Ciprofloxacin 제제의 생물학적 동등성에 관한 연구

최철희,신재국,신완균,유호진,이경훈,정원석,장인진,신상구 대한화학요법학회 1991 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.9 No.1

국내 시판중인 ciprofloxacin 제제인 Citopcin®(250㎎ tablet)의 동등성을 검토하기 위해 제조원인 Bayer사의 Citopcin®(250㎎ tablet)를 기준제제로 하여 18명의 건강한 남성 피험자를 대상으로 500㎎ 1회 교차 경구 투여후 약동학적 성상을 분석비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 시험제제의 생체 이용율의 지표인 AUC, C_(mao), T_(max) 및 MRT들의 평균치는 백분율차이에 있어 모든 기준제제 지표의 ± 20% 이내였으며, 이들 생체 이용율 지표들은 분산분석 검정에서 차이를 인지할 수 없었다.생체 이용율 지표들의 기준제제에 대한 백분율 90% 대칭 신뢰구간 검토시 모든 경수들에서 ± 20% 이내의 조건을 만족하였으며 AUC의 경우에는 대칭형 신뢰구간으로 변환시 95% 신뢰구간에서도 동등성의 조건을 만족하였다, 이상의 시험결과로 시험제제인 Citopcin®은 기준제제인 Ciprobay®와 생물학적 동등한 제제로 판단되었다. The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin was studied for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of the generic ciproflocacin products. Two single doses of 500㎎ each of ciprofloxacin(Ciprobay® 250㎎ tablet as a reference compound and Citopcin® 250㎎ tablet s a test compound) were administered orally to ighteen male volunteers in a balanced, randomized crossover design. Pek plasma levels of ciprofloxacin were observed about 1 hour after the doses and the peak concentrations of both products were similar(Ciprobay®, 3.18㎍/㎖; Citopcin®, 2.89㎍/㎖). The values of other pharmacokinetic parameter of ciprofloxacin computed for Ciprobay® are presented in that order: AUC=13.53:12.47㎍·h/㎖, T_(max)=1.28:1.14 hours; MRT=5.30:5.08 hours; t_(1/2)β=3.65:3.47 hours. No satistically significant, differences were detected when AUC and the other parameters were compared with the method of ANOVA. Using the criteria of 90% confidence interval for the assessment of bioequivalence al the parameters were acceptable. The products were found to be equivalent on the premise that no significant difference was detected when the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters were compared, and the confidence limit analysis showed acceptable results.

TV媒體가 兒童의 攻擊性 發達에 미치는 影響

申允澈,裵珍洙 진주교육대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.30 No.1

Few tropics have attracted as much theoretical and empirical attention over the past score as the development and regulation of aggressive behavior permeated by the TV viloence viewing. In this pacer we intended to overview the ambivalent effects of TV-media, the relationship between TV violence viewing and aggressive behavior development of the children through the literatures according to the types of research, and after that suggest some implipications to decrease and prevention of aggression. In light of the review we draw the following conclusions. 1) Research has demonstrated that TV plays a role in the positive effect and negative effect as well according to the TV programs, 2) Although multiple theories have been explored to explain the development of aggression derived from the TV violence viewing, only one theory can't be done it completely. 3) Though the results gained from the laboratory experiments about the effects of TV violence viewing and the viewer's aggression are inconsistent, they have helped to identify the range of circumstamces under which it is possible to find an effect on viewer aggression. 4) While field experiments haute found either no effect or awn effect of less aggression in the group that viewed violence compared to a group that viewed neutral films, the remaining majority of these studies has provided qualified evidence that viewing of violence leads to an increase in viewer aggression. 5) Most of the correlational study have not reached the conclusion that there is a consistent or, small positive correlation between viewing TV violence and aggression. But there is little evidence that in natural settings viewing TV violence cause people to be more aggressive. 6) There are many intervening variables in determining the TV violence viewing and aggressive behavior, that is, age, sex-typing, identification and fantasy wish the TV characters, viewer's predisposition, parents influence, etc.

자살률에 영향을 미치는 사회경제적 변인

신철진 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2013 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.23 No.2

연구목적: 자살의 원인은 생물학적인 원인, 심리학적인 원인, 사회학적인 원인 또는 사회경제적인 요 인등으로 나눌 수 있는데, 생물학적, 심리학적인 원인에 비하여 사회경제적인 요인에 관한 연구는 적 다. 본 연구는 각 국가별 자살률과 인구밀도, 소득수준과 같은 사회경제적인 요인들과의 관계를 살펴보 고자 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 세계 각국의 자살률 및 사회경제적인 변인은 유엔개발계획에서 발행한 2013년판 인간 개발보고서 2013과 미국 중앙정보국에서 발행한 월드팩트북 2012년 판을 참고하여 각국의 남녀 자살 률과 사회경제적인 변인간의 상관관계를 피어슨상관계수를 통하여 살펴보았다. 결과: 세계적으로 남자의 자살률이 여자보다 높았으며, 지역별로도 유의하게 차이가 있었다. 인간개발 지수와 남녀의 자살률이 상관성을 나타내었으며, 경제적인 요인으로는 1인당 국내총생산과 국민총소득 이 여성의 자살률과 상관관계를 나타내었고 남성의 자살률과 정부에 대한 신뢰도가 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 결론: 각 나라의 발전 상태를 나타내는 인간개발지수 및 1인당소득, 정부에 대한 신뢰도등과 같은 사 회경제적인 변인과 남녀의 자살률이 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 이는 자살의 원인에 유전적 그리고 생물 학적인 요인이외에 사회경제적인 요인도 상당부분 관여함을 시사한다.

우수방사성의약품 생산시설 개발

신병철,정원명,박상현,이규일,박경배,박진호 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.2

Manufacturing facilities of the pharmaceuticals must meet certain level of the cleanness required so that foreign substances such as dust, moisture, heat, microorganism, or virus do not contaminate the product. In case of radiopharmaceuticals for medical treatment and diagnosis, not only should the operators and environment be protected from radiation but also need to be isolated from the foreign contaminant. Therefore, manufacturing facilities for radiopharmaceuticals must satisfy the design standards of both hot cell and clean room which are specified by GNP. However, standards of maintaining negative pressure for preventing spread of radioactive contaminant in isolated facilities conflict with the standards of maintaining positive pressure for keeping cleanness. To solve this problem, are pressure of hot cell was designed lower than in the adjacent area to meet standards of the radiation safety. To keep higher cleanness in certain part of the hot cell for filling, minimal relative positive pressure allows. In order to effectively maintain the cleanness that is required for production of Tc-99m generator, which takes 70% of whole demand of radiopharmaceuticals, the rooms placed in each side of production room are used as a buffer area and three lead hot cells are installed in production room. In this research, we established the appropriate engineered design concept for Tc-99m generator manufacturing facility, which satisfies both GMP cleanness standard for preventing particles, bacteria, other contaminants and the regulations of radiation safety for supervising and controlling the amount of radiation exposure and exhausted radioactivity. And the concept of multi-buffer zones is introduced to apply negative air pressure for hot cell with first priority and to continue relative positive air pressure for clean room.

정신분열병 환자의 항정신병 약물치료 전후의 뇌파소견의 변화 : 3차원적 신호부위 추적분석

신철진 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2008 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.18 No.1

연구목적: 정신분열병 환자들을 대상으로 한 구조적 또는 기능적인 뇌영상 소견들이 결정적인 성과는 아직 없지만 지속적으로 보고되고 있으며, 최근에는 역문제가 있음에도 불구하고 뇌파를 사용하여 뇌내의 병리적인 부위를 3차원적으로 국소화하려는 시도도 이루어지고 있다. 정신분열병의 전기생리학적인 이해를 넓히고자 항정신병 약물의 치료 초기와 치료 후의 표면뇌파를 이용하여 어떠한 변화가 있는지를 살펴보고 이러한 변화를 일으키는 부위를 sLORETA를 이용하여 국소화하기 위하여 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 정신분열병의 급성 악화로 대학병원에 입원한 20명의 환자를 대상으로 시행되었으며, 모든 대상자는 뇌외상, 알코올 의존, 또는 간질의 과거력이 없는 환자들이었다. 입원 첫 주 및 넷째 주에 뇌파를 측정하였고 동시에 양성 및 음성증상척도(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, PANSS)를 사용하여 정신병리를 측정하였다. 13개의 전극에서 12비트 해상도를 가지고 125 Hz로 추출하여 디지탈화된 자료를 얻어 분석하였으며 눈을 감고 편안한 상태에서 얻은 512개의 자료를 이용하여 sLORETA 소프트웨어를 사용하여 치료 전후를 비교하였다. 결과: 정신병리척도 상에 나타난 증상의 호전은 유의하였으며(p<0.01), 양성, 음성, 및 일반 증상군에서 모두 유의하게 호전되었다. 입원 첫 주와 넷째 주의 뇌파의 비교에서는 알파 2파의 파워가 우측 연상회(supramarginal gyrus)에서 치료 후 유의하게 감소하였다. 다른 대역폭이나 부위에서는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 결론: 이전의 연구들은 정신분열병 환자에서의 두정엽의 이상은 사회적인 인지의 손상과 관련이 있을 것으로 보고하였으며, 또한 환청의 정도와 연상회의 부피 감소가 상관관계를 보인다고 하였다. 본 연구결과는 정신분열병에서 연상회의 전기생리학적인 역동 이상을 시사하며, 두정엽의 부피감소나 기능이상, 또는 알파파의 파워 감소 등을 보고한 이전연구 결과와 일치한다. Purpose: The studies using structural or functional imaging have continuously reported localized abnormalities of schizophrenic brains but those findings are still inconclusive. In spite of the inverse problem, there have been also many efforts to localize the pathology in the brain from the surface electroencephalography. To expand the understandings of electrophysiological characteristics of schizophrenia, we tried to see any changes of the power spectrum of surface EEG during the antipsychotic treatment and to find out the localized brain area which is responsible for those changes using sLORETA software. Materials and Methods: Twenty one schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbation diagnosed by DSM-III-R were recruited from the university hospital. All the patients did not have any history of head trauma, alcohol dependence or epilepsy. The electroencephalography was checked twice, the first and the forth week of the antipsychotic treatment during admission, and the psychopathology was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The EEG signals from thirteen leads were digitalized with 125 Hz sampling rate and 12 bit resolution. The epochs of 512 points in eyes closed condition at rest were analyzed for the comparison of the two different times during the antipsychotic treatment. Three dimensional source localization and statistical comparisons were performed by sLORETA software. Results: The severity of psychopathology on PANSS scale was reduced after the treatment (p<0.01), and positive, negative and general psychopathology subscale score were all significantly reduced. In the comparison between the electroencephalogram of the first and the fourth week, sLORETA revealed that the power of alpha 2 band was significantly decreased on right supramarginal gyrus after the treatment (p<0.05). However, other cortical areas and other frequency bands have failed to show any significant differences. Conclusion: Previous studies reported that parietal lobe abnormalities in the schizophrenic patients can be considered to have a relation with their impaired social cognition, or that the severity of auditory hallucination had a correlation with the volume loss of supramarginal gyrus. The change of alpha spectral power on the supramargical gyrus in this study also suggests that schizophrenia may have a abnormal electrophysiological dynamics of supramarginal gyrus which is a part of inferior parietal lobe, and this finding is compatible with prior imaging studies that reported a reduced volume or impaired functions of parietal lobe, and with other electroencephalographic studies that reported the reduced alpha wave power during the antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia.

정신분열병 환자의 뇌파를 대상으로 한 혼도의 정량화

신철진 용인정신의학연구소 1995 용인정신의학보 Vol.2 No.2

VHDL을 이용한 실시간 JPEG 인코더 설계

신인철,어진우,강호준 단국대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

Image compression techniques have been necessary to transfer and save a great amount of image data in an efficient way. Because the compression and decompression of image signal require the real time processing, various hardware implementation methods have been studied. In this paper we propose the algorithm which is parallel form of processing 2 dimensional 8*8 blocks simultaneously, so increase speeds. It outputs compressed bit sequences 8 clocks later for the input data synchronized to clocks. Proposed algorithm is designed using VHDL. Simulation and circuit synthesis has been performed by the Powerview CAD Tool on the SUN Sparc-10 workstation. Results shows that maximum operating frequency is up to 15㎒. The final schematic circuit and comparison of processing speed are shown.

하악 매복 지치의 외과적 발거시 Methylprednisolone의 안면 부종 감소 효과에 대한 임상적 연구

신지훈,박진배,한지용,윤혜경,김우형,이희철 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.4

Objective : The third molars, expecially mandibular wisdom teeth, are commonly obliquely impacted, and surgical procedure with odontomy and osteotomy is necessary for their extraction. The surgical extracion of impacted wisdom teeth occasionally in duces variable discomfort. Especially, postoperative swelling, pain and limitation of mouth opening determine the degree of discomfort. For the reduction of these complicaions, drug therapy(antihistamine, enzyme, steroid), cole pack and pressure technique have been studied. It is known that the steroids are the most effective. Methods and Meterial : We selected fifty patients in their twenties, who visited Department of Dentistry, Pusan Paik Hospital from March to August in 1998. All of 50 patients has no other medical problems. Total 50 patients were randomly divided to 30 of experimental group and 20 of control group. The experimental group had orally administration of methyprednisolone 5㎎ every 8 hours 2 times preoperatively and 7 times postoperatively. Five points were marked on the patients' face, and the distances between the points were measured just before operation and 48 hours after operation. Results : Methyprednisolone reduces swelling about 50% after surgical extraction of obliquely impacted mandibular third molars with osteotomy and odontomy. The difference in the amount of tissue edema between experimental and control group was significant(p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference according to the operation time. Conclusion : It seems that the use of methylprednisolone is effective to reduce postoperative swelling following surgical extraction of third molars.

정신병적 증상을 동반한 기면병 1례

신일선,양종철,윤진상 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

저자들은 정신병적 증상이 동반된 기면병 환자를 경험하였다. 본 증례에서 정신병적 증상은 methyl-phenidate에 의해 유발 및 악화되었지만, 또한 기면병과는 별개로 서서히 진행되어온 정신분열병의 증상이기도 하였다. 진단 및 치료 특히 약물치료와 관련된 어려움을 외국문헌의 고찰과 함께 보고한다. The case of a 19-year-old man with coexistent narcolepsy and psychotic symptoms was presented. The psychotic symptoms were induced and / or exacerbated by methylphenidate. In addition, they were considered as symptoms of schizophrenia which had been developed regardless of the use of methylphenidate. The case illustrates the difficulties in diagnosing and treating, in particular, pharmacotherapy.

동하중을 받는 FRAME 구조물의 확률유한요소해석 및 신뢰성해석

신재철,김진홍,정인수,한성호 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 2003 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.18 No.1

Most dynamic systems have various random properties in excitation and system parameters. Therefore, in this paper, reliability analysis for structural response is proposed fro the linear dynamic system with random properties in both excitation and system parameters. The system parameters and responses with random properties are modeled by the perturbation technique. A displacement and bending moment of frame structure is acquired in Stochastic Finite Element Method Program(SFEMP) and Dynamic Stochastic Finite Element Method Program(DSFEMP) using perturbation method, and Direct Monte Carlo Simulation Program(DMCSP) is used to verify and compare previous results. Comparing outputs of SFEMP and DSFEMP with them of DMCSP, it show that they are similar to each other. Also DMCSP need much time to analyze a complicated structure, but SFEMP and DSFEMP can reduce quite time. In this study, it is assumed that excitations, system parameters and response are Gaussian. The results of response for the analysis are compared to those of numerical simulation. Also the probability of failure are calculated for using Advanced First Order Second Moment(AFOSM) of the general reliability analysis method.