4분과 : 미래 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 우리나라 소나무 임부의 재적 추정

김문일 ( Moon Il Kim ),이우균 ( Woo Kyun Lee ),( Gui Shan Gui ),( Hang Nan Yu ),최솔이 ( Sol E Choi ),김창길 ( Chang Gil Kim ),권태성 한국임학회 2014 한국산림과학회지 Vol.103 No.1

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 수종인 소나무림을 대상으로 RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway)8.5 시나리오에 따른 임목 재적의 시·공간적 변이를 예측하기 위해 수행되었다. 전국 규모의 예측을 위해 5차임상도와 국가산림자원조사 자료를 이용하였으며, 기후와 공간의 변이가 임목 생장에 미치는 영향을 반영하기 위해 기상 및 지형인자를 반영한 생장모형을 적용하였다. 모형의 검증을 위해 시, 도별 산림통계와 모형 결과를 비교한 결과, 비교적 높은 적합도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 기후변화를 고려하였을 때, 소나무림의 임분 재적은 현재 131 m3/ha에서2050년에는 212.42 m3/ha까지 증가 할 것으로 예측되었으며, 현재의 기후가 유지될 경우에는 221.92 m3/ha까지 증가할 것으로 예측되었다. 기후변화의 영향으로 인해 일부 고산지대를 제외한 대부분의 지역에서 소나무림의 생장률이감소할 것으로 예측되었으며, 특히 해안지역과 남부지역에서 생장률의 감소가 클 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 기후변화가 소나무림 생장에 미치는 영향을 시·공간에 따라 정량화 할 수 있었으며, 이는 기후변화 적응을 고려한 산림관리 및 시업계획을 수립하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The main purpose of this study is to measure spatio-temporal variation of forest tree volume basedon the RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway) 8.5 scenario, targeting on Pinus densiflora forests which is the main tree species in South Korea. To estimate nationwide scale, 5th forest type map and National Forest Inventory data were used. Also, to reflect the impact of change in place and climate on growth of forest trees, growth model reflecting the climate and topography features were applied. The result of the model validation, which compared the result of the model with the forest statistics of different cities and provinces, showed a high suitability. Considering the continuous climate change, volume of Pinus densiflora forest is predicted to increase from 131 m3/ha at present to 212.42 m3/ha in the year of 2050. If the climate maintains as the present, volumeis predicted to increase to 221.92 m3/ha. With the climate change, it is predicted that most of the region, except for some of the alpine region, will have a decrease in growth rate of Pinus densiflora forest. The growth rate of Pinus densiflora forest will have a greater decline, especially in the coastal area and the southern area. With the result of this study, it will be possible to quantify the effect of climate change on the growth of Pinusdensiflora forest according to spatio-temporal is possible. The result of the study can be useful in establishing the forest management practices, considering the adaptation of climate change.

중국 동북륜함구 중국인 문학의 제 양상

김장선 조선대학교 국제문화연구원 2009 국제문화연구 Vol.2 No.1

The Chinese literature in Manchurian enemy-occupied areas in the northeast of China refers to the repressive literature under the colonial reign of the Japanese imperialists. It undergoes early, medium-term and terminal stages of development, which reveal a tendency of being complicated and diversified. In general, it embodies the features of two extremes such as Japanese imperialistic resistance and cooperation. This state and its characteristics are the results of specific time, specific region and specific social and cultural environment, which has been the indispensable part of the modern literature in the northeast of China and even of the Chinese modern literature.

중국의 WTO 가입 전ㆍ후의 지역별 총요소생산성 변화와 결정요인 실증 분석

박창수 ( Chang Suh Park ),황춘산 ( Chun Shan Huang ) 한중사회과학학회 2012 한중사회과학연구 Vol.10 No.2

This paper analyzes the changes of total factor productivity(TFP) of 29 Chinese provinces during the period of 1995-2008. For doing this, the Malmquist productivity change index decomposed into efficiency change index and technical progress change index is used in comparing productivity performances prior to and after China`s 2001 entry into the World Trade Organization(WTO). Furthermore, 29 Chinese provinces are separated into three regions, eastern, middle, and western ones, to analyze productivity performances among these regions. In addition, GDP as output variable and fixed capital stock and number of employed workers as input variables are used in estimating the Malmquist productivity change index. The empirical results of this paper are as follows: First, although technical progress after China`s WTO entry was remarkably improved, efficiency after China`s WTO accession was continuously decreased. As a result, improvement of technical progress dominated deterioration of efficiency in China. Second, eastern region of China including Shanghai played very important role in increasing both China`s TFP and technical progress. Third, efficiency of eastern, middle, and western regions of China was all decreased so that improving efficiency will become one of the most important things for sustainable growth of Chinese economy. One of main reasons for deterioration of efficiency would be overinvestment in these three regions. Fourth, among the innovation provinces of China, the majority was coastal regions including Shanghai. Thus, it is necessary that tightening up the regional technical capability to reduce the gap between eastern and other regions of China. Finally, according to the empirical results of the determinants of TFP, market openness, FDI share, market transaction of technology and patent application play a positive role in improving TFP in China.

Medicinal Chemistry : Lignans from the Roots of Saururus chinensis

( Chang Seob Seo ),( Ming Shan Zheng ),( Mi Hee Woo ),( Chong Sonn Lee ),( Sung Ho Lee ),( Bycong Scon Jeng ),( Hyeun Wook Chang ),( Yurng Dong Jahng ),( Eung Seok Lee ),( Jong Kewun Son ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2009 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.19 No.-

Energy and force transition between atoms and continuum in quasicontinuum method

Chang, Shu-Wei,Liao, Ying-Pao,Huang, Chang-Wei,Chen, Chuin-Shan Techno-Press 2014 Interaction and multiscale mechanics Vol.7 No.1

We present a full energy and force formulation of the quasicontinuum method with non-local and local transition elements. Non-local transition elements are developed to transmit inhomogeneity from the atomistic to the continuum regions. Local transition elements are developed to resolve the mathematical mismatch between non-local atoms and the local continuum. The rationale behind these transition elements is provided by analyzing the energy and force transitions between atoms and continuum under the Cauchy-Born rule. We show that breakdown of the Cauchy-Born rule occurs for slaved atoms of local elements within the cutoff of non-local atoms. The inadequacy of the Cauchy-Born rule at the transition region naturally leads to the need of atomistic treatment of transition slaved and transition representative atoms. Such an atomistic treatment together with a full or cutoff sampling allows non-local transition elements containing these transition entities to transmit inhomogeneity. Different force formulations for transition representative atoms and pure local representative atoms allow the local transition elements to resolve non-local and local mismatches. The method presented herein is validated by force calculations in an unstressed perfect crystal as well as an unrelaxed grain boundary model. A nanoindentation simulation in 3D is conducted to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.

Calculation Method of Early-Age Crack Width in Reinforced Concrete Bridge through a Nonlinear FEA Model

Shan Chang,Ming Yang,Yun Sun,Kui Liu 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.7

A prestressed concrete (PC) box girder with the total length of three span 130 m was constructed by the method of cast-in-place layer by layer with full framing, and the cracking of the top slab in the box room was found during the construction. Cracking is one of the main distresses for a reinforced concrete (RC) bridge, which also reduces the safety and service life of the structure. The existing calculation methods of crack width, which are used to evaluate the crack width induced by the external loads, are not suitable to calculate the early-age crack width. To evaluate the early-age crack width, a calculation method of early-age crack width was presented. The finite element analysis (FEA) model of the PC box girder being built was used to analyze two affecting parameters of early-age cracking by ABAQUS 2017 program. Through the nonlinear FEA model of the PC box girder, the calculation formula of early-age crack width was used to evaluate the crack width. The validity of the nonlinear FEA method has been verified by comparing the simulation results with the measured results.

Effects of G-Rh2 on mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis via AKT-Nrf2/NF-κB and MAPK-Nrf2/NF-κB pathways

Chang Xu,Liangchang Li,Chongyang Wang,Jingzhi Jiang,Li Li,Lianhua Zhu,Shan Jin,Zhehu Jin,Jung Joon Lee,Guanhao Li,Guanghai Yan 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.4

Background: The effect of ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) on mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of G-Rh2 on OVA-induced asthmatic mice and on mast cell-mediatedanaphylaxis. Methods: Asthma model was established for evaluating airway changes and ear allergy. RPMCs and RBL-2H3 were used for in vitro experiments. Calcium uptake, histamine release and degranulation weredetected. ELISA and Western blot measured cytokine and protein levels, respectively. Results: G-Rh2 inhibited OVA-induced airway remodeling, the production of TNF-a, IL-4, IL-8, IL-1b andthe degranulation of mast cells of asthmatic mice. G-Rh2 inhibited the activation of Syk and Lyn in lungtissue of OVA-induced asthmatic mice. G-Rh2 inhibited serum IgE production in OVA induced asthmaticmice. Furthermore, G-Rh2 reduced the ear allergy in IgE-sensitized mice. G-Rh2 decreased the earthickness. In vitro experiments G-Rh2 significantly reduced calcium uptake and inhibited histaminerelease and degranulation in RPMCs. In addition, G-Rh2 reduced the production of IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-8, andIL-4 in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. Interestingly, G-Rh2 was involved in the FcεRI pathway activation ofmast cells and the transduction of the Lyn/Syk signaling pathway. G-Rh2 inhibited PI3K activity in adose-dependent manner. By blocking the antigen-induced phosphorylation of Lyn, Syk, LAT, PLCg2, PI3KERK1/2 and Raf-1 expression, G-Rh2 inhibited the NF-kB, AKT-Nrf2, and p38MAPK-Nrf2 pathways. However, G-Rh2 up-regulated Keap-1 expression. Meanwhile, G-Rh2 reduced the levels of p-AKT,p38MAPK and Nrf2 in RBL-2H3 sensitized IgE cells and inhibited NF-kB signaling pathway activation byactivating the AKT-Nrf2 and p38MAPK-Nrf2 pathways. Conclusion: G-Rh2 inhibits mast cell-induced allergic inflammation, which might be mediated by theAKT-Nrf2/NF-kB and p38MAPK-Nrf2/NF-kB signaling pathways

Research and Development of RFIC Technology in Smart Temperature Information Material

Chang, Chih-Yuan,Hung, San-Shan,Chang, Yu-Chueh,Peng, Yu-Fang Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Ma 2011 Journal of construction engineering and project ma Vol.1 No.1

Conservation of energy and fuel is the trend in smart building design. Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) technology is often used in temperature sensing and signal transmission to manage indoor temperature, but it is rarely applied to the shell of the building. Heat retention and poor insulation in building shells are the largest causes of high energy consumption by indoor air conditioning. Through combining RFIC technology with temperature sensors, this study will develop smart temperature information material that can be embedded in concrete. In addition to accurately evaluating the effectiveness of shell insulation material, the already-designed Building Physiology Information System can monitor long-term temperature changes, leading to smarter building health management.

CdS/CdSe co-sensitized brookite H:TiO₂ nanostructures: Charge carrier dynamics and photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation

Chang, Yung-Shan,Choi, Mingi,Baek, Minki,Hsieh, Ping-Yen,Yong, Kijung,Hsu, Yung-Jung Elsevier 2018 Applied Catalysis B Vol.225 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we have synthesized CdS/CdSe co-sensitized brookite TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanostructures with hydrogen doping (H:TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/CdS/CdSe) in a facile solution reaction and studied their PEC performances. Compared to undoped brookite TiO<SUB>2</SUB>, the H:TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/CdS/CdSe composites exhibit much enhanced photocurrent generation, which originates from the improved charge transfer kinetics endowed by hydrogen doping and sensitization. Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS) are employed to explore the charge transfer dynamics between sensitizers and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> and charge carrier kinetics at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. According to the analytical results, sensitizations of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> are found to enhance the charge separation efficiency. Besides, the hydrogen doping into TiO<SUB>2</SUB> generates oxygen vacancy states, providing additional charge transfer pathway and prohibiting charge recombination, beneficial for enhancing the PEC performances as well. Based on the charge dynamics data, we further develop charge transfer models for TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/CdS/CdSe and H:TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/CdS/CdSe. The findings from this work can help understanding the charge transfer dynamics in brookite TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-based composite systems as well as designing versatile photoelectrodes for solar energy conversion.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CdS/CdSe co-sensitized brookite H:TiO<SUB>2</SUB> exhibit much enhanced photoactivity. </LI> <LI> Superiority of H:TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/CdS/CdSe results from the improved charge transfer. </LI> <LI> Practical use for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production was demonstrated. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

A Study on Bimorph Viscometer

Chang Shan Jin,Kong Qin Zhao,Shang Shu Duan 대한전자공학회 1995 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.1 No.1