당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Thrombin-Antithrombin Ⅲ 및 Plasmin-α_2-Plasmin Inhibitor 복합체의 임상적 의의

김경욱,김은숙,정상수,윤수지,박우일,이준희,남수연,안철우,문병수,김경래,차봉수,송영득,임승길,이현철,허갑범 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.5

연구배경:당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 섬유소용해 체계의 이상경향이 있어 그 결과로 여러 혈관합병증의 발생위험이 높다는 사실은 널리 알려져 있다. 그 기전은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지 않았으나, 고혈당으로 인한 혈장 단백질들의 비효소성 당화작용이나 산화성 스트레스로 인한 유리 라티칼 작용으로 응고항진이나 섬유소용해 활성의 저하를 유발하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 최근 응고 및 용해인자와 그 억제자의 복합체들의 증가가 이 상태를 비교적 예민하게 반영한다고 알려져 있다. 방법:본 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자 101명과 정상 대조군 20명에서 혈장내 thrombin­antithrombin complex(TAT)와 plasmin­α₂­plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)를 측정하여 비교하고, 당뇨병 환자에서 미세혈관 합병증과 대혈관합병증의 유무에 따른 차이와, 이미 혈관 질환의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 인자들간의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결과:1. 환자의 분포를 살펴보면 혈관합병증이 있는 군은 85명, 혈관합병증이 없는 군은 16명이었고, 평균연령은 각각 57.9±14.1세, 49.9±16.6세로 혈관 합병증이 있는 군에서 더 나이가 많았고, 체질량지수는 23.2±3.4㎏/㎡, 24.1±3.4㎏/㎡로 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또 두 군간의 혈압 및 HbA1c, 공복혈당 및 인슐린과 C­peptide, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL­콜레스테롤, Lp⒜는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 미세혈관합병증이 있는 군에서 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길었다. 2. TAT 및 PIC의 농도는 정상 대조군에서는 2.8±1.2 ng/mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/mL이었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 9.5±22.6 ng/mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/mL이었다. TAT와 PIC 모두 당뇨병 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었고(p<0.001), TAT/PIC ratio는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 3. 당뇨병 환자의 혈관합병증에 따른 TAT 및 PIC, fibrinogen 농도는 합병증이 없는 군은 각각 4.1±2.4ng/mL, 362.2±272.0ng/mL, 322.7±102.4mg/mL으로 PIC와 fibrinogen의 증가를 보였으나, 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 또 대혈관 합병증군에서는 각각 6.0±4.9 ng/mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/dL이었으며 미세·대혈관 합병증군에서는 10.4±6.4 ng/mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/dL으로 TAT의 증가를 보였으나 역시 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 4. 미세혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 PIC 농도가 유의하게 높았고(p=0.049), 대혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 높았다(p=0.042). 5. 총 당뇨병 환자군에서 PIC는 fibrinogen과 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(r=0.47, 0.31,-0.25), 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.67). 결론:이상의 결과에서 혈장 TAT 및 PIC 농도는 당뇨병 환자에서 정상 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가되어 있었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 연령의 증가와 유병기간이 혈액응고항진 및 용해의 장애에 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며, 총 당뇨병 환자군에 PIC와 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 용해의 장애가 동반되어 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 혈장 TAT 및 PIC는 혈관합병증으로의 진행을 예측하는 지표로서 유용하리라 생각된다. 또 혈당조절정도와 상관성이 있으므로 혈당조절후에 추적검사를 시행하여 합병증의 예방이 가능한지 추후 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolystic system is known as a predisposing factor of vascular complication in diabetes. Although the pathogenesis is not well known, non-enzymatic glycation reaction and the increase in production of free radicals due to an increased oxidative stress may be linked to the hypercoagulibility and hypofibrinolytic activity. As indices of abnormality in coagulation and firinolysis in peripheral blood, plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were measured. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hypercoagulability exists in diabetic patients with or without vascular complication. Methods : In our study, we measured plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ compelx (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibit or complex (PIC) in 101 diabetic subjects and 20 controls. Comparing TAT and PIC levels in diabetic microvascular complication group, diabetic macrovascular complication group and controls, we examined correlation between risk factors associated with diabetic vascular complication. Results : 1. The group with diabetic vascular complication was older than group without complication. There was no significant difference in BMI, blood pressure, HbA_ic, blood sugar level, insulin, C-peptide, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, Lp (a) between two groups. The group with diabetic microvascular complication had longer duration of diabetes. 2. Concentration of TAT and PIC were 2.8±1.2 ng/ mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/ mL in controls and 9.5±22.6 ng/ mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/ mL in diabetic patients, respectively. TAT and PIC were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control (p<0.001). But TAT/PIC ratio was no significant difference between two groups. 3. In diabetic patients, concentration of TAT and PIC and fibrinogen were respectively 4.1±2.4 ng/ mL, 362.2±272.0 ng/ mL, 322.7±102.4 mg/ dL in group without vascular complication and 5.3±4.1 ng/ mL, 529.5±258.7 ng/ mL, 374.9±106.2 mg/ dL in group with microvascular complication, which group had increase in PIC and Fibrinogen but no significance after correction of age. Concentration of TAT and PIC and Fibrinogen were 60.±4.9 ng/ mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/ mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/ dL in macrovascular complication, and 10.4±6.7 mg/ mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/ mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/ dL in combined vascular complication which group showed increase of TAT but also had no significant increase after correction of age. 4. In diabetic microvascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.049) had significant high PIC concentration. In diabetic macrovascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.042) had significant high total cholesterol concentration. 5. In all diabetic patients, PIC was positively correlated with fibrinogen and HbA_1c and negatively correlated BMI (r=0.47, 0.31, -0.25). Only in daibetic patients without angiopathy, TAT was positively correlated with HbA_1c (r=0.67). Conclusion : In this study, plasma TAT and PIC concentration significantly increased in diabetic patients compared with controls, and PIC was increased in group with microvascular complication, TAT were increased in group with combined micro macrovascular complication. However, there was no significance relationship existed when correctinf for age. PIC was correlated with HbA_1c. TAT was correlated with HbA_1c only in the group without angiopathy. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolysis were combined in diabetes, plasma TAT and PIC can be used as an index of vascular complication. Also we found the correlation with the degree of the blood glucose control. Therefore we need follow up study for the possibility of prevention of vascular complication after controlling the blood glucose to age-matched patients (J Kor Diaabetes Asso 25:354~363, 2001).

Original Articles : Clinical significance of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C patients

( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3

Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)

아스팔트 콘크리트의 역학적 특성과 결합재 성능과의 관계 구명

김광우,이성훈,도영수,이순제 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2000 석재연 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

아스팔트 콘크리트는 아스팔트 바인더와 골재의 혼합물로서 역학적 특성은 골재와 바인더의 특성에 따라 크게 좌우된다. 지금까지 골재의 특성에 따른 혼합물의 특성에 대한 연구는 많이 수행되었지만 아스팔트 바인더의 특성에 따른 혼합물의 특성과의 관계는 잘 알려져 있지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 폴리머 개지 아스팔트의 역학적 특성과 PG 등급 결정 및 샌드 아스팔트 혼합물의 역학적 특성시험을 수행하였다. 아스팔트 바인더의 물리적 특성으로 절대점도, 동점도, 침입도 시험을 수행하였고 바인더의 PG등급을 결정하기 위하여 DSR시험과 BBR시험을 수행하였다. 직접인장시험과 간접인장시험으로 아스팔트 혼합물의 역학적 특성을 측정하였고, 회귀분석을 통하여 바인더의 물리적 특성을 근거하여 샌드아스팔트 혼합물의 인장강도를 예측하기 위한 모델을 개발하였다. 이로부터 물리적 특성과 직접인장강도 사이의 밀접한 상광관계가 있음을 구명하였다. Asphalt concrete is a mixed product f asphalt binder and aggregates. Characteristics of asphalt mixture are changed with variation of binder's rheology. Therefore, the asphalt is modified using many polymers to obtain a better rheological properties. mechanical property of asphalt concrete is also a function of binder characteristics. However, the correlation of asphalt property with mixture mechanical property is not well known. This study dealt with evaluation of physical properties and PG grade of polymer modified asphalts, and mechanical properties of sand asphalt mixture. The physical property evaluated included absolute viscosity, kinematic viscosity, penetration. DSR and BBR test was performed to obtain appropriate PG grade. the mechanical property included indirect tensile strength and direct tensile strength. Regression analysis was carried out to obtain a prediction model form tensile strength of sand asphalt mixture based on physical property of binder. A relatively high correlation was sound from each physical property with direct tensile strength.

국내 Big3 SI 기업과 계열사간 구속계약에 있어 Anti-Trust Law 적용시 고려사항에 대한 고찰 : Clayton Act §3을 중심으로

김소정,김성수 한국정보사회진흥원 2007 정보화정책 Vol.14 No.4

한-미FTA 타결에 따라 각 산업별 서비스 개방이 불가피하며, 이의 파급 효과 분석 역시 시급하다. 한편, 이미 많은 것을 개방해온 IT서비스의 경우, 해당 서비스 자체 보다는 미국의 Anti-Trust Law에 대한 강화 등 법?제도적 장치에 대해 충분히 준비되어있는지 여부가 중요하다. SI(System Integration)라고 통칭되는 정보시스템 구축사업의 경우, 서비스재가 가지는 기술적 난이도를 고려하여 아웃소싱을 통해 사업을 추진하는 경우가 대부분이다. 그런데, 국내 정보시스템 아웃소싱은 대부분 계열사인 SI업체를 통해서 수행하고 있으며, 국내의 대형 SI업체는 재벌그룹에 종속되어 꾸준한 수요를 보장 받는다. 특히, 계열사 고객 시장에서 경쟁력을 갖춘 Big 3 SI업체의 경우 공공 및 금융권 등 계열사를 제외한 여타의 시장에서도 시장지배력이 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내 SI업체와 계열사 고객간에 존재할 수 있는 구속계약(Tying Contract) 또는 독점공급계약(Exclusive Supply Agreement) 의도가 미국의 Anti-Trust Law의 근간인 Clayton Act §3에서 언급된“충분히 경쟁을 완화하거나, 독점을 야기하기 위한 의도”로 해석될 수 있는지에 대해 고찰하기로 한다. Korea-U.S FTA shows a variety of issues in almost all the industries including software industry. Even though software industry is the one of the most open domain, there are unknown issues about Anti-Trust Law System. Big3 System Integration(SI) Co. which have substantial market share in the line commerce were blessed with continuous demand from the other share of conglomerate. Market of information systems development can be classified into 3 groups which are inner conglomerate sector, financial firm sectors, and public sector. Dominant market power in the inner conglomerate sectors may be enable SI vendors to provide secure service in other market sector. For the purpose of sustaining market share of inner conglomerate sector, an invisible tying contract or exclusive supply agreement may be offered. Assuming that the exclusive supply agreement between Big3 SI Co. and conglomerate company may be violate clayton act §3, this paper shows the relevant issues which must be considered. To offer the relevant issues, this paper examines two US. supreme cases which are related to Anti-Trust Law, and adopt the induced issues to Korean SI market domain.

耕耘實驗을 爲한 人工土壤의 物理的 特性에 關한 硏究

金基大,許潤根,金滿秀,金聲來 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1978 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.5 No.2

For improvement and new design of tillage equipments, indoor test is very useful and more desirable than outdoor because the experiment of ourdoor is very difficult and its cost is expensive. This study was carried out to determine the physical properties of artificial soil suitable for the indoor test with the soil bin manufactured at the workshop of the Dept. of Agricultural Machinery Engineering. The artificial soil being studied was made with very similarity to the natural soil of the experimental plots of Chungnam National University, and it consist of 39.35 percent, by weight of bentonite and 48.10 percent of sand with 12.55 percent of SAE 10W oil. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Bulk density increased with increasing number of rolling, and its relationship could be expressed. y=1.073200+0.07080x-0.002263x^2 where, y=bulk density(g/㎤), x=number of rolling. These results could be explained that the effect of rolling velocity on the bulk density was not singnificant in the range of 4.5∼10.4 cm/sec. 2. The absolute soil hardness depended directly upon number of rolling, and their relationship could be expressed by the equation. y=37.74(0.64+0.17x-0.0054x^2)/(3.36-0.17x-0.0054x^2)^3. where, y=absolute soil hardness(kg/㎤), x=number of rolling. 3. Relationship between the bulk density and absolute soil hardness could be expressed by the equation; y=37.74(2.46 x-2.02)/(6.02-2.46x)^3. where, y=absolute soil hardness, x=bulk density. 4. The cohesion and the angle of internal friction of artificial soil were increased with increasing its bulk density. According to the cohesion and angle of internal friction, at the range of 1.60∼1.75(g/㎤) of bulk density, this artificial soil was similar with sandy loam of 29.5% moisture content of natural soil. 5. Sliding-fricfion coefficient of steel plate on the artificial soil was 0.3∼0.4 and rubber plate on it is 0.64∼0.72. Those values were very similar with those of natural soil being studies by many others.

잣나무 수피 추출물중의 플라보노이드에 대하여

趙鍾洙,朴成培,金思翼,金在慶 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1999 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.12 No.-

The Flavonoids of the bark Ectractives from Pinus koraiensis grown in Mt. Jiri were analysed. in this study. Dihydroquercetin(DHQ) was isolated from analysed diethyl ether soluble fraction in the EtOH(95%) extractives from the bark of Pinus koraiensis. 1) Diethyl ether soluble fraction content in the EtOH(95) extractive from the bark of Pinus koraiensis was 14.0%. 2) Development Standard of dihydroquercetin, H and I group among fraction of liquid chromatography were separated a section Rf value 0.4 by TLC. 3) The dried sample was tested by UV spectroscopy. Maximum peak of DHQ in methanol removed 289 nm to 292 nm in methanol mixed with 1N NaOH solution. It was identified to be phenolic compound having aromatic ring. Typical peak of monomer appeared at 1600 and 1800 cm. 4) R values in phenolic compound and hydroxyl appeared 3436 to 3200 cm and aromatic R value was at 1476 cm. It was identified to be phenolic compound having aromatic ring. Typical peak of monomer appeared at 1600 and 1800 cm. 5) The typical hydrogen bonding signal of DHQ by Proton NMR showed at 11.70 ppm between the OH-5 and 4-C=O. The H-6 and the H-8 on the A ring showed at 6.01 and 5.94 ppm, to be double doublet. Each signal due to the three aromatic protons of the B ring appeared at 7.54 and 7.42 ppm to doublet H-5' : at 7.25 and 7.12 ppm to be doublet H-6' : at 6.96 and 6.86 ppm to be double doublet H-2' on the NMR Spectrum. Downfield removed to meta position between the H-2' and H-6'.

대전·충남지역 고등학교 1학년생의 풍진 항체보유율과 백신접종 후의 항체형성률

오성균,김수영,여경오,김윤태,최명한,이석구,조영채,이동배,이태용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.2

For the purpose of investigating the positive rate of rubella antibody and sero-conversion rate after rubella vaccination, 863 high school students of the two regions were studied from April 21st, 1996 to September 20th, 1996. The main results were as follows; 1. Positive rate of IgG in male was higher than in female, and the rate of IgM was also higher in male than in female. 2. Positive rate of IgG by blood type was similar, but positive rate of IgM was higher in AB type than the others. 3. Positive rate of IgG by vaccination was similar to all groups, but positive rate of IgM was higher in which was not vaccinated group. 4. Positive rate of IgG and IgM, having vaccination card, was less than which was not having vaccination card. 5. Those who were vaccinated acquired IgG(+) regardless of an existence of IgG antibody, and 28.3% of IgG(-), IgM(+) male who was not vaccinated became IgM(+), IgG(+) after 3months later. As a result positive rate of male was higher than female. The author conclude that vaccination is necessary to prevent from rubella for them.

Power-MOSFET를 이용한 무효전력보상 싸이크로컨버터에 관한 연구

임영배,김성기,서영수 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1993 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.-

This paper is a study or a reactive-power compensation. Recently, the rapid development of power electronics technology and reduction of energy make it need to be studied on the various research of the reactive-power compensation by using of high switching device and GTO. So. it is discussed how to structure the source of reactive power supported by just switching elements using Power-MOSFET. which is less driving-power, easy to control. and possible to high-speed switching. and the priciple of operation and the basis characteristics. As a result of simulation and experiment, we ascertain that keep continuous unity-power factor without energy storage element and feedback control.

평면운동모델을 이용한 LMG 상에서 이송되는 Cross Head의 사행동 해석

최영휴,김성훈,정택수 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2002 産技硏論文集 Vol.16 No.-

In this paper, a simple 2 D.O.F. planar motion model is proposed in order to analyze the snake motion of a cross head assembly travelling on linear huide rails. In the proposed mathematical model, the head assembly and a ball screw are assumed to be rigid, but the rear-panel of the machining center is assumed to be flexible. The equations of motion of the proposed model are derived and solved by Runge-Kutta method to determine vibration responses of the head assembly due to some applied traction forces.

전산화단층촬영에 있어서 X-선 흡수계수의 신뢰도에 관한 실험적 연구

이희우,김건상,박수성 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1985 中央醫大誌 Vol.10 No.4

For evaluation of reliability of CT numbers, one ovoid and three round phantoms, which were filled with pure water and different in their diameters, were scanned under various conditions with five whole body and four head CT scanners. The results were as follows: 1. The ovoid phantom similar to human body in size and shape scanned with whole body scanners revealed stable and relatively correct CT numbers throughout entire of phantom. 2. CT numbers were generally higher in phantoms of round and smaller types. 3. There was definite tendency to show higher CT numbers at peripheral zone of phantoms. 4. With increase of kVp, CT numbers were decreased. 5. By the change in mA and slice thickness, some CT scanners were influenced, but the others were not. 6. CT numbers were not influenced by scan time. 7. CT numbers were not influenced by position of phantom in the aperture of gantry of CT scanner. 8. The bone density had no influence upon CT numbers at the region distant more than 1㎝. In two CT scanners, CT numbers were significantly increased within 1㎝ to bone density higher than 455 Hounsfield Unit. 9. CT scanners from different manufacturers showed different results, but those of same model from same manufacturer revealed similar results.