage rooms, and their surrounding temperature and atmospheric pressure were changed. (4) change of the rate of respiration was more marked in an O^2-chamber than in an air-chamber. A serious physiological breakdown was observed in a N_2-chamber and in a CO_2-chamber. 2. Production of Ethylene (1) The action of ethylene as a ripening hormone for apples was supressed by reducing the atmospheric pressure of the storage chamber. (2) The order of amount of ethylene production was American summer Pearmain, Jonathan, and Rolls. The ethylene production was larger under reduced atmospheric pressure than under normal atmospheric pressure without respect to the variety of apples. (3) Ethylene production of apples was reduced by lowering the temperature of the storage chamber (4) The rate of ethylene formation increased markedly when apples were stored in a cold chamber and than the temperature and atmospheric pressure were changed. This phenomenon, however, was less marked for the apples stored in the reduced atmospheric pressure chamber than for those in the normal atmospheric pressure chamber. (5) The ethylene production in the O_2-storage chamber was about 80 times as large as that in air-storage chamber at 20℃. The rate of ethylene production reached a maximum in 12 days in the O_2-chamber, but the ethylene production increased continuously in the air-chamber. In the N_2-chamber and the CO_2-chamber ethylene production was small. Generally the ethylene concentration in the atmosphere of the storage chamber was smaller under reduced atmospheric pressure than under normal atmospheric pressure. 3. Acidity Acidity was lowered from 0.68% to 0.36%, 0.50%, or 0.56% when Jonathans were stored in an uncontrolled atmospheric chamber, a cold and uncontrolled atmospheric pressure chamber, and a cold and reduced atmospheric pressure chamber respectively. 4. Change of Weight Decrease in weight under the same conditions as the above 3, was 6.2%, 3.6% and 2.8% when stored in an uncontrolled chamber, in a cold and uncontrolled atmospheric pressure, chamber, and in a cold and reduced atmospheric pressure chamber respectively. 5. Decaying Decaying ratio showed also the same order as 4, and was 18.5%, 7.4%, and 3.6% in an uncontrolled chamber, in a cold and uncontrolled atmospheric pressure chamber, and in a cold and reduced atmospheric pressure chamber respectively. 6. Enzyme Activity (1) Catecholase activity of apples decreased with storage duration. (2) The order of catecholase activity was Rolls, American summer Pearmain and Jonathan. (3) Catecholase activity was higher in apples stored under reduced atmospheric pressure than in those stored under normal atmospheric pressure regardless of the variety. B. Preliminary Investigations for Practical Uses 1. It is possible to calculate the concentration of carbon dioxide in a storage chamber atmosphers since the rate of carbon dioxide production was almost constant according to the storage conditions. Therefore the storage chamber was successfully maintained at 5% carbon dioxide by controlling ventilation. 2. With a simple automatic controller, the storage chamber atmosphere was maintained at an appropriate reduced pressure. 3. Poly ethylene film, which is most permeable for gases among several common plastic films, was found to be adoptable as an apple wrapper for reduced atmospheric pressure storage. C. Investigation of the Time of Harvest Observations of the rate of respiration of apple during growing made in possible to predict the optimal time of harvest. The optimal times of harvest are around September 23 and October 26 for Jonathan and Rolls apples respectively.