The Use of LIF-based Instrument with 405 nm for Real-time Monitoring of Aerosolized Bio-particles

Sung Nyo Yoon,Jaekyung Lee,Duckho Kim,Hyun Sang Yoo,Kyung Yool Min,Min Cheol Kim 한국대기환경학회 2019 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.13 No.3

Bio-aerosols can affect public health depending on the origin of bio-particles (bacteria, virus etc.). Here, we attempted to assess the applicability of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) instrument with 405 nm to real-time monitoring of bacteria and viruscontaining aerosols. For the purpose, the LIF-based BDS (Bio-aerosol Detection System) was used. The bio-particle monitoring of the BDS is based on fluorescence signals from two wavelength ranges [short wavelength range (SWR): 430-550 nm & long wavelength range (LWR): 500-600 nm] and the scattering signal. Firstly, auto-fluorophores (NADH, riboflavin, tyrosine, tryptophan) were tested to expect the monitoring ranges of the BDS for the auto-fluorophores. NADH and riboflavin showed fluorescence signals from two wavelength ranges, and the fluorescence efficiency of NADH was higher in the SWR than in the LWR and that of riboflavin was reversed. While tyrosine and tryptophan showed negligible fluorescence signals from two wavelength ranges as expected. Next, the lyophilized powders of Bacillus subtilis (BS), virus vaccines [ND (Newcastle Disease), IB (Infectious Bronchitis)] and the bacteriophage MS2 were tested to investigate the monitoring ranges of the BDS for the bio-particles. Individual virus and bacteriophage have been expected no fluorescence signals because of the absence of NADH and riboflavin fluorescing by 405 nm. Nonetheless, all the tested samples showed the fluorescence signals in the size range of 2 to 15 μm, generally known as bio-aerosol size. Considering that atmospheric virus particles are released through the respiratory organs of their hosts, just as virus vaccines from chicken embryo and MS2 from E. coli, it can be thought in turn that the BDS can also monitor bio-aerosols including virus as well as bacteria. Taken together, we suggests that the BDS, LIF-based instrument with 405 nm, is applicable for real-time monitoring of virus-containing aerosols as well as other bio-aerosols by counting the fluorescence particles and resolving their particle sizes.

Phospholipase D1 mediates bFGF-induced Bcl-2 expression leading to neurite outgrowth in H19-7 cells.

Yoon, Sung Nyo,Kim, Kang Sik,Cho, Ju Hwan,Ma, Weina,Choi, Hye-Jin,Kwon, Sung-Joon,Han, Joong-Soo Biochemical Society 2012 Biochemical journal Vol.441 No.1

<P>The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of PLD (phospholipase D) in bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor)-induced Bcl-2 expression and to examine whether overexpressed Bcl-2 influences neurite outgrowth in immortalized hippocampal progenitor cells (H19-7 cells). We found that Bcl-2 expression was maximally induced by bFGF within 24?h, and that this effect was reduced by inhibiting PLD1 expression with PLD1 small interfering RNA or by overexpressing DN (dominant-negative)-PLD1, whereas PLD1 overexpression markedly induced Bcl-2 expression. bFGF treatment activated Ras, Src, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), PLCγ (phospholipase Cγ) and PKCα (protein kinase Cα). Among these molecules, Src and PKCα were not required for Bcl-2 expression. PLD activity was decreased by Ras, PI3K or PLCγ inhibitor, suggesting that PLD1 activation occurred through Ras, PI3K or PLCγ. We found that Ras was the most upstream molecule among these proteins, followed by the PI3K/PLCγ pathway, indicating that bFGF-induced PLD activation took place through the Ras/PI3K/PLCγ pathway. Furthermore, PLD1 was required for activation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), which led to activation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and finally Bcl-2 expression. When Bcl-2 was overexpressed, neurite outgrowth was stimulated along with induction of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 4/5. In conclusion, PLD1 acts as a downstream effector of bFGF/Ras/PI3K/PLCγ signalling and regulates Bcl-2 expression through JNK/STAT3, which leads to neurite outgrowth in H19-7 cells.</P>

Automated Image Reception, Processing and Distribution System for KOMPSAT-2

Park, Sung Og Park,Kim, Moon Gyu,Kim, Tae Jung,Kim, S. A. B.,Im, Yong Jo,Park, Seung Ran,Lee, Jong Ju,Shin, Dong Seok,Yoon, Tae Hun,Choi, Wook Hyun,Hong, Min Nyo,Kwak, Sung Hee 대한원격탐사학회 2001 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.17 No.1

Korean Government is going to launch KOMPSAT 2 (KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite-2) with MSC (Multi-Spectral Camera) payload in 2004. MSC is capable of 1 m panchromatic and 4m multi-spectral imaging. To fully utilize images taken by KOMPSAT 2, there have been great demands on Koreanization of ground segments. This paper addresses the development of the ground receiving system for KOMPSAT-2. The work scope is to develop a whole system for image receiving station except RF part for KOMPSAT-2. The work includes development of image receiving and archiving system, image processing system, and image distribution system. During last three years, we have developed most of subsystems and now we are integrating overall system. We conducted performance and functionality tests at the subsystem level, and achieved an image reception, processing and distribution system that can handle image data at the rate of up to 340Mbps. Considering image processing, due to the lack of available image data, we have tested up to 6.6m resolution images.

Saccharomyces uvarum 의 Catabolic Repression 시기에 유도되는 Ribosomal Ribonuclease 에 대한 연구

이기성,최영길,윤성녀 한국균학회 1986 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.14 No.3

In order to study subcellular locality and characteristics of ribonuclease in Saccharomyces uvarum, subcelllar fractions 45,000 x g pellet fraction, post ribosomal fraction and ribosome fraction were extracted during late log, stationary phase and sugar starvation conditions. Ribonuclease activity was significantly increased in ribosomal fraction under stationary and sugar starvation conditions. Ribosomal ribonuclease was extracted by EDTA plus streptomycin sulfate sad ammonium sulfate precipitation. The amount of ribosome in stationary and sugar starvation condition was decreased three to six fold as compared to that in the early log phase. The end products of ribosomal ribonuclease were detected by thin layer chromatography. It is postulated that the increase of ribosomal ribonuclease activity under sugar starvation results from 5'-rRNase, while the increase of rRNase activity under stationary phase results from 3'-rRNase.

The Isolation and Identification of Valuable Bacteria for Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphate in Municipal Waste Water

Kim, Chul-Ho,Yoon, Sung-Nyo,Chang, Sung-Yeoul,Park, Yung-Keel The Ecological Society of Korea 1989 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.12 No.2

Bacterial strains which have excellent removal capacity of phosphate or reduction capacity of were isolated from waste water. Among isolated strains. WR8 and WR1 strains were showed goood efficiency in removal of phosphate and reduction of respectively. When each strain was cultivated in waste water, WR8 strain removed about 85% of phosphate and WR1 strain reduced about 85% of -N. By the result of investigation of morphological and physiological characteristics, WR8 was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila and WR1 as Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Late-Exponential Gene Expression in codY-Deficient Bacillus anthracis in a Host-Like Environment

Kim, Se Kye,Jung, Kyoung Hwa,Yoon, Sung Nyo,Kim, Yun Ki,Chai, Young Gyu Springer-Verlag 2016 Current microbiology Vol.73 No.5

<P>CodY is a pleiotropic regulator commonly found in Gram-positive bacteria and regulates various biological processes during the stringent response in a nutrient-limiting environment. CodY also participates in virulence factor expression in many low G+C Gram-positive pathogens, as observed in Bacillus anthracis. However, the mechanism by which B. anthracis CodY regulates metabolism and virulence factors in response to environmental changes is unclear. Here, we attempted to identify the link between CodY and B. anthracis regulation with codY-deficient and codY-overexpressing mutants using high-throughput transcriptional analysis. Growth pattern analyses of codY mutants in both rich and minimal media showed defects in early cell proliferation, with opposite patterns in the early stationary phase: CodY overexpression prolonged bacterial growth, whereas deletion inhibited growth. RNA sequencing of codY-deficient B. anthracis showed both positive and negative changes in the gene expression of proteases and virulence factors as well as genes related to stringent response-related metabolism and biosynthetic processing. We also found that changes in codY expression could alter virulence gene expression of B. anthracis, suggesting modes of regulation in its virulence in a CodY concentration-dependent manner. Collectively, we conclude from these results that CodY can both positively and negatively regulate its regulon via direct and/or indirect approaches, and that its mode of regulation may be concentration dependent.</P>

Phospholipase D1 Increases Bcl-2 Expression During Neuronal Differentiation of Rat Neural Stem Cells

Park, Shin-Young,Ma, Weina,Yoon, Sung Nyo,Kang, Min Jeong,Han, Joong-Soo Springer-Verlag 2015 Molecular Neurobiology Vol.51 No.3

과산화수소증기 시스템을 이용한 야전용 천막 내 Geobacillus stearothermophilus 아포 제독

윤성녀,김윤기,정정훈,유현상,민경률,김민철,김세계,류삼곤,Yoon, Sung Nyo,Kim, Yun Ki,Jeung, Jeung Hoon,Yoo, Hyun Sang,Min, Kyung Yool,Kim, Min Cheol,Kim, Se Kye,Ryu, Sam Gon 한국군사과학기술학회 2016 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.19 No.5

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the suitability of hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) vapor system for platform interior decontamination. Geobacillus stearothermophilus biological indicator(BI) strips and a field tent were used as a biological simulant and as a simulated platform, respectively. Decontamination was performed based on injection rates and tent sizes with exposure time 60 minutes. We standardized the conditions for the field tent decontamination : 8.0 g/min for $30m^3$($H_2O_2$ vapor concentration of 150~500 ppm, relative humidity of 50 %) and 12.0 g/min for $60m^3$($H_2O_2$ vapor concentration of 250~400 ppm, relative humidity of 55 %). Thus we suggest the system is one of the possible candidates for decontamination of platform interiors.

과산화수소 증기 시스템을 이용한 미생물 제독에 관한 연구

김윤기,김민철,윤성녀,황현철,류삼곤,Kim, Yun Ki,Kim, Min Cheol,Yoon, Sung Nyo,Hwang, Hyun Chul,Ryu, Sam Gon 한국환경보건학회 2013 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.39 No.3

Objectives: Effectiveness and conditions of vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP) system on decontamination of Geobacillus stearothermophilus(GS) spores, Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Enterobacteria phage felix01 (felix01) were determined. Methods: The VPHP system was designed to vaporize 35% (w/w) solution of hydrogen peroxide, continuously to inject and withdraw VPHP. The system and VHP 1000ED (Steris) were operated such that dehumidification and conditioning were initiated without samples in the chamber. Then the samples were loaded into and removed. Coupons (glass, anodizing, silicon, viton) with GS spores ($1{\times}10^6$ colony forming unit/mL [CFU/mL]), E.coli ($1{\times}10^7$ CFU/mL) and felix01 ($1{\times}10^7$ plaque forming unit/mL[PFU/mL]), and Biological Indicator (BI) with GS spores ($1{\times}10^6$ CFU/mL) on stainless steel coupons were used. The tested samples were sonicated and vortexed, and then were plated for enumeration, followed by incubation at $55^{\circ}C$, 24 hr for GS spores, and at $37^{\circ}C$, 24 hr for E.coli and felix01. BI analysis in broth culture was only qualitative. Results: The efficacy of the VPHP system on decontamination was almost equivalent to that of VHP 1000ED. The conditions for complete decontamination with the VPHP system was as follows: concentration; 700~450 ppm, relative humidity; approximately 55%, and temperature; $34{\sim}32^{\circ}C$. When comparing the decontamination efficiency among different kinds of coupons, glass was the most effective, however, all kinds of coupons were decontaminated completely after 60 min exposure in both systems. Conclusion: The VPHP system can be recommended as an alternative system for traditional system using ethylene oxide, formaldehyde or chlorine dioxide.

과산화수소 제독 과정에서의 탄저균 전사체 분석

김상훈,김세계,정경화,윤성녀,김윤기,김민철,류삼곤,이해완,채영규,Kim, Sang Hoon,Kim, Se Kye,Jung, Kyoung Hwa,Yoon, Sung Nyo,Kim, Yun Ki,Kim, Min Cheol,Ryu, Sam Gon,Lee, Hae Wan,Chai, Young Gyu 한국군사과학기술학회 2015 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Decontamination of biological agents utilizes hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) for its effectiveness and safeness. Bacillus anthracis is a major target for $H_2O_2$ decontamination. To assess the effect of $H_2O_2$ on B. anthracis and identify biomarkers for decontamination, whole transcriptomic profiling of $H_2O_2$-treated B. anthracis was performed. Here we identified deregulation in stress response genes, transcription factors and cellular homeostasis genes. We also found that expression of antisense RNAs increased in B. anthracis during decontamination. We postulate that B. anthracis prioritizes survival and adaptation in response to $H_2O_2$ treatment by changing its gene expression pattern.