Diagnostic usefulness of a T cell-based assay for latent tuberculosis infection in kidney transplant candidates before transplantation

Kim, S.-H.,Lee, S.-O.,Park, I.-A.,Park, S.J.,Choi, S.-H.,Kim, Y.S.,Woo, J.H.,Park, S.-K.,Park, J.S.,Kim, S.C.,Han, D.J. Blackwell Publishing Inc 2010 Transplant infectious disease Vol.12 No.2

<P>S.-H. Kim, S.-O. Lee, I.-A. Park, S.J. Park, S.-H. Choi, Y.S. Kim, J.H. Woo, S.-K. Park, J.S. Park, S.C. Kim, D.J. Han. Diagnostic usefulness of a T cell-based assay for latent tuberculosis infection in kidney transplant candidates before transplantation.Transpl Infect Dis 2010: <B>12:</B> 113–119. All rights reserved</P><P>Background</P><P>The presence of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) should be evaluated before kidney transplantation. Although a new T cell-based assay for diagnosing LTBI gave promising results, this assay has not yet been compared with the tuberculin skin test (TST) for diagnosing LTBI in renal transplant candidates before transplantation.</P><P>Patients and methods</P><P>All adult patients admitted to a single institute for renal transplantation over a 1-year period were prospectively enrolled. A clinically predictive risk of LTBI was defined as: (i) recent close contact with a person with pulmonary TB; (ii) abnormal chest radiography; (iii) a history of untreated or inadequately treated TB; or (iv) a new infection (i.e., a recent conversion of TST).</P><P>Results</P><P>Of 209 renal recipients, 47 (22%) had a positive TST≥5 mm, 21 (10%) had a positive TST≥10 mm, 65 (30%) had a positive T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test, and 25 (12%) had an indeterminate T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test. The induration size of TST was significantly associated with a high positivity rate on T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> (<I>P</I><0.001). Agreement between T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test and TST≥10 mm was fair (<I>k</I>=0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.11–0.36). However, neither univariate nor multivariate analysis showed any association between the clinical risk for LTBI and positivity on T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> or TST.</P><P>Conclusion</P><P>T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> test was more frequently positive than TST in renal transplant candidates. However, further longitudinal studies are awaited to determine whether the ability of T-SPOT.<I>TB</I> assay to detect LTBI in renal transplant recipients can better predict the development of TB than can TST after transplantation.</P>

<i>CYP2A6</i> and <i>ERCC1</i> polymorphisms correlate with efficacy of S-1 plus cisplatin in metastatic gastric cancer patients

Park, S R,Kong, S-Y,Nam, B-H,Choi, I J,Kim, C G,Lee, J Y,Cho, S J,Kim, Y W,Ryu, K W,Lee, J H,Rhee, J,Park, Y-I,Kim, N K Nature Publishing Group 2011 The British journal of cancer Vol.104 No.7

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>We evaluated the association between polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2A6 (<I>CYP2A6</I>)/excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (<I>ERCC1</I>)/X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1(<I>XRCC1</I>) and treatment outcomes of metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) patients treated with S-1/cisplatin.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Among MGC patients (<I>n</I>=108), who received S-1 (40 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> b.i.d., days 1–14) and cisplatin (60 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>, day 1) every 3 weeks, we analysed the wild-type allele (<I>W</I>) and variants (<I>V</I>) of <I>CYP2A6</I> (<I>*4</I>, <I>*7, *9, *10</I>), and the polymorphisms of <I>ERCC1</I> (rs11615, rs3212986) and <I>XRCC1</I> (rs25487).</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Patients having fewer <I>CYP2A6</I> variants had better response rates (<I>W</I>/<I>W vs W</I>/<I>V</I> other than <I>*1/*4 vs V</I>/<I>V</I> or <I>*1/*4</I>=66.7 <I>vs</I> 58.3 <I>vs</I> 32.3% <I>P</I>=0.008), time to progression (TTP) (7.2 <I>vs</I> 6.1 <I>vs</I> 3.5 months, <I>P</I>=0.021), and overall survival (23.2 <I>vs</I> 15.4 <I>vs</I> 12.0 months, <I>P</I>=0.004). <I>ERCC1 19442C</I>><I>A</I> (rs3212986) was also associated with response rate (<I>C/C</I>, 46.7% <I>vs C/A</I>, 55.3% <I>vs A/A</I>, 87.5%) (<I>P</I>=0.048) and TTP (4.4 <I>vs</I> 7.6 <I>vs</I> 7.9 months) (<I>P</I>=0.012). Patients carrying both risk genotypes of <I>CYP2A6</I> (<I>V</I>/<I>V</I> or <I>1/*4</I>) and <I>ERCC1 19442C</I>><I>A</I> (<I>C/C</I>) <I>vs</I> those carrying none showed an adjusted odds ratio of 0.113 (<I>P</I>=0.004) for response, and adjusted hazard ratios of 3.748 (<I>P</I>=0.0001) for TTP and 2.961 (<I>P</I>=0.006) for death.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>Polymorphisms of <I>CYP2A6</I> and <I>ERCC1 19442C</I>><I>A</I> correlated with the efficacy of S-1/cisplatin.</P>

Cytokine secreted by S100A9 via TLR4 in monocytes delays neutrophil apoptosis by inhibition of caspase 9/3 pathway

Lee, N.R.,Park, B.S.,Kim, S.Y.,Gu, A.,Kim, D.H.,Lee, J.S.,Kim, I.S. Saunders Scientific Publications, W.B. Saunders ; 2016 Cytokine Vol.86 No.-

Dysregulation of neutrophil apoptosis causes pathogenesis and aggravation of allergy. S100A9 exists as one of the proteins in the neutrophils, triggering inflammatory responses by activating the immune cells. In this study, we investigated whether S100A9 affects constitutive neutrophil apoptosis by activating the monocytes in normal and allergic subjects. Supernatant from human monocytic THP-1 cells after treatment with S100A9 suppressed normal neutrophil apoptosis by inhibiting the activations of caspase 9 and caspase 3. S100A9 upregulated the release of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in THP-1 cells. An increase in cytokine was suppressed by CLI-095, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 inhibitor, PP2, a Src inhibitor, rottlerin, a PKCδ inhibitor, MAP kinase inhibitors, including PD98059, SB202190, and SP600125, and BAY-11-7085, an NF-κB inhibitor. Src, PKCδ, ERK½, p38 MAPK, and JNK were phosphorylated by S100A9. The phosphorylation of Src and PKCδ was suppressed by CLI-095, and the activation of ERK½, p38 MAPK, and JNK was inhibited by CLI-095, PP2, and rottlerin. S100A9 induced NF-κB activity, and the activation was suppressed by CLI-095, PP2, rottlerin, and MAPK kinase inhibitors. In normal and allergic subjects, supernatant from normal and allergic monocytes after stimulation with S100A9 suppressed normal and allergic neutrophil apoptosis, respectively; MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in the supernatant was increased by S100A9. The cytokine secretion induced by S100A9 is related to TLR4, Src, PKCδ, ERK½, p38 MAPK, JNK, and NF-κB. Taken together, S100A9 induces anti-apoptotic effect on normal and allergic neutrophils by increasing cytokine secretion of monocytes. These findings may help us to better understand neutrophil apoptosis regulated by S100A9 and pathogenesis of allergic diseases.

Trypsin inhibitor 결여 大豆品種의 탐색 및 그의 遺傳育種學的 硏究 : I. Trypsin inhibitors의 전기영동 감정방법에 의한 대두 품종별 비교 및 DEAE-cellulose에 의한 분리 I. Soybean trypsin inhibitors: electrophoretic differences among varieties and their fractionation on DEAE-cellulose

金秀一,李錫河,李弘石,文亢植,羅志英 서울大學校 農科大學 1985 서울대농학연구지 Vol.10 No.1

대두의 단백추출액을 polyacrylamide gel 전기영동에 의하여 분류하고 trypsin inhibitor (T.I) band를 동정하였다. T.I. band는 전기영동한 gel을 trypsin으로 가수분해하거나 추출액에 trypsin을 처리한 후 전기영동하거나 발색기질을 이용하여 gel을 착색시키거나 또는 gel slice의 T.I.activity를 측정하는 등 네 가지 방법을 사용하여 검정하였다. 이중 추출액을 trypsin으로 처리한 후 전기영동하는 방법과 gel slice의 T.I.activity를 측정하는 방법이 가장 적합하였으며 두 방법의 결과를 비교하여 T.I.band를 검정하는 것이 보다 확실하였다. Sephadex G-75 Chromatography 에서 물로 추출한 대두 단백질은 3 fraction으로 분리하였고 T.I.activity는 제 2 fraction 에만 나타났다. Kunitz 및 Bowman-Birk형 inhibitor는 DEAE-cellulose column chromatography로 분리하였다. Kunitz형은 5개의 fraction으로, Bowman-birk형은 4개의 fraction으로 분리되었다. 단백질 추출액과 DEAE-cellulose chormatography에서 분리된 Kuniz 및 Bowman-Birk T.I.의 polyacryamide gel 전기영동 pattern을 비교하여 본 결과, 확실하게 동정된 T.I.band는 band3과 band4로서 각각 Orf등이 발표한 Ti¹과 Ti2에 해당하였으며, 그 외에 band 6과 band 10이 T.I.로 추정되었고 band 1,2,5,7,8,9는 T.I.가 아닌 것으로 판명되었다. trypsin inhibitor 함유량은 총 trypsin units inhibited 값(T.U.I)으로 볼 때 42품종에서 25에서 76까지 품종 간에 차이가 현저하였으며 시비 및 파종기의 영향은 나타나지 않았다. Ti¹ inhibitor 를 보유하고 있는 것은 37품종이었고, Ti²를 보유하는 것은 7품종이었으며, Ti¹과 Ti²를 같이 가지고 있는 품종은 발견되지 않았다. 이러한 품종의 Ti¹,Ti² 보유 pattern은 재배조건에 의해 변화되지 않았다. 2조합의 pattern은 재배조건에 의해 변화되지 않았다. 2조합의 정역교배에서 얻은 F₁ 종자의 전기영동 pattern을 비교해 본 결과, Ti¹품종끼리의 교배종자에서는 정역교배에 상관없이 Ti¹ inhibitor 만 나타났고 Ti¹품종과 Ti²품종의 교배종자에서는 Ti²를 모본으로 한 종자에서는 Ti¹과 Ti² 두 inhibitor가 검출되었으나 여교배에서는 모본의 Ti¹ inhibitor만 검출되었다. 여교배에서 Ti¹만 나타난 것은 분석시료 종자가 적었고 교배의 여부를 확인할 수 없어 모본의 세포질적 영향에 의한 것인지 또는 자가수정에 의한 것인지 분명치 않았다. The protein extracts from soybean seeds were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the trypsin inhibitor (T.I) bands were detected. The water-extractable protein was fractionated into three fractions by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. The T.I activity was found only in the second fraction. Kunitz and Bowman-Birk inhibitors were fractionated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography into seven and six fractions, respectively. In kunitz inhibitor, 5 fractions were found to have T.I activity and 4 fractions in Bowman-Birk inhibitor. From the and patterns of the protein extracts and those of DEAE-cellulose chromatographic fractions, it was found that band 3 and 4 were T.I. band, corresponding to Ti¹ and Ti² band, respectively. In addition, band 6 and 10 were presumed to be T.I. band. Of the 42 varieties sampled, 35 revealed only Ti¹ band and 7 only Ti² band. The T.I. band patterns were not changed by the culture condition. The T.I. content, when expressed as the number of trypsin units inhibited (T.U.I), showed remarkable differences from 25 to 76 between varieties. The seedtime and fertilization condition had no effect on the T.I. content. Judged from the results of F ₁seeds analysis, we assumed that Ti¹ and Ti²band were controlled by codominant allele at a single locus.

방사성 동위원소옥소(131I)에 의한 갑상선질환의 임상적 연구

이정상,이문호,고창순,노흥규,구인서,서환조,이경자,이홍규 대한핵의학회 1970 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.4 No.2

서울대학교 의과대학 내과학교실 및 방사성 동위원소 진료실에서 1960년 5월부터 1969년 10월까지 진료한 2,658명의 각종 갑상선 질환 환자에 대하여 131I에 의한 각종 갑상선 기능 검사 및 기능 항진증 환자에 대한 131I의 치료 성적을 종합 검토하여 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 2,658명의 갑상선 질환 환자중 독성 미만성 선종이 929명(34.9%)으로 가장 많고 비중독성 미만성 선종 및 비중독성 결절성 선종이 각각 762명(28.7%), 699명(26.3%)이며 기능저하가 210명(7.9%), 독성 결절성 선종이 58명(2.2%)였다. 2) 갑상선 질환의 성별 발생 빈도는 남자 300명(11.4%), 여자 2,358명(88.6%)로서 그 비는 1:8였다. 3) 연령별 발생 빈도는 20∼49세에서 전체의 79.1%인 2,102명이며 기능 항진증의 경우는 79.0%에 달하였다. 4) 각종 갑상선 기능 검사중 131I 섭취율, 131I 혈청내 방사능 BMR치등에 대한 고찰을 하는 한편 기능항진 및 저하증때 나타내는 각종 자학증세를 관찰하였다. 5) 갑상선 기능 항진증 환자 867명에 대하여 131I 치료를 하고 그 중 579명에서 47.8%의 초회 치료율을 확인하였다. 6) 131I 투여 후의 합병증인 기능 저하증의 발생 빈도는 초회 투여에서 6.75%였다. 7) 갑상선의 $quot; A summary of the clinical data of the (131)^I-thyroid function tests and the therapeutic results of 1(31I)^ among the 2,658 patients of various thyroid diseases treated over the past 10 years from May 1960 to Oct. 1969 at the Radioisotope Clinci and Laboratory, SNUH were presented and discussed. 1) The patients examined consisted of 929 cases (34.9%) of diffuse toxic goiter, 762 cases (28.7%) of diffuse nontoxic goiter, 699 cases (26.3%) of nodular nontoxic goiter, 58 cases (2.2%) of nodular toxic goiter and 210 cases (7.9%) of hypothyroidism. 2) There were 300 (11.4%) male and 2358 (88.6%) female, showing a ratio of 1:8. 3) The majority of patients (79.1%) were in the 3rd-5th decade of their lives. 4) The normal ranges, diagnostic values of (131)^I uptake test, 48 hrs serum activity, BMR and main subjective symptoms of various thyroid diseases were discussed. 5) In the 579 patients among 867 cases with hyperthyroidism treated with (131)^I, 47.8% were confirmed to be cured completely after single therapeutic doses. 6) The complications of 131I therapy were discussed and myxedema had developed in 6.75% of our patients. 7) The results of (131)^I thyroid function tests were analysed among the 160 cases of thyroid diseases which were confirmed the diagnosis with histopathological measures.

Effects of dextrorotatory morphinans on brain Na⁺ channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Lee, J.H.,Shin, E.J.,Jeong, S.M.,Lee, B.H.,Yoon, I.S.,Lee, J.H.,Choi, S.H.,Kim, Y.H.,Pyo, M.K.,Lee, S.M.,Chae, J.S.,Rhim, H.,Oh, J.W.,Kim, H.C.,Nah, S.Y. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2007 european journal of pharmacology Vol.564 No.1

We previously demonstrated that dextromethorphan (DM; 3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan) analogs have neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigated the effects of DM, three of its analogs (DF, 3-methyl-17-methylmorphinan; AM, 3-allyloxy-17-methoxymorphian; and CM, 3-cyclopropyl-17-methoxymorphinan) and one of its metabolites (HM; 3-methoxymorphinan), on Na<SUP>+</SUP> channel activity. We used the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique to test the effects of DM, DF, AM, CM and HM on Na<SUP>+</SUP> currents (I<SUB>Na</SUB>) in Xenopus oocytes expressing cRNAs encoding rat brain Nav1.2 α and β1 or β2 subunits. In oocytes expressing Na<SUP>+</SUP> channels, DM, DF, AM and CM, but not HM, induced tonic and use-dependent inhibitions of peak I<SUB>Na</SUB> following low- and high-frequency stimulations. The order of potency for the inhibition of peak I<SUB>Na</SUB> was AM-CM > DM=DF. The DM, DF, AM and CM-induced tonic inhibitions of peak I<SUB>Na</SUB> were voltage-dependent, dose-dependent and reversible. The IC<SUB>50</SUB> values for DM, DF, AM and CM were 116.7+/-14.9, 175.8+/-16.9, 38.6+/-15.5, and 42.5+/-8.5 μM, respectively. DM and its analogs did not affect the steady-state activation and inactivation voltages. AM and CM, but not DM and DF, inhibited the plateau I<SUB>Na</SUB> more effectively than the peak I<SUB>Na</SUB> in oocytes expressing inactivation-deficient I1485Q-F1486Q-M1487Q (IFMQ3) mutant channels; the IC<SUB>50</SUB> values for AM and CM in this system were 8.4+/-1.3 and 8.7+/-1.3 μM, respectively, for the plateau I<SUB>Na</SUB> and 43.7+/-5.9 and 32.6+/-7.8 μM, respectively, for the peak I<SUB>Na</SUB>. These results collectively indicate that DM and its analogs could be novel Na<SUP>+</SUP> channel blockers acting on the resting and open states of brain Na<SUP>+</SUP> channels.

Predicting temporal shifts in the spring occurrence of overwintered Scotinophara lurida (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and rice phenology in Korea with climate change

Lee, H.,Kang, W. S.,Ahn, M. I.,Cho, K.,Lee, J. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 International journal of biometeorology Vol.60 No.1

<P>Climate change could shift the phenology of insects and plants and alter their linkage in space and time. We examined the synchrony of rice and its insect pest, Scotinophara lurida (Burmeister), under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 8.5 climate change scenario by comparing the mean spring immigration time of overwintered S. lurida with the mean rice transplanting times in Korea. The immigration time of S. lurida was estimated using an overwintered adult flight model. The rice transplanting time of three cultivars (early, medium, and medium-late maturing) was estimated by forecasting the optimal cultivation period using leaf appearance and final leaf number models. A temperature increase significantly advanced the 99 % immigration time of S. lurida from Julian day 192.1 in the 2000s to 178.4 in the 2050s and 163.1 in the 2090s. In contrast, rice transplanting time was significantly delayed in the early-maturing cultivar from day 141.2 in the 2000s to 166.7 in the 2050s and 190.6 in the 2090s, in the medium-maturing cultivar from day 130.6 in the 2000s to 156.6 in the 2050s and 184.7 in the 2090s, and in the medium-late maturing cultivar from day 128.5 in 2000s to 152.9 in the 2050s and 182.3 in the 2090s. These simulation results predict a significant future phenological asynchrony between S. lurida and rice in Korea.</P>

G.I.S.H. 수술과 복식 전자궁적출술의 비교

지일운,허준용,서호석,박용균,조수용,주갑순,이규완,구병삼 대한산부인과내시경학회 1995 대한산부인과내시경학회잡지 Vol.7 No.1

Differentiation of Recurrent Tumor and Posttreatment Changes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Application of High b-Value Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

Hwang, I.,Choi, S.H.,Kim, Y.-J.,Kim, K.G.,Lee, A.L.,Yun, T.J.,Kim, J.-h.,Sohn, C.-H. American Society of Neuroradiology 2013 AJNR, American journal of neuroradiology Vol.34 No.12

<P><B>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</B></P><P>High b-value DWI has been expected to have an additional diagnostic role and demonstrated some promising results in head and neck cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of DWI at a high b-value (<I>b</I>=2000 s/mm<SUP>2</SUP>) compared with a standard b-value (<I>b</I>=1000 s/mm<SUP>2</SUP>) and the ratio of ADC values of high and standard b-values for their ability to differentiate between recurrent tumor and posttreatment changes after the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.</P><P><B>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</B></P><P>A total of 33 patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled in the present study; all had contrast-enhancing lesions on follow-up MR imaging. All patients underwent single-shot echo-planar DWI at <I>b</I>=1000 s/mm<SUP>2</SUP> and <I>b</I>=2000 s/mm<SUP>2</SUP>, and corresponding ADC maps were generated (ADC<SUB>1000</SUB> and ADC<SUB>2000</SUB>, respectively). The mean ADC<SUB>1000</SUB>, ADC<SUB>2000</SUB>, and ADC<SUB>ratio</SUB> (ADC<SUB>ratio</SUB> = ADC<SUB>2000</SUB>/ADC<SUB>1000</SUB> × 100) values were evaluated within a manually placed ROI with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images as references. For the statistical analysis, we performed a Student <I>t</I> test and multivariate logistic regression.</P><P><B>RESULTS:</B></P><P>The mean ADC<SUB>1000</SUB> in recurrent tumor was significantly lower than that in posttreatment changes (<I>P</I> < .001), whereas the mean ADC<SUB>2000</SUB> resulted in no significant difference (<I>P</I> = .365). The mean ADC<SUB>ratio</SUB> was significantly higher in recurrent tumor than that in posttreatment changes (73.5 ± 7.2% vs 56.9 ± 8.8%, respectively; <I>P</I> < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the ADC<SUB>ratio</SUB> was the only independently differentiating variable (<I>P</I> = .024). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ADC<SUB>ratio</SUB> were 95.0%, 69.2%, and 84.8%, respectively, by use of the optimal cutoff value of 62.6%.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS:</B></P><P>We suggest that the ADC<SUB>ratio</SUB> calculated from the ADC<SUB>1000</SUB> and ADC<SUB>2000</SUB> is a promising value for the differentiation of recurrent tumor and posttreatment changes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.</P>

Phase I/II study of S-1 combined with weekly docetaxel in patients with metastatic gastric carcinoma

Park, S R,Kim, H K,Kim, C G,Choi, I J,Lee, J S,Lee, J H,Ryu, K W,Kim, Y-W,Bae, J-M,Kim, N K Cancer Research UK 2008 The British journal of cancer Vol.98 No.8

We designed a phase I/II trial of S-1 combined with weekly docetaxel to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose (RD) and to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity in metastatic gastric carcinoma (MGC). Patients with measurable disease received S-1 orally b.i.d. on days 1–14 and docetaxel intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. In phase I (n=30), each cohort received escalating doses of S-1 (30–45 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> b.i.d.) and docetaxel (25–40 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>); MTD was 45 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> b.i.d. S-1/35 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> docetaxel and RD was 40 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> b.i.d. S-1/35 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> docetaxel. Dose-limiting toxicities included grade 3 elevated liver enzymes, gastric perforation, grade 3 diarrhoea/fatigue, febrile neutropenia with grade 3 anorexia/fatigue, and neutropenic infection with grade 3 stomatitis/anorexia. In phase II (n=52), the overall response rate was 66.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 53.8–79.6%) and the median time to progression and overall survival were 6.5 months (95% CI: 4.9–8.1) and 13.7 months (95% CI: 9.9–17.5), respectively. The most common grade 3/4 toxicity was neutropenia (29.4%), and febrile neutropenia/neutropenic infection occurred in 19.6% of patients. Non-haematological toxicities were generally mild. There was one treatment-related death due to pneumonitis. S-1 combined with weekly docetaxel is active in MGC with moderate toxicities.British Journal of Cancer (2008) 98, 1305–1311. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604312 www.bjcancer.com Published online 25 March 2008