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논문 : 강원도 양양지역 소나무림의 지상부 바이오매스와 수관층 연료특성에 관한 연구
김성용 ( Sung Yong Kim ),이영진 ( Young Jin Lee ),장미나 ( Mi Na Jang ),서연옥 ( Yeon Ok Seo ),구교상 ( Kyo Sang Koo ),정성철 ( Sung Cheol Jung ),김경하 ( Kyung Ha Kim ) 한국임학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.2
본 연구의 목적은 강원도 양양지역에 분포하는 소나무림을 대상으로 지상부 바이오매스와 수관층 연료특성에 대하여 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 강원도 양양군 현남면 하월천리 일대 소나무림으로 선정하였으며, 총 13본의 표본목을 벌채하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면, 양양지역 소나무림의 줄기밀도(g·cm-3)는 0.347~0.409, 지상부 바이오매스 확장계수는 1.251~1.419의 범위로 나타났다. 지상부 연료량은 총 161.6 Mg·ha-1로 나타났으며, 줄기 126.4 Mg·ha-1, 가지 29.3 Mg·ha-1, 잎 5.9 Mg·ha-1로 나타났다. 수관층 연료특성 인자에 관한 연구에서는 수관화 확산 시 연소될 수 있는 연소가능 연료(잎~1 cm이하 가지)의 비율은 45.2%로 나타났고, 연료량을 수관체적으로 나눈 연소가능 연료밀도(kg·m-3)는 평균 0.178로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 소나무림의 바이오매스 및 탄소 흡수량 추정과 수관화 위험성을 연료적 관점에서 평가하는데 있어 유용한 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다. The objective of this study was to analyze the above-ground biomass and crown fuel characteristics of Pinus densiflora stands in Yangyang, Gangwon province. A total of thirteen representative trees were destructively sampled in Yangyang region. The results showed that the stem density (g·cm-3) was 0.347~0.409, whereas the above-ground biomass expansion factors ranged from 1.251~1.419. In terms of crown fuel biomass, the above-ground biomass was 161.6 Mg·ha-1 while the stem biomass, branch biomass and needle biomass were 126.4 Mg·ha-1, 29.3 Mg·ha-1 and 5.9 Mg·ha-1, respectively. Needles and twigs with less than 1 cm diameter accounted 45.2% of the total crown fuel load. The available crown bulk density, which was calculated by dividing the crown fuel load to the crown volume, was 0.178 kg·m-3. The results of this study on the biomass and carbon stocks estimation of the Pinus densiflora together with the crown fire hazard assessment based on crown fuel loads are very significant information for the forest managers.
조직시민행동의 이론적 고찰 : 호텔산업에의 적용성을 중심으로
하헌국,김서연 동국대학교 관광산업연구소 2000 관광·호텔경영연구 Vol.2 No.1
In this study, literature on employee citizenship performance was reviewed. This review provides justification for the theoretical reliance on a recent conceptualization of citizenship performance derived from political philosophy. Further, it comprises the relevance of understanding the citizenship performance of contact employees and developing a citizenship measure specifically for this unique organizational position. It also includes the need for empirical research on the relationship between contact employee citizenship and service effectiveness. The next section reviewed literatures on citizenship rights and responsibilities and social exchange. Importantly, this review provides a basis for the inclusion of the independent variables in the future empirical study. It also provides the theoretical background for two competing theoretical models of citizenship performance. The last section of the literature review discussed relevant conceptual and empirical research on each of the independent variables in the future empirical study. This review provides an overview of previous research on each independent variable and further presents evidence concerning two competing theoretical models.
비만을 동반한 위암 환자에서 두 병을 같이 수술 치료한 경험(증례)
최경현,윤기영,문형환,신연명,서경원,안수미,송윤미,석정희,정경연,이은하 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.3
Obesity is growing problem in Korea. We had a case of bariatric surgery during gastric cancer operation. Patient was 29 year old Korean lady with early gastric cancer located in the lesser curvature side of the middle 1/3 of the stomach. Her body weight was 89 kg, height 163 cm, and thus body mass index was 33.5 kg/m2. Preoperative blood pressure was 130/90 mmHg, hemoglobin 12.9 g/dL, total lymphocyte count 3,280/mL, serum albumin 4.3 g/dL, CEA 1.1 ng/mL, CA 19-9 9.1 ng/mL, and alpha fetoprotein 2 ng/mL. Another associated disease was right thyroid follicular neoplasm. The chest X-ray was normal. After IM injection of 2,500 units of heparin 30 minutes before the induction of general anesthesia, she received curative subtotal gastrectomy and Roux en Y gastrojejunostomy when a malabsorption loop of 120 cm jejunum was incorporated between the Treitz ligament and the end to side jejuno-jejunostmy site at May 29th 2006. Her postoperative course was uneventful except a minor wound seroma and the elevations of serum amylase(up to 4 folds) and lipase(up to 2 folds). She lost her body weight 9 kg in 5th, 21 kg in 7th, and 27 kg in 10th postoperative months to became 61.5 kg. On follow up exams in July 2008, she gained 4 kg to overcome her weakness and fatigue. From the above result, the incorporation of a malabsorption loop during reconstruction phase of gastric cancer operation was a good option for obese gastric cancer patients especially in cases of early gastric cancer.
Seo Yeon Lee,Seong Ah Ha,Jung Sook Seo,Cheong Min Sohn,Hae Ryun Park,Kyung Won Kim 한국영양학회 2014 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.8 No.6
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recently, there has been an increased interest in the importance of family meals on children’s health and nutrition. This study aims to examine if the eating habits and eating behaviors of children are different according to the frequency of family dinners. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were third-grade students from 70 elementary schools in 17 cities nationwide. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed. The survey questionnaire was composed of items that examined the general characteristics, family meals, eating habits, eating behaviors, and environmental influence on children’s eating. The subjects responded to a self-reported questionnaire. Excluding the incomplete responses, the data (n = 3,435) were analyzed using χ²-test or t-test. RESULTS: The group that had more frequent family dinners (≥ 5 days/week, 63.4%), compared to those that had less (≤4 days/week, 36.6%), showed better eating habits, such as eating meals regularly, performing desirable behaviors during meals, having breakfast frequently, having breakfast with family members (P < 0.001), and not eating only what he or she likes (P< 0.05). Those who had more frequent family dinners also consumed healthy foods with more frequency, including protein foods, dairy products, grains, vegetables, seaweeds (P < 0.001), and fruits (P < 0.01). However, unhealthy eating behaviors (e.g., eating fatty foods, salty foods, sweets, etc.) were not significantly different by the frequency of family dinners. CONCLUSIONS: Having dinner frequently with family members was associated with more desirable eating habits and with healthy eating behaviors in young children. Thus nutrition education might be planned to promote family dinners, by emphasizing the benefits of having family meals on children’s health and nutrition and making more opportunities for family meals.
Ha, Seung Yeon,Lee, Chang Hun,Chang, Hee Kyung,Chang, Sunhee,Kwon, Kun Young,Lee, Eun Hee,Roh, Mee Sook,Seo, Boram Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Histopathology Vol.60 No.5
<P>Ha S Y, Lee C H, Chang H K, Chang S, Kwon K Y, Lee E H, Roh M S & Seo B (2012) <I>Histopathology</I>?<B>60,</B> 731–739 <B>Differential expression of forkhead box M1 and its downstream cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p27</B><SUP><B>kip1</B></SUP><B> and p21</B><SUP><B>waf1/cip1</B></SUP><B> in the diagnosis of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours</B></P><P><B>Aims: </B> Pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumours represent a spectrum of phenotypically distinct entities with different biological behaviours. Difficulties in classifying these tumours are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) is essential for the development of various cancers and is a proliferation‐specific transcription factor that regulates transcription of cell cycle genes, including cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p27<SUP>kip1</SUP> and p21<SUP>waf1/cip1</SUP>. This study was performed to determine the utility of FoxM1, p27<SUP>kip1</SUP> and p21<SUP>waf1/cip1</SUP> as immunomarkers for subtyping pulmonary NE tumours.</P><P><B>Methods and results: </B> FoxM1, p27<SUP>kip1</SUP> and p21<SUP>waf1/cip1</SUP> expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 60 pulmonary NE tumours [19 typical carcinoids (TCs), six atypical carcinoids (ACs), 17 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) and 18 small cell lung cancers (SCLCs)]. The frequencies of FoxM1 and p21<SUP>waf1/cip1</SUP> expression were significantly different between TCs and ACs (each <I>P</I> = 0.009), and those of FoxM1 and p27<SUP>kip1</SUP> expression were significantly different between LCNECs and SCLCs (<I>P </I>= 0.012 and <I>P </I>= 0.002, respectively). The combined FoxM1<SUP>(−)</SUP>/p21<SUP>waf1/cip1(−)</SUP> and FoxM1<SUP>(+)</SUP>/p27<SUP>kip1(high)</SUP> phenotypes had the best diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing TCs from ACs, and SCLCs from LCNECs, respectively.</P><P><B>Conclusions: </B> FoxM1, p27<SUP>kip1</SUP> and p21<SUP>waf1/cip1</SUP> showed distinct immunoreactivity according to histological subtype, which may be of value as an ancillary test in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary NE tumours.</P>